初中英语典型错误100例(3)

2006-04-17 07:12马庚华
第二课堂(初中版) 2006年3期
关键词:定冠词大寿一辆车

马庚华

25 我相信他们会借钱给我们的。

误:I believe them to lend us the money

正:I believe that they will lend us the money

析:believe 后接不定式的复合结构时,该不定式通常是 to be。如:I believe him to be honest 我相信他是诚实的。若为 to do 型,通常应改用宾语从句。

26 我们最好马上送他到医院就诊。

误:Wed better to send him to hospital at once

正:Wed better send him to hospital at once

析:had better 后只能接动词原形,不能接带 to 不定式。其否定式直接在 better 后加 not。如:Youd better not say that 你最好别说那样的话。

27 今天是我爷爷的80大寿。

误:Today is my grandfathers eighty birthday

正:Today is my grandfathers eightieth birthday

析:汉语说“三十岁生日”“八十大寿”等,其实指的是过第三十个生日,过第八十个生日等,所以此时要用序数词,而不能用基数词。

28 我可借用一下你的电话吗?

误:May I borrow your telephone?

正:May I use your telephone?

析:汉语中的“借用”,不一定都可用 borrow 来表示。一般说来, borrow 只表示借用那些能够带走的东西(如书、钱、车、用具等),而对于那些不能带走的东西(如电话、图书室、厕所等)则宜用 use。

29 两个孩子都想去参加聚会。

误:Both of children want to go to the party

正:Both children want to go to the party

正:Both the children want to go to the party

正:Both of the children want to go to the party

析:both 后接名词时,用不用定冠词均可,但是在 both of 之后接名词时,则该名词前必须有定冠词或其他表特指的限定语。

30 她快速地吃完早餐就去上班了。

误:She had quick breakfast and went to work

正:She had a quick breakfast and went to work

析:若 breakfast 受到形容词的修饰,表示某顿具有某种特征的早餐时,则其前要用不定冠词。注:lunch, supper 也具有类似用法特点。

31 你至少要换两次车。

误:Youd have to change bus at least twice

正:Youd have to change buses at least twice

析:change buses(转车)中的 buses 总是用复数,因为既要下一辆车,又要上另一辆车。比较:change trains(转车),change seats(交换座位)等。

32 同学们正忙于复习准备考试。

误:The students are busy to study for their exams

正:The students are busy studying for their exams

析:要表示“忙于做某事”,be busy 后要接 doing sth,不能接 to do sth。不过,有时也接 in doing sth。如:He was busying (in) writing a report 他正忙于写一个报告。

33 这房子我已买了十年。

误:I have bought this house for ten years

正:I bought this house ten years ago

正:I have had this house for ten years

正:Its ten years since I bought this house

析:buy 是终止性动词,因此在肯定句中不能与一段时间连用。遇此情况,应改用其他相应句式。

34 这个东西用英语怎么说?

误:How do you call this in English?

正:What do you call this in English?

正:How do you say this in English?

析:What do you call...与 How do you say...意思相同,但搭配不同,即: call 与 what 搭配, say 与 how 搭配,两者不可混在一起。(待续)

(编辑陈根花)

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