解读单元考点/牵手高频考题——Unit18New Zealand

2008-04-29 07:49杨丹江
中学生英语高中综合天地 2008年4期
关键词:动名词代词介词

杨丹江

1. New Zealand has a mild sea climate,while the north is subtropical. (Page 38)

【考点1】 climate的用法。

【高考链接】 For the sake ofher daughters health,she decided to move to a warm ______.(上海2006春)

A. weatherB. temperature

C. seasonD. climate

【归纳】 climate此处意为“气候”,既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。它还有“有某种天气情况的地区”之意。此处climate为上述的第二个释义。 weather意为“天气”,是不可数名词;temperature意为“气温,温度,体温”,不符合句意;season意为“季节”,不能和move搭配。

【考点2】 句中while表示对比,意为“而,当……却……”。

【高考链接】I do every single bit of housework______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. (NMET 2007 II)

A. since B. whileC. when D. as

【归纳】 while 连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系。

例如: He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里。

I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞。

2. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs,some of which throw hot water high into the air. (Page 38)

【考点】 of which引导的是非限制性定语从句。

【高考链接1】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% ______ are sold abroad. (辽宁 2007)

A. of whichB. which of

C. of them D. of that

【高考链接2】 There are two buildings,______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (湖北 2007)

A. the larger

B. the larger of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

【归纳】 of which引导的是非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中,基于意义上的需要,可以在some,any,several,many,most,all,both,neither,none,half,one等词和形容词比较级、最高级之后接of whom或of which.

3. It is a good thing that New Zealand helps the Maori to keep their own language and culture. (Page 40)

【考点】 句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。

【高考链接1】In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(上海2007)

A. this B. that C. thereD. it

【高考链接2】The Foreign Minister said,“______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(北京 2007)

A. This is B. There is

C. That isD. It is

【归纳】 当句子的主语是动词不定式或从句时,通常把it用作形式主语放在句首而把真正的主语不定式或从句放在后面。句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。

4. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer ……(Page 42)

【考点】 turn to是固定短语,此处意为“开始干,转向”,to是介词,其后接名词或动词?-ing形式。turn to还有“找(某人寻求帮助等);查阅(某书),求助于”之意。

【高考链接】 In the dark street,there wasnt a single person ______ she could turn for help. (NMET 2007 II)

A. that B. who

C. from whomD. to whom

【归纳】 此处主要考查对固定短语turn to sb. for help的识别。原句可还原为there wasnt a single person whom she could turn to for help。此处为介词to提前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。关系代词whom指代先行词a single person,在从句中作宾语。

在高中阶段的英语学习中,常常会遇见许多含有to的短语,而其中有些短语所含的to为介词,他的后面要求接名词、动名词或代词。往往容易将这种情况与不定式相混淆,为了区别记忆,现归纳如下:

1. access to 接近,进入(某地的)方法; 通路

2. according to 按照,依照,视……而定

3. be addicted to 沉溺于……,对……上瘾

4. belong to 属于

5. contribute to 为……做贡献,为……撰稿

6. devote to 献身,致力于……

7. due to 因为,由于……而起

8. be equal to 与……相当,有能力胜任……的

9. get close to 靠近,接近

10. get down to 开始做某事,认真处理某事

11. hold to 忠于……,坚持,遵循

12. help oneself to 自取,自用(食物,饮料等)

13. look forward to 盼望,期待

14. lead to 导致

15. prefer…to…(两者间)更喜欢……

16. pay attention to 注意

17. refer to 提到,涉及到,关系到,参考,查阅

18. relate to 与……有关,涉及……

19. see to 照看或处理某事物

20. stick to 坚持,不改变或不放弃

21. turn to 转向,求助于,转而做

22. be used to 习惯于……,适应……

5.These happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing.(Page )

【考点1】 v-ing做介词宾语的用法。

【高考链接1】Isnt it time you got down to______ the papers?(重庆2006)

A. mark B. be marked

C. being marked D. marking

【归纳】:got down to中的to是介词因而要用动名词作宾语,而动名词marking与其逻辑主语you是主动关系。

【高考链接2】 You cant imagine what

difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. (辽宁2007)

A. walkedB. walkC. to walk D.walking

【归纳】:have difficulty in doing sth.结构的一种变化形式。用动名词作介词的宾语。

【考点2】另外,v-ing名词性功能有:在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

【高考链接1】 Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview.______ the answers ready will be of great help.(北京2007)

A. To have had B. Having had

C. HaveD. Having

【归纳】:动名词 “Having the answers ready” 作主语。动词不定式也可以做主语,但显然这儿不可用完成形式,所以选A是错误的。

【高考链接2】 When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______.(北京2007)

A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leave

C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave

【归纳】:remember 接 to do与doing做宾语的区别:remember doing回忆起过去做过的事;remember to do记住要做的事。

【高考链接3】 I cant stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She justrefuses____ talking while she works. (北京2006)

A. working; stopping

B. to work; stoppin

C. working; to stop

D. to work; to stop

【归纳】:stand在这里表示“忍受”,后面要求用动名词作宾语,而refuse要用不定式作宾语。

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