新目标八年级（下）Ｕｎｉｔｓ６—７词汇积累

1.raise

解读动词，在中学课本中主要出现以下几种意思：

①举起，使升高

He raised his head and looked at me. 他抬起头看着我。

At the party we all raised our glasses to her.

在聚会上，我们都举杯祝她健康。

②种植，饲养

The rich farmland is used for raising crops.

那块肥沃的耕地是用来种庄稼的。

She makes a living by raising and selling sheep.

她靠饲养和出售绵羊生活。

③筹（款），招募

Theyll give a concert to raise money for educational aid program.

他们将举办一场音乐会，为教育援助工程募款。

A group of volunteers are raised to support Chinas least-developed areas. 要招募一批志愿者去支援中国最落后的地区。

比较 lift的意思也是“举起”，它常常表示举（提、抬）起某物时需要费些力气。例如：

This is too heavy for me to lift. 这太重了，我举不起来。

The elephant is so strong that it can lift a log easily.

大象力气很大，它可以毫不费力地举起一根圆木。

raise着重指使某物竖立起来。例如：

Those who are ready, please raise your hands. 准备好的人，请举手。

应用 选择填空。

①The sun ____ in the east and sets in the west.

A. raises B. lifts C. rises D. goes

②They ____ rice in the south of China.

A. plant B. grow C. produce D. keep

③Shes so young that she cant ____ the heavy bag.

A. take B. bring C. raise D. lift

④The chairman ____ his voice and went on speaking.

A. lifted B. grew C. raised D. rose

解答

①C (日、月、云雾等的自动）升起用rise。

②B 表示“种植”，也可用raise。

③D 表示“费力气举（提）起”。

④C raise ones voice意思是“提高嗓门”。

2.run out of

解读(1)动词短语，意思是“（贮存物、供应品等）用尽，用完。” 例如：

Ive run out of my ink. 我用完了墨水。

——Why did he get back? 他怎么回来了？

——He ran out of money. 他把钱花光了。

(2)run一词除“跑”的意思外，经常出现的意思还有：

①驾驶（车辆）

Uncle runs a taxi to support his family. 叔叔靠开出租车来养家糊口。

②经营，开办

My father runs a shoe factory. 我爸爸经营一家鞋厂。

Night schools were often run before. 以前常常办夜校。

③流经，流淌

A small river runs through my hometown. 一条小河流经我的家乡。

Blood ran down his nose. 血从鼻子流下。

④延伸，伸展

Green Ave. runs from the railway station to a factory.

格林大街从火车站一直延伸到一家工厂。

(3)run构成的短语常见的有：

run away逃跑，失控 run for竞选

run into撞，陷于 run up to累计达到

in the long run终究，最后 run after追赶，追捕

警示 run out of还可以表示“从……跑出来”。例如：

Did you notice someone run out of the dormitory?

你曾注意到有人从宿舍里跑出来吗？

应用 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

①She ____(用完) time, so she had to stop.

②Theres a railway ____(伸展) through the town.

③Look, your sons nose ____(流鼻涕).

④He was so careless that he ____(撞上) the wall.

⑤The butcher got a stick and ____(追赶) the dog.

解答

①ran out of ②running ③is running ④ran into ⑤ran after

3.free

解读 形容词，主要意思有：

①自由的，无拘束的

Everyone is free to express themselves. 大家都可以畅所欲言。

Now you come and set me free. 现在你来，把我放了。

She got the first prize in free style. 她在自由式游泳中得了第一名。

②空闲的，有时间的

Ill go with you if Im free tomorrow.

明天，我如果有时间就和你一起去。

What do you usually do at your free time? 你闲时常干什么？

③免费的

Theres no free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。

Look!It says “Children under 7: free.”

瞧！上面写着：“七岁以下儿童免费。”

Youll get a scarf for free. 你将免费得到一条围巾。

延伸 free的副词是freely,意思是“自由地，无拘束地”。例如：

Tell them to talk loudly and freely. 叫他们自由地大声谈。

应用 选择填空。

①More than 300 war prisoners(战犯) were set ____ in Iraq(伊拉克) last week.

A. out B. up C. free D. home

②Fish are swimming ____ in the water.

A. freely B. early C. carefully D. friendly

③In China many people enjoy ____ medical care.

A. well B. high C. many D. free

④Maybe Ill have ____ next Tuesday.

A. free B. time C. busy D. times

解答

①C set…free 将……释放。

②A freely 自由地，随意地。

③D free medical care 公费医疗。

④B have time“有空”相当于be free。

4.at a meeting

解读 (1)介词短语，意思是“在开会”。例如：

My father is at a parents meeting. 我爸爸在开家长会。

At a meeting in Beijing I got to know her.

某一次在北京的开会时，我认识了她。

比较 have (hold) a meeting 也是“开会”的意思，但它是动词短语。例如：

When shall we have the meeting? 我们什么时候开会？

(2)介词at的一些常见意思与用法：

①表示地点

Lets meet at the station. 我们在车站见吧。

Whos standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？

②表示时间

He joined the League at 15. 他15岁入团。

Dinner is ready at 9:00. 9点钟开饭。

③表示方向

Dont throw a stone at the dog. 不要朝狗扔石块。

警示 at表示方向时，只与少数的几个动词搭配使用。例如：

come at 朝……扑过来 shout at冲……大喊 look at看

shoot at 朝……开枪 aim at 朝……瞄准

④表示原因

He looked surprised at seeing us. 他看到我们显出很惊异的样子。

At the news we jumped with joy. 听到这消息，我们高兴得跳了起来。

⑤表示“处于……状态”

How long have you been at work? 你上了几年班？

We must never think that all is at peace now.

我们千万不要认为现在天下太平了。

⑥表示“在……方面”

Marcia was better than me at chess. 玛莎的棋比我下得好。

Bill is quite clever at drawing. 比尔在画画方面有天赋。

⑦表示价格、速度等

A spaceship flies at 11 kilometres a second.

宇宙飞船以每秒11千米的速度飞行。

We have nice skirts for girls at ￥30 each.

我们有女孩子穿的裙子，每条30元。

⑧用于某些固定搭配：

at first 开始 at last 最后at least 至少

at most 至多 at night 在晚上 (not) at all 一点也不

at the same time 同时 at noon 在正午at times 不时

应用 选择填空。

①I live ____ 401 Nanjing Road, Wuhan.

A. in B. on C. at D. during

②You can have a pair of socks ____ a good price.

A. in B. at C. for D. on

③Theyll ____ a friendly visit to Argentina.

A. in B. on C. at D. to

④The monkey threw a banana ____ us.

A. at B. on C. for D. to

⑤The teacher was quite pleased ____ her.

A. at B. to C. on D. with

⑥Mum often woke up ____ midnight.

A. in B. on C. at D. over

解答

①C 表示某一地点。

②B 表示价格。

③B on a visit参观，访问。

④A 表示方向。

⑤D be pleased with对……感到满意。

⑥C 固定搭配。

5.annoy

解读 (1)动词，意思是“使……生气，使……烦恼”。例如：

What annoys you most when youre shopping?

你在购物时，什么最让你恼火?

If you stand in the subway door reading, everyone will annoy you.

你要是站在地铁口看书，人们会生你的气。

(2)annoyed形容词，常用于下列搭配：

①get/be annoyed with sb. 生……的气

Nancy was annoyed with her brother. 南茜生她弟弟的气。

Dont get annoyed with that boy.

犯不着为那孩子烦恼。

②get annoyed for(at) sth. 因……而生气

Mr Black got annoyed at your carelessness.

布莱克先生对你的粗心大意感到恼火。

What were you annoyed for? 你生什么气呀？

③get annoyed to do sth. 做某事感到恼火

He was annoyed to learn that he had to pay the fine.

听到要被罚款，他心里感到烦恼。

(3)annoying形容词，意思是“讨厌的，烦人的”。

Youre an annoying fellow. 你是个讨厌的家伙。

延伸 annoy的名词形式是annoyance。例如：

To our annoyance, Peter was late again.

使我们生气的是彼特又一次迟到。

A lot of annoyance was on her face. 她一脸厌烦的神态。

应用 指出下列句子中的错误，并改正。

①How annoying my aunt was then!

②Dont get annoyed at me, sir!

③What an annoyed trip we had last week!

④They sent him away with great annoying!

解答

①annoying→annoyed 与“人”有关用v.-ed形式。

②at→with get annoyed with sb. 生……的气。

③annoyed→annoying 与“人”无关用v.-ing形式。

④annoying→annoyance 名词形式。

6.complain

解读 (1)动词，意思是“抱怨，投诉，诉苦”。例如：

Dad complained that I didnt work hard. 爸爸抱怨我工作不努力。

Li Fang is a good student who studies hard and never complains.

李芳是个好学生，她学习刻苦，从不抱怨。

(2)常见搭配有：

①complain about(of)投诉，抱怨

She complained of my mistake. 她抱怨说我犯了错误。

Ill write to your manager and complain about it.

我要写信给你们经理，投诉此事。

②complain to sb. of sth. 控告某人某事

Did you complain to the teacher of his bad deeds?

你向老师申诉了他所做的坏事吗？

延伸 complain的名词是complaint。例如：

Now the most common complaint is the tuition fee for college.

现在，投诉最多的是大学的学费。

I cant write a letter of complaint. 我不会写投诉信。

应用指出下列句子中的错误，并改正。

①She was busy complaint; didnt notice(注意) me.

②In the letter he complained three things happened in your store.

③Remember to make your letter of complain more polite.

解答

①complaint→with the complaintbe busy with sth. 忙于某事。

②complained→complained about(of) 意思是“投诉”。

③complain→complaint “投诉信”是a letter of complaint。

郭跃胜山西山阴县第三中学