黄奇帆对大通关的“大设想”全国保税区连成片

□ 文/本刊记者 唐松

黄奇帆对大通关的“大设想”全国保税区连成片

□ 文/本刊记者 唐松

5月15至18日，第十七届渝洽会举行。重庆市市长黄奇帆在论坛会上作了重要发言。他说，大通关就是整个国家的海关一体化运作，沿海海关和内陆海关能够“关检互认”。重庆这几年已经实现跟上海、深圳、新疆一些重要的出关口一体化。“未来，希望首先在西南片区的保税区实行一体化，然后全国的保税区也可连成片，实行关检一体化。”黄奇帆说。

重庆大通关成效卓越

大通关不仅是在陆地上。继渝新欧铁路“一次关检，全程通行”破题之后，重庆与上海、广东、深圳、广西、云南和新疆6大主要进出口通道检验检疫局签署合作协议，进行大通关合作，对高诚信企业、低风险货物全面实施“产地检验、口岸出单；口岸转检、属地报检”的直通模式。如今，我市海关已和沿海30多个口岸海关签订了合作协议，重庆出发的货物通过水运出海，同样实现了一次申报、一次查验、一次放行。

黄奇帆表示，大通关是大开放的前提。在四、五年前，通过重庆港口的进出口运输量，只有5%是外省市的，到了去年，集装箱进出口货物中，45%是四川、贵州、陕西等兄弟省的转口货物，预计到2015年，转口货物会到60%，这是口岸的重要标志之一。近年来，重庆引进外资从每年几亿美元到连续每年100亿美元以上，预计今年也能继续保持100多亿。大通关对此功不可没。

将全国保税区连成片

口岸是国家的门户，口岸功能的强弱和运行效率的高低，对一个国家和地区的经济发展以及社会繁荣至关重要。特别是随着全球经济一体化和贸易自由化进程的加速发展，口岸管理体制是否顺畅、通关活动是否高效，越来越成为衡量一个企业、一个地区乃至一个国家经济水平和竞争能力的重要指标，对国际资本的流入和我国外经贸乃至整个国民经济的发展都将产生深远的影响。

海关总署新闻发言人张广志指出，支持长江经济带建设，海关将进一步完善长江流域大通关体制，推动长江经济带11省市海关更大范围、更多领域的区域通关改革，努力实现沿长江不同关区之间一体化作业。

保税区是在国境之内、关境之外。这是一国海关设置的或经海关批准注册、受海关监督和管理的可以较长时间存储商品的区域。保税区能便利转口贸易，增加有关费用的收入。运入保税区的货物可以进行储存、改装、分类、混合、展览，以及加工制造，但必须处于海关监管范围内。外国商品存入保税区，不必缴纳进口关税，尚可自由出口，只需交纳存储费和少量费用。

黄奇帆说，重庆下一步还要跟西南各省之间的海关互通，实现内陆兄弟省市只要有一个关检，大家互相共享信息互认，首先在西南地区争取形成贸易流通一体化，城市交通一体化，金融融通一体化，产业集群配套一体化，城市群功能互动一体化等。重庆可在实现保税区之间的通关一体化上做足文章。

目前，西南片区除了重庆寸滩空港保税区、西永综合保税区外，还有成都高新综合保税区、新疆阿拉山口综合保税区、宁夏银川综合保税区以及西安高新综合保税区、贵阳综合保税区、云南红河综合保税区、兰州新区综合保税等10余个保税区。这些保税区都在“国境之内、关境之外”，货物、服务互通起来不仅方便，而且节省费用、时间。西南片区保税区连成片后，市场将放大若干倍。

现在，全国也已有二十来个保税区，如果再实现全国保税区之间的通关一体化，对各地开放发展将是有力的促进。

Great customs clearance as envisioned by Huang Qifan Connecting all of China's Bonded Zones

The 17th China Chongqing International Investment and Global Sourcing Fair was held on May 15 to 18. Chongqing Mayor Huang Qifan delivered a speech at the fair. According to his explanation, great customs clearance means customs offices across the country work in an integrated system where coastal customs offices and inland customs offices recognize each other's inspection results. In recent years, Chongqing has achieved that with a number of key customs passes, including Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Xinjiang." In future, we hope to realize great customs clearance in bonded zones in Southwest China and then go on to connect all bonded zones in China to implement great customs clearance for key industries." Huang Qifan said.

Remarkable achievements Chongqing has made in great customs clearance

Great customs clearance is not restricted to land transport. Since Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway accomplished "only one inspection for the whole trip", Chongqing has signed cooperation agreements with the inspection and quarantine bureaus of six major customs ports to implement great customs clearance: Shanghai, Guangdong,Shenzhen, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. For highly trustworthy enterprises and low-risk cargo, a direct pass-through model is used: inspection in the place of origin and paperwork issued by the customs port; the customs port transferring cargo for inspection, and the local place submitting cargo for inspection. Now, Chongqing has signed cooperation agreements with over 30 customs offi ces in coastal regions. Cargo departing from Chongqing by water can be cleared after being declared and inspected only once.

Huang Qifan said great customs clearance is a precondition for opening up on a large scale. Four or fi ve years ago, only 5% of cargo exported and imported via the Chongqing port was for other provinces and cities. Last year, 45% of cargo exported and imported in containers via the Chongqing port was entrepot cargo for Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi etc. This percentage, which is an important indicator for a port, is projected to hit 60% by 2015. In recent years, the annual amount of foreign investment has gone from hundreds of millions of US dollars to over 10 billion. This high level has been maintained for years in a row, including this year as estimated. Great customs clearance has played an indispensable role in this regard.

Connecting bonded zones

Ports are the country's gateways. Their functions and efficiency mean a lot to economic development and social prosperity. As economic globalization and trade liberalization pick up speed, whether the port management system is effi cient and whether customs clearance is smooth are becoming ever more of indicators for measuring the economic competence and competitiveness of enterprises, regions, and countries. These indicators have a far-reaching infl uence on the infl ow of foreign capital, the country's foreign trade, and the development of the entire national economy.

Zhang Guangzhi, spokesperson for the General Administration of Customs, pointed out that the customs will further improve the great customs clearance mechanism for the Yangtze River basin to support the construction of the Yangtze River economic belt, pushing for extensive customs reforms that cover more areas of the 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River economic belt. The aim is to achieve integrated operation among different clearance zones along the Yangtze River.

Bonded zones are within the country's borders but outside the customs frontiers. These zones are set up by the customs or registered with the customs and run under the oversight of the customs. Goods can be stored for a long time in bonded zones, which facilitate entrepot trade and increase income. Goods that have been transported into a bonded zone can be stored, modified, classified, mixed, exhibited, and processed under the oversight of the customs. Foreign goods are not subject to import tariffs when they enter a bonded zone. They can later be exported freely. Only storage fees and some other low fees apply.

According to Huang Qifan, Chongqing will move on to achieve great customs clearance with provinces in Southwest China. Once cargo passes inspection by any of the inland provinces or cities, the result is shared and recognized in the entire region. Efforts will be made to achieve integration in Southwest China in trade, urban transport, finance, industrial cluster facilities, and metropolitan area functions. Chongqing has a lot to do in great customs clearance for bonded zones.

Except for Chongqing's Cuntan Airport Bonded Zone, Southwest China also has over 10 other bonded zones, including Chengdu's High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Xinjiang's Alashankou Bonded Zone and Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Ningxia's Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Xi'an's Hightech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Guiyang's Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Yunnan's Honghe Comprehensive Bonded Zone, and Lanzhou's New Area Comprehensive Bonded Zone. All of them are within the country's borders but outside the customs frontiers, facilitating exchange of cargo and services by cutting costs and saving time. When the bonded zones in Southwest China are connected as a whole, the market will increase multifold.

China now has over 20 bonded zones. If great customs clearance can be achieved among them all, it will be a strong driving force for the development and opening-up of all regions involved