河南省中考英语词语运用试题分析及答题技巧点拨

黄德怀

词语运用是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让考生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空，以此来进一步考查考生对基础知识的掌握及运用能力。《义务教育新课程标准》对词语运用试题给出了明确的界定，要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能;能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。

近几年，河南省中考英语保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了考生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。在词语运用题方面，更加体现了这种理念。该题所涉及的知识面广、灵活性高，综合性也很强，主要考查考生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力，考查了考生的综合素质。文章的题材比较广泛，有故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。一般考查的范围包括介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。

一、河南省中考英语对词语运用考查的具体情况

年份

分类2013201220112010文体记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文词数190150160200话题讲述了一个“以其人之道，还治其人之身”的故事迈克尔·杰克逊的经历和演唱生涯父亲给孩子的信人生价值考

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值名词2分2分1分2分代词1分2分1分1分动词3分2分2分4分形容词2分1分1分1分连词1分1分2分/介词1分1分1分/副词//1分1分数词/1分1分1分纵观2010年以来的河南省中考英语词语运用试题不难看出，该题型主要基于以下几个方面来命题：

（一）重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识，在考查词汇的同时考查读与写的能力。这就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。例如：除2010年以外，每年都考查了连词,使语篇结构和句意得以很好的承接。

（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。2014年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。

（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。

（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，短文内容贴近学生的学习和生活。词数在200左右。短文共设10个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。

二、考生在词语运用试题中易犯的错误和存在的问题

（一）考生缺乏在具体语境中运用词汇的能力，很多时候能够在12个单词中选对某个空的单词，但却没有根据需要变形，写出单词的正确形式，因此前功尽弃。这个易犯错误在动词方面尤其突出。

（二）对词法知识的了解、掌握及运用不足。

（三）基础知识掌握不牢固，出现单词拼写错误，词语的基本变化形式混淆等。

三、词语运用试题的解题方法

（一）跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读整篇短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨，先易后难，逐一排除。

（二）复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

（三）利用语境，确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如人称和数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的ing形式，名词的数和所有格，代词的各种形式及单复数，形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。

（四）复读全文，验证答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查，而必须将所有填入的词代入到文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，发现问题要及时更正。

四、对考生平时学习的建议

（一）强化语篇，提高阅读能力。平时初三学生和老师容易不自觉地偏重语法的学习和教学，学生阅读练习不是很充足。但是语法的总结和归纳应该是建立在大量的阅读基础之上的，就是各种做题技巧，也是在进行大量阅读，形成一定语感的情况下才能有效。所以应加大阅读方面的时间投入，多关注句子理解、篇章理解和文化理解，久而久之，量变引起质变，会站在一个高一点的层面来理解整篇文章，此时再在做题时多注意训练提高一下做题技巧，会更有效。

（二）基础知识的掌握要牢固。如：词汇的拼写、变化和各种时态的辨别、用法，这需要在平时的学习中一点一滴的积累。

（三）了解自己。平时容易疲于做题，忽略了反思自己。初三综合复习时，做过几套题后要有针对性地分析自己所做过的题，看是在哪道题或是哪部分失分比较多，接下来要有针对性地多训练。对于词语运用来说，就是要根据自己以往所做错的地方，分析自己哪一方面掌握得不好，举一反三，在以后做题时特别注意。

（四）对于基础不太好的学生，如果要攻克词语运用，可以在增加阅读量的基础上先做一些类似于用括号内单词的适当形式填空的专项训练，这样的题难度相对小一些，易于把握，然后再做整个短文的词语运用。由句到篇，逐步训练能力。

总之，河南省中考英语词语运用试题就是一道微型的英语能力测试题。它能真实地体现出考生对英语语言知识的综合运用能力，也能体现出不同层次考生之间的差距。词语运用试题作为检测考生各种能力的一种拔高题，日益受到广大师生的关注和重视。

五、试题案例

（一）

for, give, get, easy, allow, so, cool, they, student, sell, parents, at

Some students often smoke cigarettes in schools washing room. Tang Liang started smoking 1 the age of 14. One day he knew that Yao Ming, an ambassador（大使）to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control（中国控烟协会）, asked people not to smoke. Yao Ming was Tangs favorite star, 2 his words meant a lot to him. He decided to 3 up smoking.

According to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control, about 350 million Chinese smoke. 50 million is teenagers among4. Sun Ping of Beijing University said, “When their parents smoke or shops 5 cigarettes to them teenagers can get cigarettes more 6. Its very important 7 parents to help their children stop smoking.”

A fifteen boy called Li Chen from Shanghai said his 8 didnt smoke. Because they thought smoking could make people feel badly ill, they didnt 9him to play with friends who smoked. Living in such a good family helped kids say no to cigarettes. Some of his smoking classmates once told Li Chen that smoking made boys look 10, but he disagreed. He said, “Smoking is unhealthy and its not cool at all. Please stop smoking now!”

参考答案与解析

（根据中国控烟协会的资料，大约有350,000,000中国人吸烟。其中有50，000,000是青少年。文章告诉我们吸烟有害健康，请戒烟。）

1. at。at the age of… 意为“在几岁时”。

2. so。由句意“姚明是唐最喜爱的明星，所以他的话对他意义重大”可知答案。

3. give。give up doing sth. 意为“放弃做某事”。

4. them。among 是介词，后用they 的宾格形式them。

5. sell。sell cigarettes to them 意为“卖给他们烟”。

6. easily。get sth. more easily 意为“更容易得到某物”。

7. for。It is + important + for sb. to do sth. 意为“对某人来说做某事是很重要的”。

8. parents。由句意可知他的父母是不吸烟的。

9. allow。由句意可知因为他们认为吸烟能使人得病，所以他们不允许他和吸烟的朋友在一起玩。

10. cool。look cool意为“看起来很酷”。

（二）

what, surprise, show, work, little, find, why, of, he, song, from, picture

Bill lives in a very far village. He knows 1 about the outside world because he hardly ever gets out of his village.

One day, he got a radio2 his uncle who lives in the city. He was very excited and3 the radio to all his friends.

“Great!” Sheela, one of his friends, said. “Could you please get one for me, too?” another friend Mashi asked. Of course Bill felt very proud 4 the radio.

However, the radio stopped 5 only a few days later. Bill was very sad but didnt know 6 to do. A friend of his told 7 to go to the repair shop in town. So he did. The man in the shop 8 two dead cockroach（蟑螂）in the radio.

Bill started crying. The man, of course, was surprised, “9 are you crying, my boy?” Bill said, “Because the two singers died in my radio. How am I going to listen to nice 10?”

参考答案与解析

（本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了农村孩子Bill的有趣故事。）

1. little。know little about sth.，对某物知之甚少，表示否定意义。根据下文... he hardly ever gets out of his village，他几乎不曾出村，可判断他对外面的世界了解很少，故填little。

2. from。get sth. from sb. 意为“从某人那儿得到某物”。

3. showed。根据后面的to和句意可定位show，另外，前句用了was，时态要与前面保持一致，故填showed。show sth.to sb. 意为“把某物给某人看”。

4. of。从上文比尔把收音机给朋友们看，可得知他对这个收音机感到很自豪，feel proud of sth. 意为“对某物感到自豪/骄傲”，故填of。

5. working。根据下文他去修理，可推知收音机坏了，故填working。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，表示停止正在做的事情。此处表示收音机坏了。

6. what。此处是know后跟动词不定式的用法，do后没有宾语，可知空格处即是它的宾语，根据语境可推知“他不知道该做什么”，故填what。

7. him。Bill是男生，此处缺少宾语，故填宾格him。

8. found。根据语境和首字母提示，可推测意为“找到、发现”，根据上文的时态可判断用过去时，故填found。

9. Why。根据下文的回答Because... 可知这是why引导的疑问句。故填Why。

10. songs。根据上文Because the two singers died in my radio.可推知他很伤心。“我以后怎么听美妙的歌曲呢？”故填songs，前面没有表示单数的限定词，故用复数形式。

（三）

know, luck, proud, take, problem, good, decide, he, work, still, child, interest

Martin Murray is a schoolboy and he is fifteen years old. He used to be a problem child. He used to give his mother many1. However, after his fathers death, Martins life became much more difficult. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her 2 education. She had to work, and so was often not at home.

His mother tried her best to look after him. Unfortunately, Martin still caused trouble. He was not3 in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. 4, his mother was very patient and didnt give up trying to help him. In the end, she made a difficult 5: to send him to a boys boarding school. Martin hated it and caused a lot of trouble. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time.

The head teacher said it was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this conversation changed his life.“It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “I 6 how much my mother had given me. She also told me that even though my father was not with us, he was watching me and would always take 7 in everything good I do. Thats when I decided to change.”

Now Martin has really changed. He8 hard and gets “As” in all subjects. He is now one of the 9 students in his class. His mother helps him to feel good about 10. and as he says, “Its very important for parents to be there for their children.”

参考答案与解析

（本文讲述了一个“问题孩子”在经历一些问题之后的转变过程，并告诉我们，父母应该多陪在孩子身边，这样对孩子的成长也是有好处的。）

1. problems。考查名词。本句意为：他过去常常给他妈妈带来许多麻烦。表示“问题、麻烦”应用problem，在这里应使用其复数形式，所以正确答案为problems。

2. childs。考查名词所有格。本句意为：她承担不起她孩子的上学费用。表示“孩子的”应用名词所有格，所以正确答案为childs。

3. interested。考查形容词。本句意为：他对学习不感兴趣。短语be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，所以正确答案为形容词interested。

4. Luckily。考查副词。本句意为：幸运地，他的母亲对他很有耐心，并没有放弃他。表示“幸运地”用luckily，在句首，首字母要大写，所以正确答案为Luckily。

5. decision。考查名词。本句意为：最后她做了一个艰难的决定。表示“做决定、下决心”用make a decision，此处为名词，并用其单数形式，所以正确答案为decision。

6. know。考查动词。本句意为：我知道我的妈妈为我付出的很多。表示“知道”用know，在这里用一般现在时，所以正确答案为know。

7. pride。考查动词短语。本句意为：他的父亲一直在关注他，并为他做的每一件好事而感到自豪。表示“对……感到自豪”用take pride in，短语中间应使用名词pride，所以正确答案为pride。

8. works。考查动词。本句意为：他努力学习，并在各科中得到了“A”。and前后并列动词短语时态保持一致，都用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，所以正确答案为works。

9. best。考查形容词。本句意为：他现在是班里最好的学生之一。表示“最好的”用形容good的最高级best，所以正确答案为best。

10. himself。考查代词。本句意为：他的妈妈帮他树立对自己的信心。表示“感到自信”用feel good about oneself，这里的代词用反身代词，所以正确答案为himself。

（四）

you, good, open, others, stop, happy, who, chance, grow, important, strong, which

There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real!

When the door of1 closes, another opens. But often we look so long at the closed that we dont see the one that has been 2 for us.

Dream what you want to dream, go where you want to go, be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one3 to do all the things you want to do.

May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough tests to make you4, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy. Always put yourself in 5 shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the other person, too.

The happiest people may not have the6 of everything. They just make the most of everything that comes along their way. Happiness lies for those who cry, those who hurt, those who have searched, and those who have tried, for only they can appreciate the 7 of people who have touched their lives.

Love begins with a smile,8 with a kiss and ends with a tear. The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you cant go on well in life until you let go of（放开）9 past failures and heartaches.

When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, youre the one 10 is smiling and everyone around you is crying.

参考答案与解析

（本文是一篇议论文，讲述了人们生活中的点点滴滴，告诫人们要真实地活着，要有梦想，要有爱，要微笑面对生活，讲述了一种积极向上的生活方式。）

1. happiness。句意为：幸福之门关闭时，另一扇门会打开。此处使用名词形式。

2. opened。句意为：可是我们经常会长时间地注视那扇关闭的门，以致忽视了那扇已经为我们打开的门。此处使用现在完成时的被动语态。

3. chance。句意为：因为你只有一次生命，一次机会做你想做的所有的事情。

4. strong。句意为：足够的考验使你坚强。

5. others。put oneself in others shoes意为“站在别人的立场”。

6. best。have the best of everything意为“拥有最好的一切”。

7. importance。此处应用名词importance。

8. grows。句意为：爱始于微笑，成长于亲吻，结束于眼泪。此处用第三人称单数形式。

9. your。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。

10. who。先行词为不定代词，在句中作主语，且表示人，故用who。

（五）

one, put, so, read, also, way, from, can, be, water, walk, what

One day, when Bill was 1 home from school, he heard a noise coming from the bushes（灌木）. He went over to see 2 it was. Behind a bush, he found a black dog. Bill went back home as soon as he 3 with the dog and showed her to his parents. Bills dad found that the dog had a broken leg, 4 they brought the dog to a doctor for animals by car. On the 5, Bills parents decided that Bill could keep the dog if they couldnt find the owner.

When they arrived, the doctor checked the dog. He told Bill that she 6 going to have babies! The next day, Bill 7 up signs like “FOUND DOG BLACK” around his neighborhood. He 8 wrote his familys phone number on the signs.

Two days later. Bill got a call 9 the owner of the dog. The owner thanked Bill.

When he came to pick up his dog, he said Bill could have 10 of the babies. Bill was very happy! Finally Bill got a baby dog from the owner. He named him Rosco and liked him very much.

参考答案与解析

（本文是一篇记叙文。小Bill在回家的路上救了一只受伤的小狗，并和父亲一起带小狗看了医生，得知小狗怀孕。回家后，Bill通过写招领启事帮小狗找到了主人，并得到了主人送的一只小狗。）

1. walking。此处表示动作的进行，而且是过去时间，故用过去进行时。

2. what。此处表示想要查看树后有什么东西，所缺单词在句中作宾语，故用what。

3. could。此处考查固定短语 as soon as he could（尽可能快地）。

4. so。由前句中a broken leg可知“小狗受伤”，此处看医生表示结果，故用so。

5. way。由下段首句“当他们到了医院”可知，此时他们应该是在路上，故用短语on the way。

6. was。此处表示将来,要用be going to 结构，主句told提示，此处应该用过去时态，故用was。

7. put。在社区周围应该是“张贴”招领启事，且是过去式，故用put up。

8. also。此处表示补充说明，也把家庭电话号码写到了上面，且位置在主谓之间，故用also。

9. from。此处表示来自某人，故用from。

10. one。由后句a baby dog可知，此处表示“他可以拥有一只小狗”。

（六）

so, start, easy, badly, someone, difficult, if, thank, class, reporter, medical, succeed

Proving Them Wrong!

Im John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital. During the first two years of high school, I found biology very 1. My report cards always said things like “must study harder” or “John shouldnt choose science 2.” It was really terrible for 3 who had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I lost confidence, so I left high school at sixteen and 4 working at a supermarket.

One evening I saw a documentary about Albert Einstein. According to the documentary, Einstein had done really 5 at school. I began to think that Einstein could 6, then I may have a chance, too. I didnt want to leave my job, 7 I decided to go to night school to finish high school. Two years later, I went to a 8 university.

Ive often thought I should contact the 9 of the Einstein documentary and 10 him. As for the biology teacher, I might contact her, too, one day — but not to thank her!

参考答案与解析

（梦想成为医生的“我”，由于生物学得不好，在老师一句“不适合学理科”评价下，“我”失去信心。然而在爱因斯坦成功事例的鼓舞下，“我”梦想成真。一句话可以成就一个人，也可以毁掉一个人。）

1. difficult。根据下文“成绩单总是写着‘应努力学习”可知生物对作者来说很难。

2. classes。句意为：不应选择理科。

3. someone。根据句意“对梦想成为医生的人来说很糟糕”得知答案。

4. started。根据上下文可以知道是离开学校之后开始在超市上班。

5. badly。根据文献知道爱因斯坦在学校曾经学习很糟。

6. succeed。爱因斯坦能成功，我可能还有机会。

7. so。考查连词。我不想丢掉工作，因此我决定上夜校。

8. medical。根据上文梦想成为医生，所以应为“上医学院”。

9. reporter。我应联系爱因斯坦文献的记者。

10. thank。我应联系爱因斯坦文献的记者并谢谢他。

（七）

keep, stop, different, pass, who, weigh, journey, whether, she, little, protect, happily

Long, long ago, an Indian walked to the temple for pilgrimage（朝圣）. The 1 was long and the mountain road was hard to walk. So though he carried little baggage, he still walked hard. Just in front of him, he saw a little girl, 2 than 10 years old, carrying a fat boy on her back and also moving on slowly. She breathed heavily and 3 sweating（流汗）, but her hands still firmly 4 the boy on her back.

When5 by the little girl, the Indian said to her, “My girl, you must be very tired because what you carry is so heavy!” Hearing this, the little girl said 6, “What you carry is a weight , but what I carry is not a weight. He is my little brother.”

It is true, on the scale（天平）, 7 it is a brother or a burden（负担）, there is no 8, for it will show the actual weight, but for a heart, what the little girl said is right : what she carried was 9 little brother, not a weight, for the burden was the weight. She loved her little brother from the heart.

Love has no10, so love is not a burden but the happy solicitude（牵挂）and selfless devotion（奉献）.

参考答案与解析

（本文讲述了一个朝圣者在路上碰到一个背着小男孩的小女孩，两个人都背负东西在路上前行，却有不同的心理感受。通过小女孩的话我们知道爱的伟大。）

1. journey。考查名词。句意为：旅途漫长，山路崎岖难行。

2. less。考查形容词比较级。less than意为“少于、不超过”。

3. kept。考查动词。keep doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”。

4. protected。考查动词。句意为：她的手仍然紧紧地保护着背上的孩子。

5. passing。考查非谓语动词。连词后接动词ing形式。

6. unhappily。考查副词。修饰动词用副词。句意为：听到这句话，小女孩不高兴地说道。

7. whether。考查连词。whether… or… 意为“不管是……还是……”。

8. difference。考查名词。句意为：无论是兄弟还是负担在天平上都没有差别。different的名词形式为difference。

9. her。考查物主代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。句意为：她所背的是她的小弟弟而不是负担。

10. weight。考查名词。句意为：爱没有重量。weigh的名词形式为weight。

（八）

much, nature, protect, from, kill, opinion, another, us, waste, serious, sell, to

Environment is such an important topic that more and more people are talked about it. It is necessary to 1 our environment because it helps keep us 2 suffering any disasters in the nature.

How to protect our environment? 3 scientists have been discussing this topic all over the world. In my 4, on the one hand, we need to care about wildlife and our 5 resources. Some people keep hunting wild animals and 6 them for food and clothes. At the same time, our human being have been affected by these wild animals diseases. Businessmen keep their industries develop so that many pollutants（污染物） have been released to the air and water. The pollution does 7 harm to our normal lives. On the 8 hand, we need to save our water. I often see people 9 a lot of water every day. They dont know that our natural resources are so limited with huge growing population.

The government has begun to take measures to fight against pollution. But there is still a long way to go. We should take care of our earth and try our best to protect it, not only for 10.

In conclusion, protecting our environment needs everybody to take responsibility. Let us do it from now on to create our healthy living environment.

参考答案与解析

（环境问题一直以来是大家非常关注的一个话题，环境对每一个人来说都很重要，保护环境也是每一个人的职责所在。目前，环境问题日益严重，政府和广大人民群众都在采取措施保护我们生存的环境。）

1. protect。考查句型“Its +形容词+to do sth.”。

2. from。keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止或者防止某人做某事。

3. Many。空的后面有个scientists，所以要用many修饰可数名词复数。much修饰不可数名词。

4. opinion。考查固定搭配in ones opinion（在某人看来、以某人的观点）。

5. natural。形容词修饰名词。表示“自然资源”用natural resources。

6. killing。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”。空前有一个and，所以hunting和killing并列。

7. seriously。副词修饰动词。修饰动词harm得用副词而不能用形容词。

8. other。第二段第二行有一个on the one hand和此空是习惯搭配。表示“一方面……另一方面”。

9. waste。“see （watch, find, notice, hear） +sb. + 动词原形”，表示看见动作的全过程。

10. ourselves。表示“我们自己”，用反身代词，并且用复数形式。所以用ourselves。

（九）

well , soft, second ,better , may ,strongly, afraid, sand , stay, if, now, house

We cant stop an earthquake, but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy whole cities. First, it is not a 1 idea to build houses along lines where 2 of the earths plates（板块）join together. Second, if you think there 3 be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks, not on 4. Third, you must make the houses as 5 as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6 up.

Scientists are 7 that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco（旧金山）. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more 8. The population in and around San Francisco is 9 ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10 there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.

参考答案与解析

（这是一篇科普类文章，主要讲了地震的相关常识。不能把房子建在地震带上，应该建在结实的岩石上面，并且要建得结实一些。科学家们对今后也许会再发生的地震表示担忧。）

1.good。依句型这里需要形容词，看全文应是“好”。

2.two。文章一开始就说，我们虽然不能阻止地震，但可以采取措施减少地震对城市的破坏程度。如果那样的话，那么在地球板块与板块交界的地方建造房屋肯定不是好主意。

3. may。在这里表示猜测、假设，意思是“可能”。

4. sand。“沙地”与前面的rocks 一词对应。这句话是说，如果你认为某个地方可能要发生地震，最好是将房屋建在地质比较坚硬的地带，而不能建在地质松的地带。

5. strong。除地质条件外，将房屋建得strong（牢固）些，也是减轻地震灾害的一项重要措施。

6. stay。在这里是“站立、矗立”的意思，与前面的 fall down 一词相对应。

7.afraid。因为旧金山这个城市就建在太平洋板块与美洲大陆板块交界的地带（环太平洋地震带），所以说科学家们感到“担心、害怕”。

8.houses。科学家们感到担心和害怕，但是那里的人还在那里建造房屋，这正好与前面说的减轻地震灾害的方法相反。

9.now。与后面的1906年相对比。

10.if。文章最后小结提出假设：一旦有一天发生地震，许多房屋和建筑将被摧毁。

（十）

job, get, chance, four, why, live, easy, take, honest, good, order, come

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Im here today to share a good lesson with you. It is a true story about an overseas student 1 in Germany.

After years of hard work, this student graduated with amazing achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good2 easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even given the 3 for an interview! The third time he was refused, he couldnt help telephoning the company to ask 4 they didnt want him. The answer was simple. “We dont offer jobs to 5 people in Germany.”

What was wrong, you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was 6 to skip buying subway tickets. So in 7 to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway 8 times.

From this story, we learn that we may get shortterm benefits in dishonest ways, but the truth will 9 out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the 10 rule.

Thats all for my speech. Thank you!

参考答案与解析

（这是一篇演讲稿，通过一个生动的例子告诉大家一个道理：我们可以用不诚实的方式获取短期的利益，但迟早会真相大白，并且要为此付出高昂的代价。诚实才是上策。）

1. living。现在分词作定语，修饰 student。

2. job。前一句说该学生取得了惊人的成绩，都认为他能有一份好工作（job）和光明的未来。

3. chance。句意：他甚至没有被给予面试的机会。

4. why。why引导的宾语从句表示原因。

5. dishonest。由下文知那个学生曾四次被抓逃票，所以是不诚实的。

6. easy。句意：……发现逃票很容易。句型“It is +adj.+to do sth.”。

7.order。句意：……为了节省钱，他经常逃票。

8. four。four times 意为“四次”。注意用基数词。

9. come。the truth will come out意为“将会真相大白”。

10. best。honesty is the best rule意为“诚实才是上策”。注意the后的最高级形式。