高血压并房颤与同型半胱氨酸、踝臂指数的相关性

2014-11-10 05:20孙国锋陈图刚谭维羚等
中国医学创新 2014年29期
关键词:心房颤动高血压

孙国锋+陈图刚+谭维羚+等

【摘要】 目的:探讨高血压患者心房颤动(AF)发作与血同型半胱氨酸、踝臂指数的相关性。方法:将120例老年原发性高血压病患者按照有无合并AF发作分为两组:AF组为合并AF发作组65例;对照组为不合并AF发作(窦性心律组)55例,分别做血清同型半胱氨酸浓度和踝臂指数的检测,比较两组血清同型半胱氨酸水平、踝臂指数的高低。结果:高血压并AF组血清同型半胱氨酸浓度明显高于窦性心律组,踝臂指数小于窦性心律组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高血压患者并AF发作有更高的血清同型半胱氨酸水平和更低的踝臂指数。

【关键词】 高血压; 心房颤动; 血同型半胱氨酸; 踝臂指数

高血压患者并发心房颤动(AF)是发生脑卒中的常见原因之一,探讨高血压房颤的机制具有重要的临床意义。曾有研究认为,AF的发生可能与遗传因素、离子通道和电生理特性异常有关[1-2]。现有研究表明,出生体重、肾功能和收缩、舒张压对AF的发生和发展都有一定的影响[3-5]。且收缩压比舒张压能更好地预测AF的发生。甚至有研究表明对非高血压患者来说,收缩压也和AF的发生独立相关[5]。

同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)是一种含硫氨基酸。有研究表明,血浆Hcy是动脉粥样硬化性疾病的独立危险因素[6]。踝臂指数(ABI)是指踝部动脉收缩压和肱动脉收缩压的比值。正常ABI值在0.91~1.3之间,低于或等于0.9认为是外周动脉硬化的证据。ABI被认为是心血管事件如脑卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、死亡率的独立预测因素[7-9]。本文探讨高血压患者AF发作与血清同型半胱氨酸水平和踝臂指数的相关性。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 随机入选2012年1月-2014年1月在本院心内科住院治疗的老年(60岁以上)原发性高血压患者120例,年龄60~82岁,平均(70.18±6.35)岁,按照有无合并AF发作分为两组:AF组为伴有AF发作65例;对照组为不合并AF即窦性心律组55例。两组患者的年龄、性别等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。高血压诊断符合2010年中国高血压防治指南高血压诊断标准,除外继发性高血压等疾病。

1.2 方法 血Hcy测定:患者清晨空腹采集肘正中静脉血,送本院生化实验室自动分析仪检测血Hcy,参考值范围5.0~15.0 μmol/L。踝臂指数测定:左右两侧ABI各测量3次,取其平均值[11]。双侧下肢ABI均需测量,取最高的踝部收缩压除以同侧胫后动脉和足背动脉收缩压,选用最低的ABI值用于分析。

1.3 统计学处理 采用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行统计学分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,两组间均数比较采用t检验,高血压房颤和Hcy、ABI相关性分析应用Pearson 检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组高血压患者血Hcy和ABI水平比较 AF组患者血Hcy平均为(11.07±5.09)μmol/L,明显高于窦性心律组的(8.42±2.37)μmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AF组患者ABI平均为(0.86±0.19),明显低于窦性心律的(1.10±0.15),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

2.2 相关性分析 高血压并发房颤患者与Hcy呈正相关(r=0.43,P<0.05),与ABI水平呈负相关(r=-0.39,P<0.05) 。

3 讨论

本研究发现,合并AF组的患者血Hcy明显高于对照组血Hcy,差异具有统计学意义。在高血压患者中,血Hcy越高,AF发生率也越高。自1969年Mccully首次提出Hcy是动脉粥样硬化重要的潜在致病因素以来,Hcy与高血压的关系日益受到重视。

近年大量研究表明,高Hcy与心血管疾病有着密切的关系,特别是高血压合并高Hcy者危害更大[11]。高Hcy可以损伤血管内皮细胞,促进血管平滑肌细胞增殖或凋亡,影响脂质代谢。高Hcy血症高血压易导致AF的发作。高血压并发AF和高Hcy血症之间关系密切。故在此类患者中,服用他汀类药物或适当补充B族维生素,降低血Hcy水平,可以改善心血管患者高危人群的内皮功能[12],从而降低高血压并AF患者脑卒中发生的危险。

从高血压患者并发AF与ABI关系研究中发现,合并AF组的患者血清ABI为(0.86±0.19),明显低于对照组的(1.10±0.15),差异具有统计学意义。提示有房颤的高血压患者的ABI明显比无房颤的高血压患者的ABI数值要低(P<0.05)。

有研究表明,心血管疾病的预后在有房颤的患者中比无房颤的患者更差[10]。还有研究表明,有房颤的心血管病患者相比无房颤的患者来说,更易有低ABI和PAD的可能性[10]。

据相关研究报道,ABI是一个独立的未来心血管事件的独立预测因素,ABI评估和相关的治疗也许对预防未来进一步的心血管事件有很大的影响[13-14]。

德国Lange等[15]在一个周期一年的前瞻性队列研究中表明,有着低ABI的患者全因死亡的风险增加,低ABI与高Hcy水平联合检测有助于鉴别出高危患者。ABI与Hcy联合检测对高血压并房颤患者可以较好地预测脑卒中的发生风险。

参考文献

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[2]陈灏珠 心房颤动诊断与治疗的进展和展望[J].中国实用内科杂志,2006,26(2):82-85.endprint

[3] David Conen Birth. Weight is a significant risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2010, 122(8): 764-770.

[4] Alvaro Alons. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study[J].Circulation, 2011, 123(25): 2946-2953.

[5] David Conen. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women[J].Circulation, 2009 ,119(16): 2146-2152.

[6] Tayama J,Munakata M,Yoshinaga K,et al.Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations associated with more advanced systemic arterial stiffness and greater blood pressure response to stress in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertens Res,2006,9(6):403-409.

[7] Bhatt D L, Wilson P W, DAgostino R Sr, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. One year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA,2007,297(11):1197-1206.

[8] Mkenna M, Wolson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1991,87(45):119-128.

[9] Gallego P, Roldán V, Marín F, et al. Ankle brachial index as an independent predictor of mortality in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation[J]. European Journal of Clinical Investigation,2012,42(12):1302–1308.

[10] Edita Ma?anauskien?, Albinas Naud?iūnas. Comparison of Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation[J]. Medicina (Kaunas),2011,47(12):641-645.

[11] Bogdanski P, Ewa Milller-Kasprzak E, Pupek-Musialik D, et al. Homocysteine,atherosclerosis, and endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2012,50(78):1107-1113.

[12] Wustmann,K, Marco,B, Annika, et al. Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics,2012,30(46):1755-5922.

[13] Belch J J, Topol E J, Agnelli G, et al. Critical issues in peripheral arterial disease detection and management[J]. Arch Inter Med,2003,163(8):884-892.

[14] Hirsch A T, Criqui M H, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care[J]. JAMA,2001,286(11):1317-1324.

[15] Lange S, TrampischaH J,Haberlb R,et al. Excess 1-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 178(2): 351-357.

(收稿日期:2014-03-10) (本文编辑:陈丹云)endprint

[3] David Conen Birth. Weight is a significant risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2010, 122(8): 764-770.

[4] Alvaro Alons. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study[J].Circulation, 2011, 123(25): 2946-2953.

[5] David Conen. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women[J].Circulation, 2009 ,119(16): 2146-2152.

[6] Tayama J,Munakata M,Yoshinaga K,et al.Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations associated with more advanced systemic arterial stiffness and greater blood pressure response to stress in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertens Res,2006,9(6):403-409.

[7] Bhatt D L, Wilson P W, DAgostino R Sr, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. One year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA,2007,297(11):1197-1206.

[8] Mkenna M, Wolson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1991,87(45):119-128.

[9] Gallego P, Roldán V, Marín F, et al. Ankle brachial index as an independent predictor of mortality in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation[J]. European Journal of Clinical Investigation,2012,42(12):1302–1308.

[10] Edita Ma?anauskien?, Albinas Naud?iūnas. Comparison of Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation[J]. Medicina (Kaunas),2011,47(12):641-645.

[11] Bogdanski P, Ewa Milller-Kasprzak E, Pupek-Musialik D, et al. Homocysteine,atherosclerosis, and endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2012,50(78):1107-1113.

[12] Wustmann,K, Marco,B, Annika, et al. Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics,2012,30(46):1755-5922.

[13] Belch J J, Topol E J, Agnelli G, et al. Critical issues in peripheral arterial disease detection and management[J]. Arch Inter Med,2003,163(8):884-892.

[14] Hirsch A T, Criqui M H, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care[J]. JAMA,2001,286(11):1317-1324.

[15] Lange S, TrampischaH J,Haberlb R,et al. Excess 1-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 178(2): 351-357.

(收稿日期:2014-03-10) (本文编辑:陈丹云)endprint

[3] David Conen Birth. Weight is a significant risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2010, 122(8): 764-770.

[4] Alvaro Alons. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study[J].Circulation, 2011, 123(25): 2946-2953.

[5] David Conen. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women[J].Circulation, 2009 ,119(16): 2146-2152.

[6] Tayama J,Munakata M,Yoshinaga K,et al.Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations associated with more advanced systemic arterial stiffness and greater blood pressure response to stress in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertens Res,2006,9(6):403-409.

[7] Bhatt D L, Wilson P W, DAgostino R Sr, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. One year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA,2007,297(11):1197-1206.

[8] Mkenna M, Wolson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1991,87(45):119-128.

[9] Gallego P, Roldán V, Marín F, et al. Ankle brachial index as an independent predictor of mortality in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation[J]. European Journal of Clinical Investigation,2012,42(12):1302–1308.

[10] Edita Ma?anauskien?, Albinas Naud?iūnas. Comparison of Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation[J]. Medicina (Kaunas),2011,47(12):641-645.

[11] Bogdanski P, Ewa Milller-Kasprzak E, Pupek-Musialik D, et al. Homocysteine,atherosclerosis, and endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2012,50(78):1107-1113.

[12] Wustmann,K, Marco,B, Annika, et al. Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics,2012,30(46):1755-5922.

[13] Belch J J, Topol E J, Agnelli G, et al. Critical issues in peripheral arterial disease detection and management[J]. Arch Inter Med,2003,163(8):884-892.

[14] Hirsch A T, Criqui M H, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care[J]. JAMA,2001,286(11):1317-1324.

[15] Lange S, TrampischaH J,Haberlb R,et al. Excess 1-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 178(2): 351-357.

(收稿日期:2014-03-10) (本文编辑:陈丹云)endprint

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