绿色农业产地环境的生态补偿政策绩效评价

2015-01-13 00:05邓远建肖锐严立冬
中国人口·资源与环境 2015年1期
关键词:生态补偿绩效评价

邓远建+肖锐+严立冬

摘要

安全的产地环境为绿色农产品生产和绿色农业可持续发展奠定了良好的物质基础,是保证消费者食品安全的源头。农业生态补偿是通过综合利用行政、法律、经济等手段,对造成农业生态环境污染、农业生态破坏的个人和组织的负外部性行为进行收费(税),对恢复、维持和增强农业生态系统服务功能做出贡献的个人和组织的正外部性行为给予经济补偿的一种制度。为了了解区域绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策的实施效果,本文以武汉市重要的农产品生产和供应基地东西湖区为例,运用层次分析法与模糊综合分析法,以生态价值、经济价值和社会价值为价值取向,构建了包括职能指标、效益指标、潜力指标3个一级指标,10个二级指标和39个三级指标体系,对东西湖区农业生态补偿政策实施绩效进行评价。评价结果表明,东西湖区在实施绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策前后效益变化分值差都在30以上,最低变化值为31.42,最高变化值为59.75。其中,政策目的设计、政策战略规划、政策反馈指标、经济效益、生态效益、社会效益和行政组织建设等方面的变化值都在50以上,政策实施管理指标、资源利用、农业生态补偿技术的变化值都在30以上。由此可以看出,绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策发挥了一定的作用,但还有进一步提升空间。为此,要加强绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策实施管理,提高绿色农业产地环境生态资本利用效率,提升绿色农业产地环境生态补偿技术水平。

关键词绿色农业产地环境;生态补偿;绩效评价;东西湖区

中图分类号F323.22,F062.2

文献标识码A

文章编号1002-2104(2015)01-0120-07

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2015.01.017

绿色农业产地环境是指进行绿色农业生产活动区域内的土壤、水、大气等自然环境条件的具体状况。绿色农业产地环境安全与否直接关系到生产出的农产品是否符合绿色农产品要求。安全的生态环境,尤其是产地环境为发展绿色农业奠定了物质基础,生态环境的良性自演替会适合更高级别绿色农产品的生产[1]。与传统农业和常规农业相比,发展绿色农业对生态环境的标准要求更高。针对绿色农业发展的这一要求和产地环境现状,通过农业生态补偿政策调整引导农民采取“生态友好型”生产方式,更有效地实现激励——抑制效应[2],是实现绿色农业产地环境保护的有效途径。从目前国内外生态补偿与农业生态补偿研究现状来看,主要集中在对农业生态补偿的内涵界定与补偿实践效果分析[3],补偿机制建立与政策支持[4],补偿主客体的确定与激励制度[5],补偿标准核算及补偿方式选择[6-7]等方面。运用的研究方法主要是在借鉴国外相关成果的基础上,将定性研究与定量推算、理论研究与实证分析相结合。未来研究的重要趋势和方向是从新方法突破、空间优选拓展和补偿绩效评估等方面加以深化[8]。鉴于此,本文选取武汉市重要的绿色农产品供应基地——东西湖区作为研究区域,运用层次分析法与模糊综合分析法,构建了包括职能指标、效益指标、潜力指标3个一级指标,10个二级指标和39个三级指标体系,客观评价其绿色农业生态补偿政策的实施绩效,为进一步完善绿色农业产地环境生态补偿机制与政策提供参考。

1研究区域

1.1东西湖区地理区位

东西湖区隶属于湖北省武汉市,地处长江左岸,武汉市的西北部,汉江、汉北河及府环河汇合之处。东西湖区位于北纬30°34′-30°47′,东经113°53′-114°30′之间,是古云梦泽的一部分。1958年,由汉阳、黄陂、孝感、汉川部分地区组成。全境东西长38 km,南北宽22.5 km,总面积499.71 km2。东西湖区先后获得了省级农村党的建设“三级联创”先进区、省级“两型”社会改革试验示范区。东西湖区地貌属岗边湖积平原,四周高、中间低,状如盆碟,自西向东倾斜;属北亚热带季风气候区,光照充足,雨量充沛,水源丰富,四季分明。因此,东西湖区农业生产条件良好,是武汉市的重要农产品供应基地。2002年,东西湖区被确定为全国生态示范建设试点地区。2005年,东西湖区经国家发改委和环境保护部(当时为环保总局)批准,成为中国第一批循环经济试点之一。

1.2东西湖区农业生态环境问题

在绿色农业生态补偿政策和措施实施前,东西湖区的农业生产还存在诸多不足。武汉市卫生防疫站曾在市场购得小白菜样品53份进行检测,有机氯检出率达100%。菜农自主种植经营,控制农药污染的难度大大增加。有的菜农在经济利益驱动下,盲目加大使用化学农药的剂量,违章使用高毒、高残留农药,增加了病虫害的抗药性,使农药施用量不断加大,从而带来了严重后果。通过对东西湖区稻米中有机氯农药残留量进行监测分析,发现稻谷的六六六残留量最高,其平均值超过国家标准0.9倍,超标率达54%,样本最高达1.324 mg/kg,超过国家标准4.4倍。在东西湖区的农业生产中,有机肥仍受到冷落,施用量相对较低。有机肥施用的比例由20世纪60年代的9∶1下降到3∶7,土壤中有机质含量以6‰的速度递减,在化学肥料大量施用同时,放弃了有机肥的施用,每年大量宝贵的粪肥资源流失到江河湖泊,造成不同程度的水源污染。上述农业生态环境问题,给东西湖区绿色农业产地环境造成了一定影响,给消费者的食品安全也造成不同程度的危害。

邓远建等:绿色农业产地环境的生态补偿政策绩效评价

中国人口·资源与环境2015年第1期

1.3东西湖区生态补偿政策措施

为了消除产地生态环境问题对绿色农产品生产的负面影响,东西湖区加大了生态补偿力度,大力实施生态农业工程、湖泊修复工程、耕地保护工程等绿色农业生态补偿政策措施,一定程度上改善了农村能源结构,保护了农业生态环境,实现了政府、企业、农民共赢局面,促进了区域生态、经济和社会效益的有机统一,提升了绿色农业产地环境质量水平。

1.3.1生态农业工程

在生态农业工程方面,一是推广农业“三品”生产。目前,东西湖区已形成了无公害食品、绿色食品、有机食品三级基地建设网络。如慈惠农场有机蔬菜基地面积200亩,年产有机蔬菜300 t,并注册了“尚原堂”商标,建立了有机蔬菜包装二维条码产品质量追溯系统,提高了品牌意识和质量保障。二是建设生态农庄。如在东山建设了100亩生态农庄,2万头生猪养殖沼气工程,实现沼气、沼渣、沼液全部综合利用,形成“猪——沼——电——果——游”循环农业示范园,同时制定相关政策,给农民提供资金和技术等方面的补偿。三是倡导生态种植。推广“蛙——稻”、“鸭——稻”种植模式,形成“稻——虫——蛙(鸭)——稻”的天然食物链,既生产出无污染、高品质的农产品,又减少了农药的施用量,还可增加副产品的收入。四是发展生态养殖。推广健康(标准化)养殖、生态养殖、清洁养殖,设置养殖水源净化区、生态养殖区及养殖废水处理区等三个功能区,减少牲畜粪便对水环境的污染。

1.3.2湖泊修复工程

在湖泊修复工程方面,一是退田还湖。通过平退,可以保持自然植被,防止湖区水土流失,减缓泥沙沉淀的速度;解决农民耕种时施加的农药、化肥等污染问题;通过生态修复,恢复天然湖滨带,绿化美化了湖岸景观,拦截净化了入湖污染,提高了湖泊自净能力,为全湖性水生生态的恢复创造了良好条件。目前,东西湖区计划实施3.9万亩退田还湖工程,纳入绿色农业生态补偿整体设计。还湖工程会收回大量农田、鱼塘,就必然与当地农户的利益产生冲突。生态补偿工程通过专项资金给予农户直接资金补偿,且提供技术支持提高生产率,保证农户的收入水平稳步提高,从而确保退田还湖工程的可持续推进。二是生态清淤。生态清淤涉及对湖泊水质进行净化、对过境河道进行疏浚沟通,是东西湖区水生态环境补偿的一项重要工作,是减轻东西湖污染负荷的有效措施。

1.3.3耕地保护工程

在耕地保护工程方面,一是进行耕地数量保护。东西湖区人口较为密集,人均耕地数相对较少。近年来,武汉城市化进程加快发展,飞速扩张的工业用地挤占了大量的优质农田,农业耕地保护形势严峻。为此,东西湖区制定了基本农田保护区规划,以土地详查数为基础,全面完成划定基本农田保护区,以对城镇建设规模形成有效控制。在保证耕地数量不减少的同时,主动出击,设法增加耕地供应,实施“工业向园区集中,农民向集镇集中”战略。二是耕地质量保护。具体措施包括:①广辟有机肥源,增加土壤有机质投入。如大力发展健康畜牧养殖业,不仅可提供优质粪肥,还可开发利用菌菇渣肥,每亩增加菌渣肥1 t以上。②实行统测统配,合理施用化肥。在全区推广了测土配方施肥和平衡施肥技术,根据不同作物的生育特点和需肥规律以及不同土壤的供肥能力,实行化肥统测统配统供模式,改过去的单供氮肥为氮、磷、钾、锌、硼、硅等全面合理配比施用,使化肥总用量逐年下降,土壤营养元素逐步趋向平衡。

2评价指标体系构建

随着绿色农业发展、湖泊修复、耕地保护等生态补偿政策的逐步推行,东西湖区绿色农业产地环境质量不断得到提升。为了客观评价绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策的实施效果,本文在充分遵循可行性、层次性、系统性、及时性、阶段性、动态性等原则的基础上,构建绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策绩效评价指标体系,并将评价指标分为三层,由职能指标、效益指标、潜力指标3个一级指标,10个二级指标和39个三级指标构成[9-10]。当然,其他部门或地方在具体应用时可以考虑其实际情况进行增减。具体内容见表1。

职能指标是针对职能绩效进行测量的指标,是政府在其职能范围内所表现出的绩效水平。它检验的是政府生态环境管理的基本职能,是绩效指标体系的主体,可以从绿色农业产地环境生态补偿法规制定、生态补偿实施管理、生态补偿意识宣传、生态补偿效能等方面来综合评价。其中,绿色农业产地环境生态补偿效能是评价行政机构履行生态补偿组织职责效率的重要指标,是行政机关管理水平的一种综合反映。

效益指标是测量绿色农业产地环境生态补偿效果以及对绿色农业生产和整个社会经济发展影响和贡献,具有间接性和根本性。这一指标直接考察绿色农业产地环境生态补偿反映在环境、社会和生活中的效果。绿色农业产地环境生态补偿的效益主要分为环境效益和经济、社会效益两方面,环境效益主要体现在大气、水、土壤、物种多样性等生态环境状况的改善,社会效益主要体现在对绿色农业生产的促进作用以及公众对环境保护的满意度等。

绿色农业产地环境绩效既体现在外部环境的变化上,同时也体现在其内部的管理和能力建设上,潜力指标反映的是绿色农业产地环境生态补偿的管理水平。它是履行生态补偿职能的基础,也是政府环境绩效持续改善的保证,因此,潜力指标在整个体系中也占有相当重要的地位。潜力指标主要包括生态、环保产业投资、生态补偿机构设置、生态补偿管理人员的交流和培训以及相关科研状况等。

3绩效评价

3.1确定指标权重

根据AHP法的递阶层次分析结构,设以O为比较准则,A层次各因素的两两比较判断矩阵为OA,类似地以Bi为比较准则,C层次各因素的两两比较判断矩阵为BiC。因此,得到14个比较判断矩阵,其中,OA比较判断矩

阵如表2所示,A1B、A2B、A3B、B1C、B2C、B3C、B4C、B5C、B6C、B7C、B8C、B9C、B10C与OA比较判断矩阵类似,限于篇幅不一一列出。

3.2确定层次单排序

形如表2所列出的判断矩阵,是针对上一层次而言进行两两评比的评定数据。层次单排序是把本层所有各元素对上一层来说,排出评比顺序,这就要在判断矩阵上进行计算,计算方法如下:

(1)计算判断矩阵每一行元素的乘积Mj,计算公式为:

Mj=∏nj=1bij(i=1,2....n)

(2)计算Mi的n次方根Wi:

Wi=nMi

(3)对向量W=[Wi,W2…Wn]T进行归一化处理:

Wi=Wi

∑nj=1Wi

则W=[W1,W2…Wn]T为所求的特征向量。

(4)计算判断矩阵的最大特征值λmax:

λmax=∑ni=1(AW)inWi

3.3进行一致性检验

为了保证应用层次分析法得到的结论合理化,还需要判断矩阵的一致性。这里引入一致性指标CI(Consistency Index)作为衡量不一致程度的数量标准。

CI=λmax-nn-1

,其中,

λmax

为判断矩阵的最大特征值。当判断矩阵的最大特征值稍大于n,称A具有满意的一致性,其量化标准为平均随机一致性指标,即RI值(见表3)。v

(3)分指标来看,在二级指标中,政策目的设计、政策战略规划、政策反馈指标、经济效益、生态效益、社会效益和行政组织建设等的变化值都在50以上;政策实施管理指标、资源利用、农业生态补偿技术的变化值都在30以上,其中,资源利用的变化值为48.475,接近50。这说明政策实施管理指标、资源利用、农业生态补偿技术是绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策的薄弱环节,也是完善绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策和机制的方向。

4.2对策建议

4.2.1加强绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策实施管理

绿色农业生态资本的投资效率低下,绿色农业生态资本的损失状况严重,这往往与缺乏有效的生态补偿管理政策存在密切关联。制定有效的生态资本投资和生态补偿管理政策,就能优化绿色农业产地环境建设的投资结构和投资主体,这对解决绿色农业产地环境的生态问题有积极的作用。为此,在完善区域绿色农业生态补偿政策过程中,要充分考虑农户的生态利益诉求,协调好企业和消费者的利益,加强生态补偿政策实施的管理,构建生态文化创新、生态技术创新、生态制度创新三位一体的绿色农业产地环境生态补偿绩效创新管理体制,进一步完善绿色农业产地环境生态补偿机制与政策。

4.2.2提高绿色农业产地环境生态资本利用效率

东西湖区绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策绩效达到了绿色农业生态资本在运营载体上的经济发展、生态环境和社会环境影响等方面均衡的状态,一定程度上实现了绿色农业生态资本积累的目标和要求,为绿色农产品生产提供了生态条件支撑。[11]但也应该看到,产地环境还存在绿色农业生态资本利用率偏低的问题,因此,要继续大力实施生态(绿色)农业工程、湖泊修复工程和耕地保护工程,并进一步加大农业面源污染治理力度,保护好绿色农业产地气候环境,提高绿色农业生态资本利用效率[12]。

4.2.3提升绿色农业产地环境生态补偿技术水平

生态补偿技术是健全生态补偿机制和网络体系的重要一环。提升绿色农业产地环境的生态补偿技术水平,首先要求大力推广资源节约型与环境友好型绿色农业技术,比如耕地节肥,农作物节药、节水等技术的采用,推广农业生产清洁化,鼓励农户将畜禽粪便进行资源化处理和利用,控制过量使用化肥、农药,从而减少农业面源污染,推行农村垃圾的集中处理,控制农村点源污染。同时,要进一步明确生态补偿的主体和客体,确定合理的生态补偿标准体系,加强生态补偿资金的使用与管理,探索多种生态补偿方式和途径,增强生态补偿的针对性,进而建立绿色农业产地环境建设的长效补偿机制。

(编辑:田红)

参考文献(Reference)

[1]崔元锋,屈志光.绿色农业产地生态环境安全与污染控制[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2008,(6):31-33.[Cui Yuanfeng, Qu Zhiguang. Environment Security and Pollution Control in Green Agricultural Producing Areas[J].Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, 2008,(6):31-33.]

[2]王艳秀,王洪会.促进绿色农业发展的对策:基于生态补偿视角[J].江南论坛,2012,(6):14-15.[Wang Yanxiu, Wang Honghui. Countermeasures to Promote the Development of Green Agriculture: Based on the Perspective of Ecological Compensation [J]. Jiangnan Forum, 2012,(6):14-15.]

[3]王欧,宋洪远.建立农业生态补偿机制的探讨[J].农业经济问题,2005,(6):22-28.[Wang Ou, Song Hongyuan. Discussion on the Compensation Mechanism of Agriculture [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2005,(6): 22-28.]

[4]孙才志,马国栋,汤玮佳.基于虚拟资源—生态要素流动视角的中国农业生态补偿机制研究[J].水利经济,2013,31(6):1-12.[Sun Caizhi, Ma Guodong, Tang Weijia. Chinas Agricultural Ecological Compensation Mechanism from Perspective of Virtual Resources and Ecological Factor Flows [J]. Journal of Economics of Water Resources, 2013, 31(6): 1-12.]

[5]Robert Home, Oliver Balmer, Ingrid Jahrl, Matthias Stolze, Lukas Pfiffner. Motivations for Implementation of Ecological Compensation Areas on Swiss Lowland Farms[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2014, 34: 26-36.

[6]汪霞,南忠仁,郭奇.干旱区绿洲农田土壤污染生态补偿标准测算[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):46-52 [Wang Xia, Nan Zhongren, Guo Qi. Calculation of the Compensation Criteria for Ecological Restoration of the Contaminated Arid Oasis Soil [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(12): 46-52.]

[7]庞爱萍,孙涛.基于生态需水保障的农业生态补偿标准[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2550-2560.[Pang Aiping, Sun Tao.A Method of Determining Standards for Ecological Compensation in Agricultural AreasGiving Priority to Environmental Flows in Water Allocation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(8): 2550-2560.]

[8]严立冬,田苗,何栋材,等.农业生态补偿研究进展与展望[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3615-3625.[Yan Lidong, Tian Miao,He Dengcai et al. Progress and Prospect in Research of Ecological Compensation for Agriculture [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(17): 3615-3625]

[9]严立冬,邓远建,乔长涛,等.湖北省环境保护与生态补偿政策研究[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,2013.[Yan Lidong, Deng Yuanjian, Qiao Changtao, et al. Research on the Environmental Protection and Ecological Compensation Policies in Hubei Province [M]. Wuhan:Hubei Peoples Press, 2013]

[10]Marie A. Brown, Bruce D. Clarkson, Barry J. Barton, Chaitanya Joshi. Ecological Compensation: An Evaluation of Regulatory Compliance in New Zealand [J]. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 2013, 31 (1): 34-44.

[11]严立冬,邓远建,屈志光.绿色农业生态资本积累机制与政策研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):1046-1055.[Yan Lidong, Deng Yuanjian, Qu Zhiguang. Research on the Mechanism and Policies of the Green Agroecological Capital Accumulation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(5): 1046-1055.]

[12]IShin Chang, Jing Wu, Yanxia Yang, Mingmin Shi, Xiaochun Li. Ecological Compensation for Natural Resource Utilization in China [J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2014, 57 (2): 273-296.

Research on the Evaluation of Ecological Compensation Policies of

Green Agricultural Producing Areas: a Case in Dongxihu District in Wuhan

DENG YuanjianXIAO RuiYAN Lidong

(School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

AbstractThe security environment of the place of origin laid a good foundation for the green production and green agricultural sustainable development, and it is the source to ensure the consumers food safety. Agricultural ecological compensation is a system which charges for the negative externality behaviors of individuals and organizations which pollute agricultural ecological environment and agricultural ecology, and give economic compensation to those positive externalities behaviors of individuals and organizations which contribute to restoring, maintaining and strengthening the service function of agricultural ecosystem by using administrative, legal, economic means and other means comprehensively. To have a better understanding of these policies in green agriculture producing area, a case contains the big agricultural production and supply base in Dongxihu District is selected to evaluate the performance of these policies. With ecological value, economic value and social value as the value orientation, this paper applies AHP and fuzzy comprehensive analysis methods to build an evaluation system of the performances which contains three standards of function index, efficiency index and potential index on level 1, 10 standards on level 2 and 39 indexes on level 3. The conclusion is that the evaluation score of the performances raises almost 30 ranging from the minimum 31.24 to the maximum 59.75 with the adopting of the policies in the research area. Among them, the change of policy goal design, strategic planning, policy feedback index, economic effectiveness, ecological effectiveness, social effectiveness and the construction of administrative organization value is above 50; the change of policy management index, resource utilization, agricultural ecological compensation technology values is more than 30. Therefore, the ecological compensation policies do work effectively and an improving promotion is further needed. Relevant departments ought to strengthen the implementation management of environmental ecological compensation policy, improve the ecological capital using efficiency and enhance the level of ecological compensation of agricultural technology in green agricultural areas.

Key wordsenvironment in green agricultural producing areas; ecological compensation policies; evaluation of the policy performance; Dongxihu District

[5]Robert Home, Oliver Balmer, Ingrid Jahrl, Matthias Stolze, Lukas Pfiffner. Motivations for Implementation of Ecological Compensation Areas on Swiss Lowland Farms[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2014, 34: 26-36.

[6]汪霞,南忠仁,郭奇.干旱区绿洲农田土壤污染生态补偿标准测算[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):46-52 [Wang Xia, Nan Zhongren, Guo Qi. Calculation of the Compensation Criteria for Ecological Restoration of the Contaminated Arid Oasis Soil [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(12): 46-52.]

[7]庞爱萍,孙涛.基于生态需水保障的农业生态补偿标准[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2550-2560.[Pang Aiping, Sun Tao.A Method of Determining Standards for Ecological Compensation in Agricultural AreasGiving Priority to Environmental Flows in Water Allocation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(8): 2550-2560.]

[8]严立冬,田苗,何栋材,等.农业生态补偿研究进展与展望[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3615-3625.[Yan Lidong, Tian Miao,He Dengcai et al. Progress and Prospect in Research of Ecological Compensation for Agriculture [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(17): 3615-3625]

[9]严立冬,邓远建,乔长涛,等.湖北省环境保护与生态补偿政策研究[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,2013.[Yan Lidong, Deng Yuanjian, Qiao Changtao, et al. Research on the Environmental Protection and Ecological Compensation Policies in Hubei Province [M]. Wuhan:Hubei Peoples Press, 2013]

[10]Marie A. Brown, Bruce D. Clarkson, Barry J. Barton, Chaitanya Joshi. Ecological Compensation: An Evaluation of Regulatory Compliance in New Zealand [J]. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 2013, 31 (1): 34-44.

[11]严立冬,邓远建,屈志光.绿色农业生态资本积累机制与政策研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):1046-1055.[Yan Lidong, Deng Yuanjian, Qu Zhiguang. Research on the Mechanism and Policies of the Green Agroecological Capital Accumulation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(5): 1046-1055.]

[12]IShin Chang, Jing Wu, Yanxia Yang, Mingmin Shi, Xiaochun Li. Ecological Compensation for Natural Resource Utilization in China [J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2014, 57 (2): 273-296.

Research on the Evaluation of Ecological Compensation Policies of

Green Agricultural Producing Areas: a Case in Dongxihu District in Wuhan

DENG YuanjianXIAO RuiYAN Lidong

(School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

AbstractThe security environment of the place of origin laid a good foundation for the green production and green agricultural sustainable development, and it is the source to ensure the consumers food safety. Agricultural ecological compensation is a system which charges for the negative externality behaviors of individuals and organizations which pollute agricultural ecological environment and agricultural ecology, and give economic compensation to those positive externalities behaviors of individuals and organizations which contribute to restoring, maintaining and strengthening the service function of agricultural ecosystem by using administrative, legal, economic means and other means comprehensively. To have a better understanding of these policies in green agriculture producing area, a case contains the big agricultural production and supply base in Dongxihu District is selected to evaluate the performance of these policies. With ecological value, economic value and social value as the value orientation, this paper applies AHP and fuzzy comprehensive analysis methods to build an evaluation system of the performances which contains three standards of function index, efficiency index and potential index on level 1, 10 standards on level 2 and 39 indexes on level 3. The conclusion is that the evaluation score of the performances raises almost 30 ranging from the minimum 31.24 to the maximum 59.75 with the adopting of the policies in the research area. Among them, the change of policy goal design, strategic planning, policy feedback index, economic effectiveness, ecological effectiveness, social effectiveness and the construction of administrative organization value is above 50; the change of policy management index, resource utilization, agricultural ecological compensation technology values is more than 30. Therefore, the ecological compensation policies do work effectively and an improving promotion is further needed. Relevant departments ought to strengthen the implementation management of environmental ecological compensation policy, improve the ecological capital using efficiency and enhance the level of ecological compensation of agricultural technology in green agricultural areas.

Key wordsenvironment in green agricultural producing areas; ecological compensation policies; evaluation of the policy performance; Dongxihu District

[5]Robert Home, Oliver Balmer, Ingrid Jahrl, Matthias Stolze, Lukas Pfiffner. Motivations for Implementation of Ecological Compensation Areas on Swiss Lowland Farms[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2014, 34: 26-36.

[6]汪霞,南忠仁,郭奇.干旱区绿洲农田土壤污染生态补偿标准测算[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):46-52 [Wang Xia, Nan Zhongren, Guo Qi. Calculation of the Compensation Criteria for Ecological Restoration of the Contaminated Arid Oasis Soil [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(12): 46-52.]

[7]庞爱萍,孙涛.基于生态需水保障的农业生态补偿标准[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2550-2560.[Pang Aiping, Sun Tao.A Method of Determining Standards for Ecological Compensation in Agricultural AreasGiving Priority to Environmental Flows in Water Allocation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(8): 2550-2560.]

[8]严立冬,田苗,何栋材,等.农业生态补偿研究进展与展望[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3615-3625.[Yan Lidong, Tian Miao,He Dengcai et al. Progress and Prospect in Research of Ecological Compensation for Agriculture [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(17): 3615-3625]

[9]严立冬,邓远建,乔长涛,等.湖北省环境保护与生态补偿政策研究[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,2013.[Yan Lidong, Deng Yuanjian, Qiao Changtao, et al. Research on the Environmental Protection and Ecological Compensation Policies in Hubei Province [M]. Wuhan:Hubei Peoples Press, 2013]

[10]Marie A. Brown, Bruce D. Clarkson, Barry J. Barton, Chaitanya Joshi. Ecological Compensation: An Evaluation of Regulatory Compliance in New Zealand [J]. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 2013, 31 (1): 34-44.

[11]严立冬,邓远建,屈志光.绿色农业生态资本积累机制与政策研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):1046-1055.[Yan Lidong, Deng Yuanjian, Qu Zhiguang. Research on the Mechanism and Policies of the Green Agroecological Capital Accumulation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(5): 1046-1055.]

[12]IShin Chang, Jing Wu, Yanxia Yang, Mingmin Shi, Xiaochun Li. Ecological Compensation for Natural Resource Utilization in China [J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2014, 57 (2): 273-296.

Research on the Evaluation of Ecological Compensation Policies of

Green Agricultural Producing Areas: a Case in Dongxihu District in Wuhan

DENG YuanjianXIAO RuiYAN Lidong

(School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

AbstractThe security environment of the place of origin laid a good foundation for the green production and green agricultural sustainable development, and it is the source to ensure the consumers food safety. Agricultural ecological compensation is a system which charges for the negative externality behaviors of individuals and organizations which pollute agricultural ecological environment and agricultural ecology, and give economic compensation to those positive externalities behaviors of individuals and organizations which contribute to restoring, maintaining and strengthening the service function of agricultural ecosystem by using administrative, legal, economic means and other means comprehensively. To have a better understanding of these policies in green agriculture producing area, a case contains the big agricultural production and supply base in Dongxihu District is selected to evaluate the performance of these policies. With ecological value, economic value and social value as the value orientation, this paper applies AHP and fuzzy comprehensive analysis methods to build an evaluation system of the performances which contains three standards of function index, efficiency index and potential index on level 1, 10 standards on level 2 and 39 indexes on level 3. The conclusion is that the evaluation score of the performances raises almost 30 ranging from the minimum 31.24 to the maximum 59.75 with the adopting of the policies in the research area. Among them, the change of policy goal design, strategic planning, policy feedback index, economic effectiveness, ecological effectiveness, social effectiveness and the construction of administrative organization value is above 50; the change of policy management index, resource utilization, agricultural ecological compensation technology values is more than 30. Therefore, the ecological compensation policies do work effectively and an improving promotion is further needed. Relevant departments ought to strengthen the implementation management of environmental ecological compensation policy, improve the ecological capital using efficiency and enhance the level of ecological compensation of agricultural technology in green agricultural areas.

Key wordsenvironment in green agricultural producing areas; ecological compensation policies; evaluation of the policy performance; Dongxihu District

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