5 Infectious Disease

5 Infectious Disease

2015026 Cloning，exp ression and antigenic analysis of m erozoite surface p rotein MSPDBL2-dBL2 domain fromPlasmodium falciparum.YANG Mengjia（仰梦佳），et al.Biol&Basic Med Sci Sch，Soochow Univ，Suzhou 215123.Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：357-360.

ObjectiveTo clone and express the DBL domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein MSPDBL2（DBL2），and investigate its antigenicity.M ethodsThe DBL2 fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET28a vector.The recombinant pET28a-DBL2 plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21（DE3）and protein expression was induced by IPTG.The expressed productwas purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography，and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.ResultsDBL2 gene fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein MSPDBL2（950 bp）was obtained by PCR.The recombinant pET28a-DBL2 plasmid was identified by PCR，double enzyme digestion，and DNA sequencing.The recombinant DBL2 protein was expressed in an inclusion body form with Mr340 000 after being induced with IPTG.Moreover，the purified recombinant DBL2 protein was recognized by sera from patientswith falciparum malaria.ConclusionThe recombinant pET28a-DBL2 plasmid has been constructed.The purified rDBL2 protein shows adequate antigenicity.

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2015027 Interaction between Toxoplasma GRA7 dense granu le p rotein and the p rotein from hostm acrophages.XUE Feng（薛峰），et al.Beijing Tropical Med Res Instit，Beijing Friendship Hosp，Capital Med Univ，Beijing 100050.Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：325-356.

Ob jectiveTo identify the protein from hostmacrophageswhich interacted with GRA7 dense granule protein of Toxoplasma gondii，and reveal the relationship between protein interaction and infection process.M ethodsThe recombinant GRA7 protein with N-terminal GST tag was used as a bait in in vitro GST Pull-down experiment，the proteins of THP-1 monocytic macrophage cell line were captured and identified by LC-MS/MS proteomicsmethod.The in vivo protein interaction was verified by Co-IP experiment.The overexpression of the target host protein by pcDNA3.1（+）vector in THP-1 macrophage was further used to analyze the relationship between protein interaction and infection process.ResultsThe captured THP-1 cell protein was about Mt29000，which was identified as human carbonic anhydrase 1（hCA1）.The significant in vivo protein-protein interaction between GRA7 and hCA1 was verified by Co-IP assay.The overexpression of hCA1 gene in THP-1 macrophage induced a higher propagation speed of T.gondii and the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole，but did not influence the number of the parasite.ConclusionThere is a significant protein interaction between Toxoplasma GRA7 dense granule protein and hCA1 enzyme from hostmacrophages，which is positively related with the propagation speed of T.gondii.

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2015028 Change of the Vα24 NKT cells in peripheral blood of the patients w ith advanced schistosom iasis and its relation to the degree of hepatic fibrosis.SUN Ting（孙婷），et al.Dept Pathogen Biol，Med Sch，Yangtze Univ，Jingzhou 434023.Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：348-351.

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of Vα24 NKT cells number in peripheral blood and its correlation with the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis.M ethodsThirty-two advanced schistosomiasis patients and 23 healthy persons were included in the study.The percentage ofperipheral blood Vα24 NKT cells was determined by flow cytometry.The relevant indicators of liver function were detected by enzyme cycling method.Type-B ultrasound was used to examine the degree of hepatic fibrosis.ResultsFlow cytometry showed that the percentage of Vα24 NKT cells in advanced schistosomiasis patients［（0.23±0.09）%］was significantly lower than that of healthy persons［（1.44± 0.62）%］（P＜0.01）.Liver function test showed that the alanine aminotransferase（ALT）［（44.78±33.42）U/L］，γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（γ-GT）［（68.75± 57.95）U/L］and total bilirubin（Tbil）［（20.16± 11.20）μmol/L］in the patientswere significantly higher than those of healthy persons［（18.77±14.19）U/L，（20.20±13.82）U/L，and（11.65±5.09）μmol/L］，respectively（P＜0.01，P＜0.01，P＜0.05）.The percentage of Vα24 NKT cellswas positively correlated with γ-GT（r=0.365，P＜0.05），but not significantly correlated with ALT，aspartate transaminase，direct bilirubin，alkaline phosphatase，albumin，albumin-globulin ratio（P＞0.05）.The percentage of Vα24 NKT cells in patients with gradesⅠ（5 cases），Ⅱ（11 cases），andⅢ（16 cases）fibrosis was（0.37±0.02）%，（0.28± 0.04）%，（0.15±0.03）%，respectively（P＜0.01）. The percentage of Vα24 NKT cells showed a significant negative correlation with the degree of liver fibrosis（r= -0.91，P＜0.01）.ConclusionThe percentage of Vα24 NKT cells in peripheral blood decreases with the aggravation of hepatic fibrosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis.

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2015029 Genetic polymorphism of the gene encoding the apical mem brane antigen-1 ofPlasmodium falciparum.ZHOU Yinfa（周银发），et al.Fujian Dis Contr&Prev Center，Fuzhou 350001.Chin JParasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：344-347.

Ob jectiveTo study the genetic diversity of apical membrane antigen-1 gene from Plasmodium falciparum（Pf AMA-1）.M ethodsFilter paper blood samples were collected from 23 imported P.falciparum malaria patients who returned to Fujian Province from 2006 to 2012.Nested PCR were used to amplify the Pf AMA-1 gene.The amplified fragments were sequenced，and analyzed bybioinformatic software.ResultsAll23 sampleswere amplified a 505 bp band.Thirty-two nucleotideswere found to be variable，resulting in 18 haplotypes.Eight of these 18 halotypes were reported here for the first time.The parasites collected from Africa showed the higher level of variability［haplotypes diversity（Hd）=0.098 5，nucleotide diversity（π）=0.0258］as compared to the isolates from Asia（Hd=0.909，π=0.022 1）.The average difference of dN-dS for all 23 Pf AMA-1 sequences was 0.031±0.006.Sequence-based neutrality testswere not significant in Africa and Asia（P＞0.05）.Theminimum number of recombination events（Rm）was 10，and the linkage disequilibrium index（R2）evidently declined with the increase of nucleotide distance.Amolecular phylogenetic tree constructed using the neighbor-joining method showed that the 23 isolateswere assigned to three clades（G1，G2 and G3）.Most samples from Africa formed G1，and G3 contained most of Asian isolates.ConclusionPlasmodium falciparum isolates from Africa show a higher genetic diversity than the isolates from Asia for Pf AMA-1 gene.

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2015030 Construction and immunogenicity analysis of the attenuated recombinant Salmonella typhimurium strains exp ressing Echinococcus granu losus Eg95 antigen.WANG Zhisheng（王志升），et al.Animal Lab Center，Ningxia Med Univ，Yinchuan 750004.Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：339-343.

Ob jectiveTo study the feasibility of using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as carrier for oral immunization of Eg95 antigen of Echinococcus granulosus.MethodsThe recombinant plasmid pYA3341-Eg95 was constructed by inserting the Eg95 gene into expression vector pYA3341，and identified by themethods of PCR and enzyme digestion.The recombinant plasmid pYA3341-Eg95 was electro-transformed into attenuated S.typhimurium strains X3730 and X4550 one by one to construct the recombinant strain St-Eg95.The expression of recombinant Eg95 protein in the recombinant strains St-Eg95 was analyzed by Western blotting.The strains of St-Eg95 were passaged 10 times in vitro and the recombinant plasmids were extracted at one generation interval. The genetic stability of recombinant plasmids was identified by PCR.BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups（five mice per group）and inoculated orally with St-Eg95，100μl/mouse，at dosage of 1×109，1× 1010，1×1011，and 1×1012cfu/m l，wild-type S.typhimurium strain（1×107cfu/ml），and PBS，respectively. The survival rate wasmonitored daily for 30 days.Another 15 mice were divided into three groups and inoculated orally with St-Eg95（5×1010cfu/ml），X4550（pYA3341）（5×1010cfu/ml），and PBS，respectively，for 2 times，0.5 m l/mouse/time，at biweekly intervals. On weeks0，2，4，and 6 after the second immunization，sera were collected and tested for the presence of Eg95 antibody titers using commercially Eg antibody detection ELISA kit.The splenic lymphocyte proliferation was detected by MTT assay at6 weeks after the second immunization.ResultsThe constructed recombinant plasmid pYA3341-Eg95 was identified by enzyme digestion and PCR identification.The Eg95 protein（Mr18 000）was expressed in the recombinant strains St-Eg95.After the recombinant strains St-Eg95 were passaged 10 times，the Eg95 gene（about486 bp）was still amplified from St-Eg95.Safety results showed that mice inoculated orally with the St-Eg95or PBSwere all survival on the 30th day after immunization.However，allmice taking wild virulent S.typhimurium strain died within 4 days.The Eg95-specific antibodies examined by indirect ELISA were significantly higher in mice immunized with St-Eg95 than that ofmice immunized with X4550（pYA3341）or PBS at 2 weeks after the second immunization（P＜0.05）.The average Eg95-specific antibody titers reached up to the highest value of 1∶1 700 in mice immunized with St-Eg95 at 4 weeks after the second immunization. The lymphocyte proliferation test showed that the stimulation index value was significantly higher（P＜0.05）in mice immunized with the St-Eg95（reached up to 1.94± 0.15）than that in mice immunized with X4550（pYA3341）or PBSat6 weeksafter the second immunization.ConclusionThe recombinant oral attenuated S.typhimurium St-Eg95 was successfully constructed，and has a good safety and immunogenicity profile inmouse.

2.2.1 在制度设计上存在的问题。管理体制不科学；定点医院的限定使救助对象的选择大大缩小，而且大病救助中病种限制的规定在很大程度上使救助范围受到影响；制度法规不健全导致政策与实际脱节，增加了医疗救助病人的压力。

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2015031 The exp ression of Toll-like recep tor 4 in the tissue of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma and its significance.LIU Xiaobo（鲁晓擘），et al.Infect Dis Centre，1st Teaching Hosp，Xinjiang Med Univ，Urumqi830054.Chin J Infect Dis 2014；32（9）：533-537.

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference ofexpression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS）-related Kaposi sarcoma（AIDS-KS）and classic Kaposi sarcoma（KS）.MethodsThe subjects were collected from The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to January 2012，including 11 patients with AIDS-KS，7 patientswith classic KS，7 human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infective patients without KS and 7 healthy volunteers.Clinical data and biopsy specimenswere collected.The expression of TLR4 was detected by immunohistochemicalmethod.Statisticalanalysis of themean between two groupswas conducted by using t test.Statistical analysis of ranked data was conducted by using U test. Comparison between groups was analyzed with one-way ANOVA.ResultsThe expressions of TLR4 were both strongly positive in patientswith AIDS-KS and classic KS，and mainly in alien vascular endothelial cells（VEC）and tumor cells.TLR4 was located on cellmembrane and cytoplasm，and also in the nucleus.TLR4 was rarely expressed in the skin tissue in HIV infective patientswithout KS and healthy volunteers.The expressions of TLR4 in AIDS-KS，classic KS，HIV infective patients and healthy volunteers were 0.242±0.443，0.208±0.059，0.072±0.042 and 0.065±0.031，respectively（F=33.70，P＜0.01）.The expressions of TLR4 were lower in HIV infective（AIDS）patients without KS and healthy volunteers.The expression level of TLR4 was significantly higher in KS patients compared with non-KSpatients（t=4.097，P=0.003）.However，TLR4 expression had no significant difference between AIDS-KS and classic KS patients（t=0.480，P=0.638）. The expression of TLR4 wassignificantly higher in AIDS-KS patients compared with HIV infective patients（t=2.900，P=0.010）.ConclusionThe study identifies that TLR4 is highly expressed in patientswith AIDS-KSor classic KS.It is suggested that TLR4may play an important role in occurrence and developmentof KS.

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2015032 Retrospective analysis of echinococcosissurgical cases in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2013.Yisilayin OSMAN（伊斯拉音），et al.Center Dis Contr& Prev，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，Urumqi 830002.Chin JParasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：334-338.

Ob jectiveTo analyze the situation of echinococcosis surgical cases in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2005 to 2013.M ethodsThe surgery cases of echinococcosis in Xinjiang from 2005 to2013 were collected，and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 and Epi Info 3.5.3 software.Resu ltsA total of 8 639 hydatid disease cases were reported during2005-2013 from 94 counties（cities and districts）of 14 prefectures（municipalities）in the Region.The average number of annual operation cases were 960 cases（8 639/9 years），and the annual incidence was4.40/100 000（960/21.81million）.82.8%（7 152/8 639）of report cases came from northern Xinjiang area with an incidence of 7.59/100 000，and 17.2%（1 487/8 639）distributed in southern Xinjiang area with an incidence of1.58/100 000.Therewere373 cases（4.4%，373/8 639）reported in 2005，and increased to 1 434 cases（16.5%1 434/8 639）in 2013（P＜0.05）.The casesmainly distributed in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture（2 028 cases），Tarbagatai Prefecture（1 218 cases），Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture（1 179 cases），and Urumqi City（1 128 cases）of the northern Xinjiang area.There were 4 557 male（52.8%，4 557/8 639）and 4 082 famale patients（47.3%，4 082/8 639）（P＜0.05）.The age distribution showed a single-peak curve，and more patients concentrated in the age group of 31-40 years，accounting for26.2%（2 265/8 639）.Among 8 639 cases，farmers accounted for 47.9%（4 134/8 639）.ConclusionThe number of surgical cases of echinococcosis increases every year in Xinjiang since 2005，and the distribution of the disease shows a trend from the agricultural and pastoral areas to the towns.

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2015033 Identification of five imported cases of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in Zhejiang p rovince.ZHANG Lingling（张玲玲），et al.Zhejiang Prov Dis Control&Prev Center，Hangzhou 310051. Chin JParasitol Parasit Dis 2014；32（5）：361-365.

ObjectiveTo identify and analyze Plasmodium ovale wallikeri in 5 imported malaria cases，who were detected positive by microscopy and negative by conventional PCR.MethodsEpidemiological information and blood sampleswere collected from the five patients.The detection was conducted bymicroscopy，Rapid Diagnostic Test（RDT）and nested PCR with Plasmodium genus-specific，species-specific and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri-specific primers.The amplified products were sequenced and Blast analysis was performed on line in NCBI.ResultsThe five patients returned from Africa，and all had a history ofmalaria.They were microscopically positive for Plasmodium sp.，and two cases showed Pan positive RDT result.All blood samples were negative for four Plasmodium spp.by conventional nested PCR，but positive by nested PCR with Plasmodium ovalewallikeri-specific primers.Blast analysis showed that the amplified sequences of the five cases had complete homology with P.ovalewallikeri clone RSH10 18S ribosomal RNA gene（Accession No.KF219561.1）.ConclusionThe five cases which were classified as positive by microscopy while negative by conventional PCR have been confirmed as Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection by nested PCR with P.ovalewallikeri-specific primers.

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2015034 Polymorphism analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-rich proteinⅡandⅢ.YANG Yingchao（杨英超），et al.Natl Food&Drug Contr Instit，Beijing 100050.Chin JParasitol Parasit Dis 2014：32（5）：373-377.

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2015035 Seroprevalance ofToxoplasma gondiiin fection and genotyping of the isolates from cancer patients in Anhui，eastern China.SHEN Qian（沈茜），etal.Dept Immunol，Anhui Med Univ，Hefei 230032. Chin JParasitol Parasit Dis 2014：32（5）：366-370.

Ob jectiveTo investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and identify the genotypes of T gondii isolates from cancer patients in Anhui Province.M ethodsThree hundred and fifty-six blood samples were collected from outpatients and hospitalized cancer patients in Hefei，Anhui Province.IgG and IgM antibodies specific to T gondii were determined by ELISA.The ELISA positive sampleswere subjected to detection of Toxoplasma DNA with PCR targeting a 529-bp repeat element of T. gondii.Genotyping of T.gondii isolateswas performed usingmultilocus PCR-RFLPand 10 geneticmarkers，including 9 nuclear loci，sag2，sag3，btub，gra6，L358，pk1，c22-8，c29-2，and apico.ResultsAmong 356 cancer patients，21（5.9%）cases were found to be IgG-positive and 8（2.3%）were IgM-positive，and five of them were found to have both IgG and IgM antibodies.The total seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection was 6.8%.Six PCR-positive sampleswere genotyped at10 lociand two of them obtained all genetic markers and identified as the genotype of Chinese 1（Toxo DB#9）.ConclusionIn this study，latent and active toxoplasmosis exist in the patients withmalignant tumors，and two isolates are genotyped as the type of Chinese1（Toxo DB#9）in Anhui，China.

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2015036 Spatial aggregation of 438 human infec-tionswith avian influenza A（H7N9）in themainland of China.XU Jicheng（徐继承），et al.Public Health Sch，Xuzhou Med Coll，Xuzhou 221004.Chin JEpidemiol 2014；35（11）：1270-75.

ObjectiveTo investigate the spatial distribution and growing trend of438 human infection with the H7N9 avian influenza virus in mainland China，and to provide evidence for developing scientific prevention and control strategies.Methods438 human infection cases with the avian influenza A（H7N9）from February 2013 to May 2014 inmainland Chinawere studied and data collected to establish a database for the development of geographic information system.Trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysiswere used to study the spatial distribution.Descriptive epidemiological method was utilized to analyze the demographic characteristic.ResultsFrom June 2013 to May 2014，cases had an overall national increase，but significantly decreasing in Shanghai.A trend surface was established for human infection with avian influenza A（H7N9）in themainland of China，showing that the incidence was increasing obviously from north to south and the line slope declined from west to east.Distribution pattern of the cases varied within different time series and regional levels.The overall Moran's I coefficient of the provincial level from February to May in 2013 and the coefficientof the city level from June2013 to May 2014 were 0.144 718 and 0.117 468，respectively，with the differences statistically significant（P＜0.05）.According to the analysis of the local autocorrelation and hot spot，northern Zhejiang and southern Guangdong showed high spatial clusters of human infection with avian influenza A（H7N9）（Z＞2.58）.ConclusionFrom February 2013 to May 2014，the spatial correlation at the provincial level decreased.However，the spatial correlation and the number of hot spots at the city level were both increasing.Effectivemeasures should be taken accordingly following the distributive charateristics.2015037 Analysis of antiviral therapy HIV/AIDS children from Shangdong province.ZHU Xiaoyan（朱晓艳），et al.Prev Med Instit，Shangdong Univ，Jinan 250014.Chin JPrev Med 2014；48（11）：959-963.

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ObjectiveTo analyze the outcome among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shangdong province.M ethodsFrom the national AIDS antiviral treatment database during April 2009 and December 2013，50 children according to antiviral treatment in Shangdong province were classified as the cases. Regular follow-up observation and testwere conducted among children under antiretroviral therapy before treatment，0.5th，1th，2th，3th，6th，9th，12thmonths after treatment，and then one time afterevery 3months followup after one year.The height and weight of the children under antiretroviral therapy and normal children（2010 national student physical health survey results）were compared during different times.And the height and weight of the follow-up period of situation，the CD4+T cell count and viral load，regular physical examination results，the incidence of opportunistic infections were compared with baseline data.ResultsAmong the 50 children under antiviral therapy，male accounted for 54.0%（27/50），female 46.0%（23/50），the youngestwas2 years of age，the oldestwas15 years old，and all of them were transmitted by themother-to-child route and none received nother-to-child prevention.The shortest treatment time lasted five months，the longest 61 months，with a median 25 months.The height of the baseline，12th，24th，36thmonths after antiviral treatment were（111.9±23.4），（118.1±20.9），（127.1± 13.9），（135.4±10.2）cm，and weigh were（20.6± 8.7），（23.8±6.3），（27.8±7.2），（30.7±5.5）kg，respectively.The height and weight of the treated children were higher than those in the baseline（P＜0.05），but lower than those among the children without HIV infection.The CD4+T lymphocytes levels of the baseline，3th，6th，12th，24th，36thmonths after antiviral treatmentwere 224.0，279.5，465.0，581.0，640.0，728.0/μl，the CD4+T lymphocytes levels after antiviral treatmentwere higher than the baseline（P＜0.05）.Hemoglobin and AST were significantly different between children received treatment after 24 months and those in the baseline（P＜0.05），baseline and 24thmonths after treatment the hemoglobin value were（106.6±22.2），（125.2±5.8），and the AST were（42.1±23.1），（23.4±15.6）.Baseline and 12th，24thmonths after treatment，the median of viral load was 10 000.0，105.0，0.0 copies/ml，and the ratios of viral load≤400copies/m lwere 50%（4/8），65%（22/34），88%（14/ 16），respectively.The results of viral load had significant difference among 12th，24thmonths after antiviral treatment and baseline（P＜0.05）.The incidence of opportunistic infections was 62%（31/50）before treatment，and 12%（6/50）after the antiviral therapy.ConclusionAntiviral therapy can effectively improve the immunity and reduce the incidence of opportunistic infectionswhich is helpful to improve the quality of life among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shangdong province.2015038 Study on the m ortality and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.NI Mingjian（倪明健），etal.Dis Contr&Prev Center，Urumqi830011.Chin JPrev Med 2014；48（11）：953-958.

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Ob jectiveTo analyze the mortality and risk factors among HIV/AIDSpatients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（XUAR）.M ethodsThe subjects of study were all HIV/AIDS adult patients who had received HAART in XUAR.The proceeding information was uploaded to the national ART reporting system which was a branch of the national HIV/AIDS reporting system.A retrospective cohort study was conducted among these patients who were treated during July 2004 to June2013 in XUAR.Mortality rates and cumulative survival rates were calculated.Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to examine the risk factors for deaths.Resu ltsThe proportion for death，lost，referral and withdrawal was8.5%（1 200/14 062），2.5%（351/14 062），0.9%（121/14 062）and 15.4%（2 162/14 062）respectively.The P25，P50and P75of baseline CD4+T lymphocyte was 144.00，244.50 and 331.00/μl，respectively.The overallmortality rate was 4.98/100 person-years.The cumulative survival rates of ART treatment after 1-5 years were 0.94，0.91，0.88，0.84 and 0.81.Themortality rate had a significant difference among different population.Themale（6.58/100 personyears）were higher than the female（2.87/100 personyears），the people who infected tuberculosis（TB）（9.79/100 person-years）were higher than those non TB（4.12/100 person-years），the people whose CD4+T lymphocyte count less than 200/μl（7.67/100 personyears）was higher than other groups，the people who were transmitted through injection（7.61/100 personyears）were higher than those sexual transmission（3.10/100 person-years），the people whose HB less than 80 g/L（13.84/100 person-years）was higher than thosemore than 80 g/L（4.74/100 person-years）（χ2valueswere154.62，177.47，309.73，228.99 and 84.27，P＜0.01）.The risk of death of the onewith the baseline CD4+T lymphocyte≤200/μl was 3.61（2.73-4.78）times of the one with the baseline CD4+T lymphocyte＞350/μl.The risk of death of the one havingmore than 4 baseline symptom categories was 3.62（2.42-5.42）times of the one having less than 3 baseline symptom categories.The risk of death of the one with baseline HB≥80 g/L was 2.84（2.21-3.64）times of the one with the baseline HB＜80 g＜L.The risk of death of themale was1.48（1.25-1.75）times of the female.The risk of death of the one infected TB was 1.39（1.18-1.64）times of the one not infected TB.The risk of death of the one injecting drugs was1.84（1.56-2.17）times of the one not injecting drugs.ConclusionFrom 2004 to 2013，themortality rate was low among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in XUAR.The mortality risk factors were low CD4 T cell count，having more baseline symptom categories，low HB level，injection drug transmission，male and TB infection，and all these factors had positive correlation with death.

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2015039 Analysis of the five-year effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy among 200 HIV/ AIDS patients in Jiangsu p rovince.QIU TAO（邱涛），et al.Dept HIV/STD Prev&Contr，Jiangsu Prov Dis Prev&Contr Center，Nanjing 210009.Chin JPrev Med 2014；48（11）：947-952.

Ob jectiveTo analyze the five-year effectiveness of the people living with HIV/AIDS who initially received highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）in Jiangsu province.MethodsHIV/AIDS initially received HAART from 1 Jan 2005 to 31 May 2014 in Jiangsu province with the CD4+T cell count tested in baseline，6 months，1 year，2 years，3 years，4 years and 5 years after treat-ment initiation were selected.According to their retrospectively collected baseline and follow-up data，statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software to analyze the variation of CD4+T counts and its impact factors in different times after treatment initiation.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included.A total of 134 patients weremen，and 66 were women，the ratio of male to female was 2.03∶1；mean age was（39.7± 10.3）yearsold；69.0%（138/200）of the patientswere married；53.0%（106/200）as the most were infected with HIV through heterosexual transmission，and followed by men who have sex with men（MSM）（25.5，51/200）；taken together as 78.%（157/200）.58.5%（117/200）were treated in the CDC.The mean（95% CI）baseline CD4+T cell count of cases was 106.9（93.3-120.5）cells/μl；the CD4+T count tested in 6 months，1 year，2 years，3 years，4 years and 5 years after treatment initiation were 107.3，152.9，221.6，260.0，281.3 and 316.4 cells/μl more than baseline respectively；the CD4+T countafter treatment inititation increased over time（F=201.06，P＜0.01）.Themean（95%CI）CD4+T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation could increase to 540.7（445.4-635.9）cells/μl with a baseline CD4+T count more than 200 cells/μl，but in the subgroups with a baseline CD4+T count less than or equal to 50 cells/μl，51-100 cells/ μl，101-150 cells/μl and 151-200 cells/μl，it only can reach to 431.4（375.9-487.0），400.0（339.9-460.2），380.3（330，6-430.0）and 412.1（369.3-454.8）cells/μl respectively.The mean（95%CI）CD4+T count tested in 5 years after treatment initiation with 1 baseline symptom categories could increase to 449.2（392.2-506.2）cells/μl，while409.1（317.8-500.5）cells/μl in the subgroup with baseline symptom categoriesmore than or equal to 2.The CD4+T after treatment increased slowly associated with a lower baseline CD4+T count level andmore baseline symptom categories（F values were 3.96 and 2.35，P＜0.01）.ConclusionIt has a remarkable effectiveness for HIV/ AIDS treatment in Jiangsu province.The patients with a baseline CD4+T countofmore than 200 counts/μl have a better immune function recovery.

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2015040 A study on the effectiveness of prevention of m other-to-child H IV，syphilis，and hepatitis B transm ission am ong p regnantwomen in Dehong p refecture，Yunnan province，from 2011 to 2013.SHAN Duo（单多），etal.Natl AIDS/STD Con&Prev Center，Beijing 100011.Chin J Prev Med 2014；48（11）：942-946.

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the effectiveness of prevention ofmother-to-child HIV，syphilis，and hepatitis B transmission among pregnant women in Dehong prefecture，Yunnan province，from 2011 to 2013.M ethodsData were collectedmainly from the continuous HIV surveillance system and prevention ofmother-to-child transmission（PMTCT）reporting system of Dehong prefecture，and supplemented by annual reported data on HIV，syphilis，and hepatitis B PMTCT to know the general demographic characteristics，HIV testing and counseling service，PMTCT service，and other medical services. Data were presented as absolute numbers and proportions.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2013，the number of pregnantwomen participating in HIV，syphilis，and hepatitis B testing in Dehong prefecture increased and the HIV testing rates were 99.2%（18 694/18 854），99.9%（22 047/22 060）and 99.9%（21 751/21 756），the syphilis testing rates were 56.0%（10 550/18 854），99.6%（21 980/22 060）and 99.9%（21 751/ 21 756），and the hepatitis B testing rates were 60.2%（11 358/18 854），99.6%（21 974/22 060）and 99.9%（21 751/21 756）.From 2011 to 2013，the HIV positive rateswere 0.87%（327/37 787），0.82%（319/ 38 817）and 0.85%（315/37 261），the syphilis positive rateswere 0.05%（10/18 520），0.12%（43/36 817）and 0.11%（40/35 888），the hepatitis B positive rates were 2.46%（456/18 520），2.23%（794/35 547）and 2.14%（739/34 468），respectively.The rates of HIV-positive pregnant women giving birth in hospitals were 99.2%（128/129），100.0%（141/141）and 100.0%（141/141）.From 2011 to 2013，the proportions of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy were 99.2%（128/129），99.3%（140/141）and 99.3%（140/141），respectively.And the treatment rates of syphilis-positive pregnant women were 71%（5/ 7），89%（16/18）and 97%（32/33）.The rates of hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection among new-borns ofhepatitis B-positive pregnant women were 92.9%（263/ 283），99.7%（612/614）and 99.4%（629/633）.The estimated rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV were 2.28%，2.30%and 3.00%，respectively.ConclusionThere was an increasing trend of HIV，syphilis，and hepatitis B testing rate and the positive rate kept ata low level.The proportions of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving HIV，syphilis，and hepatitis B PMTCT services increased annually，while the proportion of HIV MTCT kept at an overall low level from 2011 to 2013，which indicated its effectiveness of HIV PMTCT work during recent years in Dehong prefecture.

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2015041 M obility of HIV/AIDS and affecting factors anlysis in 2013，China.LIPeilong（李培龙），et al.Natl AIDS/STD Contr&Prev Center，Beijing 102206.Chin JPrev Med 2014；48（11）：934-937.

Ob jectiveTo analyze the factors of people living with HIV/AIDSandmobility in 2013 who were reported before 2012 in China.MethodsData were collected through China HIV/AIDS case reporting information system in 2012 and 2013.A total of 300 349 HIV/AIDS cases reported before2012 have been included in this study and have been visited in 2013.SPSS software was used to conductmultivariate logistic regression model.Resu ltsA total of 300 349 HIV/AIDS cases were included in the study and 5.4%（16 088/300 349）subjects changed their residential locations in 2013.Themovementsmostly happened inside local province，which accounted for 69.1%（11 114/16 088）.In Yunnan，Guangdong，and Guangxi province，the mobile percentage was 85.8%（2 377/2 771），58.5%（1 534/2 621）and 78.1%（1 470/1 883）movements happened inside local province.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male（12 478 cases，OR=1.97，95%CI：1.03-1.12），HIV infection（12 125 cases，OR=1.99，95% CI：1.92-2.0），15-49 age group（15 144 cases，OR=2.16，95%CI：2.00-2.32）were more mobile.ConclusionThemovementsmostly happened inside local province in 2013 in China and population movement tends to happen in youngmen infected with HIV.

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2015042 Effect of Candida albicans on the production of inter leukin-6 by activation of IκBαin hum an THP-1 monocytes.YANG Haiping（杨海平），et al. 454th Hosp，PLA，Nanjing 210002.Chin J Dermatol 2014；47（11）：803-805.

Ob jectiveTo investigate the effect of Candida albicans on the production of interleukin-6 by activation of IκBαin an acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1.MethodsTHP-1 cellswere classified into three groups to be stimulated by heat-killed C.albicans cells in concentrations of 105and 106colony-forming units（CFU）/m l and lipopolysaccharide（100μg/L）in vitro respectively. Those remaining untreated served as the blank control group.After additional culture for different durations，real time reverse transcription PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaywere performed tomeasure themRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin-6（IL-6）respectively，and Western blot was conducted to determine the levels of total and phosphorylated IκBα.Statistical analysiswas carried outby t test.ResultsA significant increase was observed in themRNA expression level（2-△△Ct）of IL-6 in THP-1 cells at 3 and 6 hours after starting treatment with C.albicans at 105CFU/m l（6.48±0.30 vs.0.84±0.16，125.34±1.47 vs. 1.22±0.22，both P＜0.01），and at1，3 and 6 hours after starting treatment with C.albicans at 106CFU/m l（2.96±0.35 vs.1.03±0.16，8.57±1.27 vs. 0.84±0.16，5.88.10±2.31 vs.1.22±0.22，P＜0.05or 0.01）compared with the blank control group，but no significant differencewasnoted between THP-1 cells at 1 hour after starting treatment with C.albicans at 105CFU/ml and those remaining untreated（1.48±0.06 vs. 1.03±0.16，P＞0.05）.The protein expression level of IL-6 was（924.9±30.13）ng/L in THP-1 cells at 24 hours after starting treatmentwith C.albicans at106CFU/ ml，significantly different from that in the blank control group（P＜0.001）.There was amarked elevation in the level of phosphorylated IκBαprotein，but an obvious reduction in the level of IκBαprotein in THP-1 cells treated with C.albicans at 106CFU/ml for 30 and 60 minutes.ConclusionHuman THP-1 monocytesmay play a role in innate immune responses against C.albicans through activation of nuclear factor-κB and production of IL-6.

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