高中英语阅读课中设问衔接之探究

2015-07-10 21:42李丽
校园英语·中旬 2015年6期

李丽

【摘要】本文以自己的一堂课第一次上课过程和经过反思后的上课过程为例,探究了在转换或递进教学内容时,如何进行流畅的连接。总结出了三点衔接流畅的策略,即导入提问要符合学生认知,问题要由易到难,环环相扣,重难点问题,准备铺垫性的问题,以符合学生的认知规律。

【关键词】问题衔接 转换和递进 引导和铺垫

目前,很多老师在阅读教学实践中往往会采用“三阶段”阅读教学模式,即在阅读课时一般要设计读前、读中和读后三个环节,并且在三个环节中都能设计出很好的遵循循序渐进、由浅入深原则的问题,但是在转换或递进教学内容时,我们很多英语教师不能流畅的连接。如果衔接不好,提问就会显得很生硬,给人以突兀的感觉,而且学生会跟不上老师的思路。所以在设计问题过程中如何使得问题与问题之间自然衔接,做到环环紧扣,将是我们在研究英语阅读的有效教学中的又一个要关注的问题。

下面我把自己在教学过程中碰到的问题以及之后改进的教学为例,谈谈我对阅读课中设问自然衔接的想法和探究。

一、第一次上课过程

人教新版模块2第4单元的主题为Wildlife protection。Reading的题目为How Daisy Learned to Help Wildlife。文中Daisy去了三个地方,对不受保护和受到保护的动物进行比较,以及了解到动物身上能获得宝贵的知识,从而暗示野生动植物保护的重要性。

1.读前环节

在上pre-reading的时候,导入时我用的是:

Last class in the warming up,we learned that panda,milu deer and south China tiger are endangered wildlife in China.

然后直接用pre-reading里的3个问题:

(1) What other endangered animals do you know of?

(2) Why are they in danger of disappearing?

(3)Look at the pictures and the title of the reading passage and predict the content.Then read it quickly to see if you were right.

2.略读环节

接下来,我让学生快速阅读,回答下面的问题:

(1) Find out the main idea of the passage:

A :It is about some protection of wildlife.

B:It is about a journey of a flying chair.

C:It is about Daisys wonderful experience with some animals.

(2) What three places did Daisy go? What three animals did she meet?

回答完第二个问题之后,我就让学生根据这个问题把课文分成3段。

3.细读环节

根据所分段落,让学生一段一段的细读下去,并回答问题:Part1( para.1)

Q1:Why has the antelope in Tibet become an endangered animals?

Q2:what is the result?

Q3:What is the main idea of this part?

Part2 ( para.2 ):

Q1:Why are elephant numbers increasing in Zimbabwe?

Q2:How does the government of Zimbabwe help protect wild animals?

Q3.What is the main idea of this part??

Part3 (para.3-4):

Q1:Why is it important to protect the rainforest?

Q2:What does Daisy plan to do?

Q3.What is the main idea of this part?

4.读后环节

Fill in the blanks to retell the passage.

5.讨论和写作环节

What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?

Please discuss in group of four,and one of the four write down your ideas.You can use the structure of the writing:

As we all know,everyone has the responsibility in protecting wildlife.What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?

First of all,___________________________________.

Secondly,____________________________________.

At last,______________________________________.

Lets help wildlife and I am sure wildlife will survive with our help.

二、自我反思

在上课过程中,我总觉得有些地方有点生搬硬套,不是很流畅,课后我再对自己上课的教案进行了反思,自己觉得以下几个地方衔接不是很自然。

1.Pre-reading 的目的是激活学生已有的相关知识,增加或更新学生的相关背景知识,为阅读教学做好铺垫。虽然该单元的阅读课文前面有Pre-reading的内容,但是因为学生的基础不是很好,让学生说除熊猫、麋鹿和东北虎以外的濒临灭绝的动物,学生不是很能用英语表达。我强行地按照课文所设计的题目进行导入,学生无话可说,从而缺乏可操作性,不能取得良好的教学效果,所以在这个环节里我需要设计一些让学生有表达欲望和可能的问题。

2.从pre-reading到略读,虽然做到了对课文的预测,但pre-reading里的问题与课文内容关系不大,不能起到很好的引导作用,感觉这里的衔接跳跃性比较大;

3.在略读环节中,问题先难后易,第一个问题学生不太能一下子就回答出来;

4.在细读中,虽然对课文comprehending的问题进行了整编,上课之前自己觉得自己设计的挺好的,但在回答问题时学生总是不能回答,特别是每段的中心思想,基本上都是我自己把答案公布的;

5.在读后环节中,我也没有很好的进行引导,而是直接做填空题。

6.在进入讨论和写作环节时,没有进行铺垫,也是直接进行强行进入讨论,总觉得很生硬,感觉不是很舒服。

三、改进后上课过程

1.读前环节。虽然学生由于知识面狭小的原因,不能说出更多的濒临灭绝的动物,但他们对熊猫和东北虎非常感兴趣,所以后来我导入环节是这样来设计的:

(1)Yesterday we learned :What animals are endangered?

(2)Why is panda disappearing? Why is South China tiger very few?

这2个问题是对warming up 的回顾,同时也是对protect wildlife的引入。

(3)Do we need to protect wildlife?

(4)How do you learn to protect wildlife?

The students may answer:TV,Internet,Newspaper,books…

这个问题是对阅读文本的引入。

(5)Daisy longs to help endangered species of wildlife as you do,do you know how Daisy learned to help wildlife?

Daisy learned to help wildlife in her dream of visiting three places and three animals.

这样就自然而然的进入了阅读环节。

2.略读环节。接下来,我让学生快速阅读,回答下面的问题:

(1) What three places did Daisy go? What three animals did she meet?

(2) Find out the main idea of the passage:

A :It is about some protection of wildlife.

B:It is about a journey of a flying carpet.

C:It is about Daisys wonderful experience with some animals.

这样把2个问题的顺序换了之后,学生找出正确的答案要比以前的顺利的多。回答完这2个问题之后,再让学生对文本分段,为后面的细读环节做铺垫。

(3)So how many parts can the passage be divided?

3.细读环节。根据所分段落,让学生一段一段的细读下去,并回答问题

Part1( para.1)

Q1:Why has the antelope in Tibet become an endangered animals?

Q2:what is the result?

这次在回答第3个问题之前,我先会总结一下本段。From this part,we know that the antelope is not under protection,and they are dying out,so we need wildlife protection.用了总结提示后,能使学生得出本段的main idea指明了方向。

Q3:What is the main idea of this part? ( Why we need wildlife protection )

Part2 ( para.2 ):

Q1:Why are elephant numbers increasing in Zimbabwe?

Q2:How does the government of Zimbabwe help protect wild animals?

同样的在回答第3个问题之前,我再次给出一些提示。The elephant is under protection,and its number is increasing.Compared with the bad example of the antelope,the example of the elephant is a ________ example of wildlife protection.so

Q3.What is the main idea of this part?( A good example of wildlife protection.)

这样一改动后,能使学生知道作者写这两段的目的就是为了对比受保护和不受保护的结果,让学生强烈的要进行wildlife protection。

Part3 (para.3-4):

Q1:What did Daisy learn from the monkey?

Q2:What does Daisy plan to do?

Q3:Why is it important to protect the rainforest?

增加了第1个问题,并且把后面2个问题的顺序换了一下,第1个问题为第2个问题做铺垫,第1、2问题为第3个问题做铺垫。

So if we protect wildlife,we can learn more wonderful things from wildlife.用这句话为这一段的main idea做暗示。

Q4.What is the main idea of this part?( What we can get from wildlife protection.)

4.读后环节

(1)Today we learn the passage:How Daisy learned to help wildlife.Lets review this passage by filling in the blanks.这样的引导词比直接进入填空要好得多了。

在进入讨论时,我也相应的加入了一些引导的话语:

From this passage we know that we can learn a lot from wildlife,but without wildlife protection,wildlife will be dying out,so wildlife protection must succeed.

加入引导语后,进入讨论的环节就变的是顺势而为了。

5.讨论和写作环节

What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?

Please discuss in group of four,and one of the four write down your ideas.You can use the structure of the writing:

As we all know,everyone has the responsibility in protecting wildlife.What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?

First of all,_____________________________________.

Secondly,_______________________________________.

At last,_______________________________________.

Lets help wildlife and I am sure wildlife will survive with our help.

四、结论

上一节课很容易,但要上好一节课却不是那么容易,这个好字中就包含了怎样顺畅自然的上完一堂课。问题的设计要符合学生实际,问题与问题之间的过度,不是刻意为之,而是轻松自然的进入,让学生感受到的不是突兀提问,而是一个问题下面就该问下面的那个问题了,在不知不觉中就上完了一堂英语课。这样的课堂将是我们英语课一直该追求的课堂。