名词性从句易错易混点解读

2016-04-11 08:51安徽省怀远一中王玉峰
青苹果 2016年9期
关键词:典例同位语中作

安徽省怀远一中 王玉峰

名词性从句易错易混点解读

安徽省怀远一中 王玉峰

本阶段我们学习了名词性从句,名词性从句的主要考点有:名词性从句引导词之间的区别,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,if引导状语从句与引导名词性从句的区别,it在名词性从句中的运用,名词性从句引导词的省略等。现将它们的易错、易混点进行总结,希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。

【误用1】Can you tell me howmanystudents are there in your school?

【指正】are there改为there are。

【解读】考查名词性从句的语序。名词性从句用陈述语序,尤其是直接引语改为间接引语时,直接引语是问句的时候,改为间接引语实际上就是宾语从句,要用陈述语序。

【典例】Some ofthemlooked at himcuriouslyand wondered what was the matter with him.

有几个人好奇地望着他,弄不懂他要干什么。

She told me in detail howtheyovercame all the difficulties.

她详细地告诉我他们是怎样克服困难的。

【误用2】You have to knowthat you're going if you are to plan the best wayofgettingthere.

【指正】that改为where。

【解读】考查宾语从句的引导词。及物动词know的后面是一个宾语从句,从句中谓语动词是不及物动词go,所以不需要宾语,那么就不能用连接代词。根据go的意思看出,应该用作状语的连接副词where才可以表示“去哪里”,与后面的gettingthere对应。句意:如果你打算计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。

【典例】For example,we can learn where theyfind water,store food,and obtain their nest-building materials.

例如,我们能够了解到它们在哪里找到水,储藏食物和得到它们建筑窝巢的材料。

【误用3】I trulybelieve what beautycomes fromwithin.

【指正】what改为that。

【解读】考查宾语从句的引导词。that引导宾语从句时,不作任何成分,只起连接作用,可以省略。what是连接代词,引导名词性从句时其本身在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语等成分。该句从句部分不缺少任何成分,所以用that引导。句意:我很相信美丽源自于内心。

【典例】The manager said(that)he believed(that)the client would come next week.

经理说他相信客户下周会来的。

The kingsaid that such a brave soldier was worthyofreward.

国王说,这样英勇的战士值得嘉奖。

【误用4】Aship in harbor is safe,but that's not whyships are built for.

【指正】why改为what,或者删掉for。

【解读】考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种,that's not后跟一个从句作表语,what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分,表语从句中的介词for后缺少宾语,因此用what。也可以删掉for,因为连接副词why可以引导表语从句,其本身在从句中作状语,相当于what...for...。句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。

【典例】Every living thing requires water.That is why its pollution is nowa problem of the world's common concern.

各种生物都需要水,这就是为什么水污染现在成了全世界共同关注的问题。

【误用5】Reading her biography(自传),I was lost in admiration for that Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

【指正】that改为what。

【解读】考查宾语从句。that引导的宾语从句可以作动词宾语,一般不作介词宾语,除非特殊结构,如except that...“除了……”,in that...“因为……”等。句中的achieve是及物动词,应该跟宾语,即引导介词宾语从句的连词在从句中作宾语,连接代词what可以引导宾语从句,且作宾语。句意:读完了她的自传后,我对Doris Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。

【典例】It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原来想的很不一样。

She seemed completelyuninterested in what I had totell her about mynewjob.

我想把我新工作的事告诉她,她好像丝毫不感兴趣。

He is a good student except that he is occasionallycareless.

他是个好学生,只是他偶尔有些粗心。

Helen was unusual in that she was extremelyintelligent and alsoremarkablysensitive.

海伦在这方面非同寻常,她非常聪明又相当敏感。

【误用6】How Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won't accept it.

【指正】How改为Where。

【解读】考查主语从句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语,is known是主句的谓语部分,因此,前面是主语从句。分析主语从句由was born看出用连接副词,出生方式、原因不合题意,因此不能用连接副词how和why,则只有where符合句意。句意:李白是一位伟大的中国诗人,他的出生地是众所周知的,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。

【典例】Where the English eveningwill be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。

【误用7】When we understand things has a lot todowith what we feel.

【指正】When改为How。

【解读】考查主语从句。has是主句的谓语动词,前面是主语从句,根据后面的has a lot to do with what we feel看出用how,因为心情不同,对事物的理解就不一样。句意:我们如何理解事情与我们的感受有很大关系。连接副词how引导名词性从句,其本身在从句中作方式状语。

【典例】Howshe killed the man is still a mystery.

她是如何杀害那个男子的还是一个谜。

【误用8】—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah,but I have noidea that he did it;that's one ofhis favorite universities.

【指正】idea后面的that改为why。

【解读】考查同位语从句。根据Yeah的肯定答复,确定对于he did it是已经知道的,再根据后面的“耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一”看出不理解“麦克为什么会拒绝耶鲁大学的录取”,所以用why引导同位语从句,表示idea的具体内容。转换为宾语从句就是:I don't knowwhyhe did it.。根据题目意思,have no idea在不同的语境中还可以用where,when,how,that,what,which,who,whom,whose等引导其同位语从句。

【典例】I have noidea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。

Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you oflife in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作及物动词give的直接宾语,可以省略,也可以用which。)

【误用9】Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell which close you may be tovictory.

【指正】which改为how。

【解读】考查宾语从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句,可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来,描述形容词close用连接副词how。how引导名词性从句表示“多么”的意思,修饰形容词或副词。句意:你不能失败了就灰心丧气,因为你永远不知道你有多么接近胜利。

【典例】No,I don't know.I reallydon't knowhowmanypens he has.

不,我不知道。我真的不知道他有多少支钢笔。

I don't knowhowfar we actuallywent,but it was far enough.

我不知道我们实际走了多远,反正是足够远的了。

【误用10】It remains tobe seen that the newlyformed committee's policycan be put intopractice.

【指正】that改为whether。

【解读】考查名词性从句。题目中的it作形式主语,真正主语为that后面的主语从句。主语从句中不缺少主干成分,所以不能用连接代词,应该用连接副词。“有待被观察”的事情是不确定的事所以要应用whether表“是否”,引导主语从句。it可以作形式主语或形式宾语,代替真正的主语从句或宾语从句。

【典例】It remains unknown when theyare goingtoget married.他们何时结婚依然不明清楚。

It is not yet decided whowill dothat job.还没决定谁做那项工作。

【误用11】Fromspace,the earth looks blue.This is whyabout seventy-one percent ofits surface is covered bywater.

【指正】why改为because。

【解读】考查名词性从句的表语从句。why引导的从句的内容表示结果,而题目中前面的句子就是结果,所以表语从句的内容应该是原因,用连接副词because引导表语从句,表示原因。

【典例】He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他没有去看电影,因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。

【误用12】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total beliefwhich you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

【指正】which改为that。

【解读】考查名词性从句的同位语从句。belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释、说明,故为同位语从句,陈述一个事实。同时从句不缺任何成分,that引导同位语从句只起连接作用,不作任何成分。句意:在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在那个运动场上,你比其他任何人都优秀。

【典例】The thought came tohimthat Maryhad probablyfallen ill.

他想到玛丽可能生病了。(that引导的同位语从句与名词thought之间被谓语部分隔开了。)

【误用13】The reason whyhe was late was because he missed the train byone minute this morning.

【指正】because改为that。

【解读】当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导。

【典例】The reason is that“How are you?”isn't really a question,and“Fine”isn't really an answer.

原因“你好吗”并非真的是一个问题,而“不错”也并非真的回答。

The reason is that I had totake mydaughter tothe doctor.

因为我得送我女儿去看医生。

【误用14】Ifthis is true or not,I reallydon't know.

【指正】If改为Whether。

【解读】whether引导宾语从句放在句首表示强调。注意whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时,在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:①whether引导主语从句在句首时;②宾语从句放在句首表示强调时;③引导表语从句时;④引导介词宾语时;⑤后面紧跟着or not时。

【典例】We didn't know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否准备好了。

Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.

他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。

The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们能否联系上她。

Everythingdepends on whether we have enough money.一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。

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