“要求”

余可佳

在《新课程标准实验教科书·英语》必修二第五单元中有这样两个句子：

Not long after Freddy and the band became famous， they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts.

They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians， but they could only find one who was good enough.

第一句中的wait for表示“等候”，第二句中的look for表示“寻找”。由此我们不难发现动词加介词for构成的短语很多，有许多动词与介词for搭配可以直接或间接地表达“要求”之义。

[“动词+for”直接表示“请求；要求”]

1. appeal for表示“呼吁；请求”。

The police appealed to the public for any information about the murder. 警方向公众寻求那桩谋杀案的有关信息。

2. ask for表示“要求”。

Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiao Dong. He is also asking for some advice. 王小姐已经收到小东一封信。他也要求给出一些建议。

3. beg for表示“乞求”，是人在不得已时的乞讨。

All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. 在此期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃。

4. call for表示“要求”和“需要”，有时有“打电话要求”之义。

Listen！ Do you hear someone calling for help？ 听！你听到有人在喊救命吗？

The new technique calls for strict obedience to work procedure. 这种新技术要求严格遵照程序操作。

[ “动词+for”表示以某种特殊的方式提出请求或要求]

1. advertise for表示“登广告寻找”；指的是通过广告的方式提出请求或要求。

I need to advertise for a roommate for next term. 我要登广告寻找下学期的合租房的室友。

2. apply for表示“申请”，指通过书面申请的方式提出要求。

She is halfway through the preparation year， which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. 大多数外籍学生在申请学位课程之前都要学习一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。

[“动词+for”表示“寻找；寻求”]

1. look for表示“寻找”，意指“想找到某人或某物”。

Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。

2. search for表示“搜寻”。

I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我非常尊重那些搜寻琥珀屋的人。

Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything， in the present and the past. 阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他能对现在和过去的各种事物作出解释。

3. hunt for表示“寻求”。

On the island， Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water， hunt for food， and make fire. 在这个岛上，查克不得不学习独自一人生存。他必须学会怎样取水，怎样猎取食物以及怎样生火。

4. send for表示“派人去请”，指找来医生、专家等。

Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it. 或许我们需要派人去请史密斯大夫来看我们该怎么办。

[表示位移的动词加for表示“前往”]

1. leave for表示“前往”，指要去某地。

They were not leaving for Montreal until later， so they went on a tour of the city. 她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。

2. head for也表示“前往”。

The young salmon are then released and head for the ocean. 然后这些小三文鱼为被放入河中前往大海。

[“动词+for”表示“渴望；非常想要”]

1. dream for表示“梦想得到”，意指“非常想得到”。

Just dreaming for things， however， costs nothing. 不管怎样，梦想是不花本钱的。

2. long for表示“渴望”。

Lucy had always longed for a brother. 露西一直渴望有一个弟弟。

3. care for表示“喜欢”，也含有“想要”之义。

Many years ago there lived an emperor， who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 许多年以前，有一位皇帝热衷于漂亮的新衣服胜过一切。

[与交易有关的动词加的for表示“交换”]

1. bargain for表示“指望；想以廉价买”。

Admire the Spanish architecture， enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets. 观赏西班牙式的建筑，品尝西班牙美味，好好逛逛五颜六色的市场，花些时间讨价还价买点纪念品。

2. pay for表示“为……付钱”和“为……付出代价”。

I went and paid the bill for the room. 我去付了房款。

3. exchange for表示“交换”。

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？ 我在那里可能将美元换成英镑？

[表示位移的动词加for表达“到某地取某物”]

1. go for表示“去取回”和“去拿”，暗含有“要求”的意味。

It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。

当go for后接一个动作名词的特殊单数形式时，常表示“去做”。

You can also go for a hike in the countryside. 你可以去乡下做徒步旅行。

2. come for表示“来取；来接”。

Ive come for her belongings. 我来取她的东西。

[“动词+for”表示“为……而奋斗/斗争”]

1. struggle for表示“为……而奋斗/斗争”，其中介词for后接表示“目标；要求”的名词或名词短语。

The young artist was struggling for recognition in the field. 那名青年艺术家正在努力以便得到行业认同。

此外，struggle for还可以接对象或时间。

Indeed， his sun-burnt face and arms and his slim， strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers， for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。

2. fight for表示“为……而战斗”。

Two dogs fight for a bone and a third runs away with it. 两只狗为了一根骨头打斗，结果骨头被第三只狗叼走了。

[ wait for表示“等待”，意指“等候要见的人或等候要用的物”]

Neither a wise man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of the future to run over them. 聪明的人和勇敢的人都不会躺在历史的轨道上等候未来的列车从他们身上碾过。