七选五阅读常见易错点剖析

王锋 杜洁

七选五阅读是近几年高考阅读理解的一个新题型，文章的体裁以说明文和议论文居多。题材主要涉及文化、教育、体育、未来规划、工作实务等内容。文章本身难度略低于常规阅读试题，但是因为在给出的七个选项中，有的选项区分度不大，所以七选五阅读试题的难度实际上比常规阅读试题的难度有所增加，而且会出现由于一处误选导致多处错选的后果。本文旨在对七选五阅读题型中出现的常见错误类型进行剖析，以期提高同学们对七选五阅读题的应试能力。

忽略词汇衔接造成的错误

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例1 （2013北京卷） The migration （迁移） of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization， which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.

In 1990， fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today， over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 3

Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies.

A. That kept cities very small.

B. The rest live in small towns.

C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.

D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.

E. But even 200 years ago， only a few people could live in cities.

F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.

G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

答案 B。

分析 部分同学忽略了82%和2%都属于100%这个整体数字的一部分，去掉82%和2%还有16%，故为“剩下的”（the rest）。还有一部分同学可能没有很好地利用文中的词汇衔接信息。空格前出现了40%、82%、2%这三个百分数，属于数字的一种，那么后文作为全段的一部分，很可能也是关于数量的句子。这是对同学们一种明显的提示。

点拨 英语词汇衔接关系分为词的复现和同现关系。词的复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中。文章的句子通过这种复现关系，达到相互衔接、意义完整。词的同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性。七选五阅读语篇的上下文语境中往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达等，甚至有相同词汇的重复使用。词汇衔接关系是我们解题很好的线索。

[忽略关键信息而造成的错误]

例2 （2014新课标Ⅱ卷）

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience， there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often： ability， money and time. 1 Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule ...

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

答案 B。

分析 同学们往往由于把握不准关键信息而造成选项错误。根据第一句中的几个关键词：ability，money，time，我们可知人们不经常做饭有三个原因。下文先说money is a topic Ill save for another day（钱的问题我们下次再说），接着说So today I ... make the most of the time，谈及了money和time。故空格处谈论的应是与ability有关的话题。

点拨 同学们应如何利用关键词解题呢？具体而言，在解题时要比较文章和选项中的关键词。若匹配，则该选项很可能就是正确答案。具体步骤如下：

（1）阅读各个空格的前后句，标记关键词。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组、数词、代词、连词等；

（2）阅读各个选项并标记关键词；

（3）比较并匹配上述两类关键词，最终确定答案。

[忽略意义衔接而造成的错误]

例3 （2014新课标Ⅱ卷）

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook？ Do you have the right materials ready？ 2

Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal， make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread？ 3 it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

答案 3. C。

分析 部分同学可能忽略了语境中上下文前后句的意义衔接，而选择错误答案。根据It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something， 可知“一次多做一点面包与少做一点花费的时间差不多”，再由本段最后一句 so save yourself the effort for a future meal可知，一次多做一点面包还可以为未来节省精力。故作者建议我们：一次多做一些以备后用，从而让我们的时间更有价值。

点拨 对于阅读语篇句子间意义衔接的考查是阅读补全七选五的常考点之一。同学们在分析语篇段落层次时，可以借助上下文、前后句间的语篇连接词来判断。此外，同学们要真正理解文章的主旨大意，弄清空格前后句子的确切含义，然后根据意义的连贯性从七个选项中选出正确答案。最后，同学们要将所选的选项代入原文，看短文语言是否通顺，逻辑是否合理，从而验证答案。

[忽略逻辑关系而造成的错误]

例4 （2012全国卷）

Kidshealth： Four steps for fighting stress

Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：

（1） Get support. When you need help， reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult”， such as parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems， such as dealing with a test， or the death of a beloved pet.

（2） Dont take it out on yourself ...

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.

C. Different people feel stress in different ways.

D. Ah， it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And dont forget about your friends.

G. Then， find a way to calm down.

答案 2. F。

分析 部分同学可能没有注意本空到与后文的逻辑关系。仔细阅读短文，我们可以看出空格的上文指出：当你需要帮助时，可以向关心自己的人求助，这些人包括自己的父母或亲人，后文又说他们也许有相似的经历，诸如在如何处理考试等事情上。扫遍7个选项，只有F项合适，因为最有可能与我们在诸如考试这类问题上有相似经历的人自然是我们的朋友。其他选项均不相关。

同学们通过选项F中的and这个并列连词，可以推断上下文之间为并列的逻辑关系。and和friends是两个关键的解题提示。

点拨 文章中及后面的选项中表示逻辑关系的标志词，是选择答案的重要线索。常见的语篇标志词从细节、逻辑上可分为：

并列或递进关系（firstly，and，or，moreover， whats more ...）；

转折或让步关系（but，however，instead，yet ...）；

概括归纳关系（in short，in brief，in summary ...）；

因果关系（so， therefore，thus，as a result ...）；

时间关系（at first，at last，finally）；

解释例证关系（in fact，for example，for instance ...）。

[忽略结构衔接而造成的错误]

例5 （2014北京卷）

Evaluating Sources （来源） of health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information， how to separate fact from opinions， how to recognize poor reasoning， and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 1

Go to the original source ...

Watch for misleading language ...

Use your common sense ...

5 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration， but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us ...

A. Make choice that are right for you.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

答案 1. G。

5. A。

分析 部分同学可能忽略了文章的结构而造成错选答案。本篇的短文结构为“总-分”。go to the original source，watch for misleading language，use your common sense以及make choices that are right for you，都属于作者对辨别正确的健康信息提供的建议。因此得出：第一空（总述）的答案为G；再根据空5后的but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. 与A项Make choices that are right for you. 相对应，故空5选A。

点拨 文章的层次通常包含两种：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，另一种是分析每个段落内部的层次。一般说来，高考的英语文章，无论是整篇文章，还是每个独立的语段，在行文逻辑上，通常采用的都是“总-分”或“总-分-总”结构。同学们在阅读文章时，要有意识地理清文章的思路。