阅读理解之邻里篇

杨书枝供稿

阅读理解之邻里篇

杨书枝供稿

俗话说“远亲不如近邻，近邻不如对门”，又说“千金买宅，万金买邻”，足见邻居之于生活的意义。和谐融洽的邻里关系会使得生活充盈、其乐融融；反之则会阴霾不断、鸡犬不宁，生活质量大打折扣。

在学习中，我们经常会遇到有关邻里关系的阅读文章。这类文章多以记叙或夹叙夹议的形式呈现，它们通过写人记事来揭示文章主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺叙或倒叙的方法。所设题目通常是一些细节问题，常与Who、What、When、Where、Why和How有关，考查时间、地点、人物以及事件的起因、经过和结果，有时也考查其中引发的议论和思考。

解答此类题目时，我们要做到以下几点：首先，抓住文章的六个要素。不是每篇文章都有完整的六个要素，但找出这些要素是正确快速解题的先决条件；其次，注意作者的观点与态度。此类文章常伴有作者思想感情的流露，或议论或抒情，它们往往体现文章的主旨或写作意图，要细细体会；再次，有章有据地进行解题判断。无论是分析细节还是归纳主题，切不可脱离文章，要让我们的分析有章可循、有据可依。

下面就是两篇有关邻里关系的阅读文章。在不同的邻里关系中，人们收获了什么、又遭遇了什么？而文章后的问题又该如何解答呢？

【专题训练A】

After retiring, Uncle Huang and his wife moved into a new neighborhood in 2010. They hoped to live a happy life there.

Unfortunately, they have got into trouble since 2011. “Almost every night, from 9:00 to 12:00, there are always strange sounds coming from the neighbor upstairs,” said Aunt Huang.

“We are both over 60 years old, and we want to live peacefully and quietly. But the two children upstairs always make a lot of different noises. They run, pull chairs or drop something. So it’s hard for us to fall asleep. My wife has to eat medicine or sleeping pills. We both have lost a lot of weight. My wife is even 15 kilos lighter than she used to be,” said Uncle Huang.

After communicating with the neighbor, the problem still hasn’t been solved. That made Uncle Huang very angry. “The building is thin itself, but if the parents pay more attention to their children’s activities and ask them to be quieter, it will be better,” said Uncle Huang.

1. What troubled Uncle Huang and his wife?

A. The building itself.

B. The neighbor downstairs.

C. The sound from upstairs.

D. The stranger in the neighborhood.

2.____isn’t mentioned in the third paragraph.

A. Talking loudly B. Running C. Pulling chairs D. Dropping things

3. Aunt Huang ate sleeping pills because____.

A. she was badly ill

B. the noise made her not fall asleep

C. the problem was solved

D. she wanted to lose her weight

4. The underlined word “That” refers to____.

A. they are both over 60 years old

B. they hope to live a happy life

C. communicating with the neighbor

D. the problem hasn’t been solved

5. What can we know from the passage?

A. Uncle Huang lives a peaceful and quiet life.

B. There are five people in the neighbor’s family.

C. The two children should be asked to be quieter.

D. Parents shouldn’t say anything to their children.

【专题训练B】

There is a special library in a neighborhood. It is built by Jose Gutierrez, a garbage collector.

Jose is 53 years old. When he was in Grade Two, his family was so poor that he had to leave school then. But that did not prevent Jose from having a love of reading that he got from his mother who read stories to him every night.

Jose hopes that every poor child in his city can have books to read. But it seems to be difficult. Books are luxuries（奢侈品）for boys and girls in low-income neighborhoods such as his, with new reading materials at bookstores too expensive. Though there are 19 libraries in Bogota, the city where Jose lives, they are all far away from poorer areas.

Jose started collecting old books at the age of 33. Every day he drives the garbage truck through the city’s rich neighborhoods to get old books. Now there are about 20,000 books in Jose’s small house. It is already a famous library in his neighborhood and many poor children like to look for books there.

1. What did Jose get from his mother?

A. The famous library. B. The love of reading.

C. A neighborhood. D. Some luxuries.

2. The meaning of the underlined word “low-income” is ____.

A. 低碳的 B. 低声的 C. 低收入的 D. 低趣味的

3. Jose has collected old books for____ years.

A. 53 B. 35 C. 20 D. 12

4. How did Jose collect old books?

A. By asking people to give old books to him.

B. By saving old books from garbage.

C. By buying old books in rich neighborhoods.

D. By borrowing old books from the libraries.

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Jose Gutierrez is from Bogota.

B. Jose lives in a poor neighborhood.

C. It’s kind of Jose to help poor children to read.

D. The special library isn’t helpful to poor children at all.

【答案解析】

A

黄伯和黄姨退休后搬到了一个新小区，希望在那里安度晚年。不料，来自楼上的噪音让他们陷入了困境……

1. C. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“...there are always strange sounds coming from the neighbor upstairs.”及第三段中的“But the two children upstairs always make a lot of different noises.”可知他们为来自楼上的声音所困扰。

2. A. 细节理解题。由本段中的第三句话“They run, pull chairs or drop something.”可知“Talking loudly”没有被提到。

3. B. 细节理解题。由第三段的第四、五句话“So it’s hard for us to fall asleep. My wife has to eat medicine or sleeping pills.”可知黄姨吃安眠药是因为噪音让她无法入睡。

4. D. 词义猜测题。由第四段的第一句话“After communicating with the neighbor, the problem still hasn’t been solved.”可知沟通无果是造成黄伯生气的原因，故“That”指代“问题依然没有解决”。

5. C. 细节理解题。A项所述与黄伯正为噪音所扰不符；两个孩子加上他们的父母一共是四口人，所以B项所述与原文不符；由最后一段中黄伯的话“...and ask them to be quieter, it will be better.”可知C项所述与原文相符；由最后一段中黄伯的话可知父母应该对孩子有所指导，所以D项所述与原文不符。故选C。

B

本文主要介绍了Jose Gutierrez以及他在富裕小区捡拾旧书、在贫穷小区建立特殊图书馆的事迹。

1. B. 细节理解题。由第二段尾句“But that did not prevent Jose from having a love of reading that he got from his mother who read stories to him every night.”可知他在妈妈那儿得到的是对读书的热爱，故选B。

2. C. 词义猜测题。由第三段第三句话的“luxuries”及第三段尾句中的“poorer areas”可推知low-income意为“低收入的”。

3. C. 细节理解题。由第二段的首句“Jose is 53 years old.”及第四段的首句“Jose started collecting old books at the age of 33.”可知他收集旧书已经20年了，故选C。

4. B. 细节理解题。由第四段的第二句话“Every day he drives the garbage truck through the city’s rich neighborhoods to get old books.”可知他是从垃圾中捡拾旧书，故选B。

5. D. 细节理解题。A项所述与第三段的最后一句话“Though there are 19 libraries in Bogota, the city where Jose lives...”相符；B项所述同样与第三段的最后一句话相符；C项所述与文章对Jose的赞赏相符；D项所述与文章的最后一句话“…and many poor children like to look for books there.”不符。故选D。

杨书枝，中学英语一级教师、市级骨干教师、英语学科带头人、“研教”双佳教师。有多篇论文发表于省级、国家级刊物；主编《中学教学全解》《中学教材全练》《英语阅读专项突破与特训》《开心英语阅读理解150篇》《轻松阅读训练》等书籍；被《英语周报》等报刊评为“骨干作者”和“精英作者”。多次押中中考的阅读理解、完形填空及书面表达题。