Science Facts About Six Members of the Cat Family 爱猫及猫:猫科动物知多少 Track 10

2016-11-27 03:27byanonymous
疯狂英语·初中天地 2016年1期
关键词:美洲豹花豹亚科

by anonymous

翻译:小狐

Science Facts About Six Members of the Cat Family 爱猫及猫:猫科动物知多少 Track 10

by anonymous

翻译:小狐

猫科动物是食肉目下九个科中肉食性最强的哺乳动物,分为猫亚科、豹亚科、猎豹亚科、剑齿虎亚科和原小熊猫亚科,目前猫科动物有38种。本文介绍了其中六种猫科动物:猫、花豹、猎豹、美洲豹、虎和狮子。怎样区分这里提到的三种豹子呢?小编告诉大家一个小窍门哦:leopard在亚洲的亚种称为金钱豹,在非洲的亚种称为花豹,也可泛指“豹子”,leopard的主要特征是身上有黑色或褐色的中空圆环花纹,形似中国古铜钱币;cheetah(猎豹,又名印度豹)很好辨认,体型纤细,从其嘴角到眼角有一道黑色条纹,它并非豹亚科豹属动物,而是“自立门户”的猎豹亚科猎豹属;jaguar(美洲豹)身上有较大的黑色圆环,环中有一个或多个黑色的斑点,是豹属动物,但因其体型像虎,所以又叫美洲虎。一起来了解一下这六种猫科动物的有趣小知识吧!

Cats and humans have been1)associated for nearly 10,000 years.

Cats save energy by sleeping for2)an average of 13 to14 hours a day.

A group of cats is called a3)clowder.A male cat is called a tom.A female cat is called a molly or queen, while young cats are called kittens.

Cats can be very4)sneaky.When they walk, their back paws step almost exactly in the same place as the front paws did before.This keeps noise to a5)minimum and limits6)visible7)tracks.

Cats have powerful night8)vision, allowing them to see at light levels six times lower than what a human needs in order to see.

Cats also have excellent hearing and a powerful sense of smell.

On average cats live for around 12 to 15 years.

9)Leopards hunt at night.

Adult leopards are10)solitary animals.Each adult leopard has its own area to live in.

A leopard’s tail is just about as long as its entire body.This helps it with balance and helps it make sharp turns quickly.

Leopards can run at speeds of up to 57 kilometres11)per hour.They are also excellent swimmers and climbers and can12)leap and jump long distances.

Leopards protect their food from other animals by13)dragging it high up into the trees.They will often leave their14)prey up in the tree for days and return only when they are hungry!

One way to15)recognise a16)cheetah is by the long,black “tear lines” which run from the inside of each eye to the mouth.These lines help protect the cheetah’s eyes from the sun and help them to see long distances.

The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world.They can reach a top speed of around 113 km per hour and can go from 0 to 113 km in just a few seconds.

Cheetahs cannot climb trees.

Cheetahs only need to drink once every three to four days.

Cheetahs are the only big cat that cannot17)roar.They can18)purr though.

Cheetahs can spot prey from 5 km away during the day but have poor night vision.

With their light body weight and19)blunt paws, cheetahs are not good at protecting themselves or their prey.So in the wild, it will give up its catch to avoid a fight with a larger or more powerful animal.

The20)jaguar is the third largest of the big cats after the tiger and the lion.

With its spotted coat the jaguar looks very much like the leopard which is found in Asia and Africa.However, the jaguar is larger and has a21)stockier build than the leopard.It also has fewer but bigger spots with small dots in the middle.

Like the tiger, jaguars enjoy water and are good at swimming.

Jaguars roam, hunt and live alone, only coming together to mate.

A male will protect his area and the22)resident females within it from other males.

1) associate [ə'səʊʃIeIt] v.使…产生联系

2) an average of 平均是……,平均有……

3) clowder ['klaʊdə] n.一群(猫)

4) sneaky ['sniːkI] adj.鬼鬼祟祟的

5) minimum ['mInIməm] n.最低限度,最小量

6) visible ['vIzIbl] adj.看得见的,可见的

7) track [træk] n.足迹,痕迹,车辙

8) vision ['vIʒn] n.视力

9) leopard ['lepəd] n.花豹,金钱豹

10) solitary ['sɒlItərI] adj.独居的

11) per [pə] prep.每

12) leap [liːp] v.跳跃,飞跃

13) drag [dræg] v.拖,拽

14) prey [preI] n.猎物

15) recognise ['rekəgnaIz] v.识别

16) cheetah [tʃiːtə]n.猎豹,印度豹(产于南亚及非洲)

17) roar [rɔː] v.吼,咆哮

18) purr [pʒː] v.发出喉音,(猫)发出呜呜声

19) blunt [blʌnt] adj.钝的

20) jaguar ['dʒægwαː]n.美洲豹,又名美洲虎,猫科豹属动物

21) stocky ['stɒkI] adj.矮壮的,短粗的

22) resident ['rezIdənt] adj.常驻的,不迁徙的

The jaguar has a very powerful jaw.Its bite23)exerts more force than that of a lion.

Jaguars live in the wild for 11-15 years, but kept by humans they can live over 20 years.

Tigers can reach a length of up to 3.3 metres and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.

Tiger cubs leave their mother when they are around 2 years of age.

A group of tigers is known as an “24)ambush” or “25)streak”.

Tigers are good swimmers and can swim up to 6 kilometres.

Rare white tigers carry a gene that is only26)present in around 1 in every 10,000 tigers.

Tigers usually hunt alone at night.

Tigers have been known to reach speeds up to 6527)kph.

Tigers can easily jump over 5 metres in length.

Tigers that28)breed with lions give birth to29)hybrids known as30)tigons and31)ligers.

Lions are the second largest big cat32)species in the world (behind tigers).

Lions can reach speeds of up to 81 kph but only in short33)bursts because of a lack of energy.

The roar of a lion can be heard from 8 kilometers away.

Most lions found in the wild live in southern and eastern parts of Africa.

Lions are very social compared to other cat species,often living in prides that feature females,34)offspring and a few adult males.

Male lions are easy to recognise thanks to their35)distinctive36)manes.Males with darker manes are more likely to attract female lions.

Lions in the wild live for around 12 years.

Lionesses are better hunters than males and do most of the hunting.

In the wild, lions rest for around 20 hours a day.

23) exert [Ig'zʒːt] v.尽力,施加(力气)

24) ambush ['æmbʊʃ] n.伏兵

25) streak [striːk] n.条纹

26) present ['preznt] adj.存在的

27) kph=kilometer(s) per hour

28) breed [briːd] v.繁殖

29) hybrid ['haIbrId] n.杂种,混血儿

30) tigon ['taIgən] n.(雄虎和雌狮生的)虎狮

31) liger ['laIgə] n.(雄狮和雌虎生的)狮虎

32) species ['spiːʃiːz] n.(物)种,人种

33) burst ['bʒːst] n.速度的突然增加

34) offspring ['ɒfsprIŋ] n.幼兽,后裔

35) distinctive [dI'stIŋktIv]adj.与众不同的,突出的

36) mane [meIn] n.鬃毛

·猫和人类在约一万年前开始建立联系。

·猫通过睡眠来保存能量,平均一天要睡上13到14个小时。

·英语中,一群猫被称为“clowder”。公猫被称为“tom(雄猫)”。母猫被称为“molly”或“queen”,而幼猫则被称为“kitten”。

·猫有时会很鬼祟。当它们走路时,后爪能刚好落在前爪之前落下的地方。这能将噪音降至最低,并减少可见足迹。

·猫有着很强的夜视能力,它们在光线比人类所需的低六个等级时也能有正常的视线。

·猫还有着卓越的听力和灵敏的嗅觉。

·猫的平均寿命为12到15年。

·花豹在夜间狩猎捕食。

·成年花豹是独居动物。每只成年花豹都有着自己的活动领地。

·花豹的尾巴几乎和它的身体一样长。这能帮助它保持平衡并迅速地急转弯。

·花豹的奔跑速度可达每小时57公里。它们也是游泳健将和卓越的攀爬者,还能够远距离跳跃。

·花豹将其猎物拖到树的高处来保护其不被其他动物抢占。花豹常将其猎物留在树上数日,待到饥饿时才回来进食!

·辨认猎豹的一个方法是,它们的眼睛里有一条长黑“泪线”一直延伸到嘴巴旁边。这些“泪线”能帮助保护猎豹的眼睛不受阳光的刺激,并帮助它们看得更远。

·猎豹是世界上奔跑速度最快的陆生动物。它们的最高速度能达到约每小时113公里,并能在短短数秒内从静止加速到113公里。

·猎豹不会爬树。

·它们只需每三四天喝一次水。

·它们是唯一一种不能咆哮的大型猫科动物,不过它们能发出咕噜咕噜的喉音。

·它们在白天能够辨认出五公里以外的猎物,但夜视能力很差。

·猎豹有着轻盈的身体和驽钝的爪子,因此不善于保护自己及其猎物。因此在野外它会放弃猎物,以避免和体型更大或更有攻击力的动物战斗。

·美洲豹的体型在大型猫科动物中是第三大,仅次于老虎和狮子。

·一身斑点的毛皮使得美洲豹与在亚洲和非洲发现的花豹极为相似。然而,美洲豹体型更大,且比花豹更为矮壮,圆环花斑更少但更大,中间还带有一些小斑点。

·就像虎一样,美洲豹喜欢水且擅长游泳。

·美洲豹独自漫游、捕食和居住,只在交配时相聚。·雄性美洲豹会保卫自己的领地和栖息其中的雌豹不受其他雄豹打扰。

·美洲豹有着非常强健的颌骨,其咬合力要比狮子的更胜一筹。

·野生美洲豹能活11到15年,而人类豢养的能活超过20年。

·虎的身长可达3.3米,体重可达300公斤。

·幼虎大约在两岁时会离开母虎身边。

·英语中,一群虎被称为“ambush”或“streak”。·虎是游泳健将,能够游上6公里。

·稀有的白虎携带特殊的基因,大约每一万只虎中才会有一只白虎。

·虎通常在夜间独自捕猎。

·已知虎的奔跑速度高达每小时65公里。

·虎能轻易跃出5米远。

·虎与狮杂交所生的混种被称为“虎狮兽”和“狮虎兽”。

·狮子是世界上第二大的猫科动物(仅次于虎)。

·狮子的奔跑速度能达到每小时81公里,但只能在瞬间爆发时达到,因为缺乏能量。

·一声狮吼在8公里之外都能听到。

·已发现的野生狮子大多数生活在非洲的南部和东部。

·与其他猫科动物相比,狮子非常合群,通常过着群居生活,以母狮和幼崽为主,以及一些成年雄狮。·多亏了雄狮独特的鬃毛,它们很容易辨认。雄狮的鬃毛颜色越深就越容易吸引雌狮。

·野生狮子的寿命约为12年。

·母狮的捕食技术要强于雄狮,并包揽了大部分的捕食任务。

·野生的狮子每天要休息约20个小时。

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