丝线与薇乔线缝合躯干四肢裂伤的临床研究

2016-12-17 08:14林富祥
中国医药科学 2016年18期
关键词:拆线丝线躯干

黄 波 林富祥

1.广东省惠州市第三人民医院 广州医科大学附属惠州医院急诊科,广东惠州 516002;2.广东省惠州市卫生职业技术学院外科教研室,广东惠州 516002

丝线与薇乔线缝合躯干四肢裂伤的临床研究

黄 波1林富祥2▲

1.广东省惠州市第三人民医院 广州医科大学附属惠州医院急诊科,广东惠州 516002;2.广东省惠州市卫生职业技术学院外科教研室,广东惠州 516002

目的 比较丝线与薇乔线缝合急诊躯干及四肢裂伤的美容效果及并发症。 方法 这是一项随机对照试验,研究对象为2010年1月~2014年6月到我院急诊外科就诊患者,根据患者就诊先后顺序随机编为单双号,单号进入丝线组,双号进入薇乔线组。缝合后随访14d,隔天换药,丝线组于第14天均拆线,薇乔线组无需拆线,随访期间观察患者伤口感染及裂开情况,拆线后3个月嘱患者返院复诊,并由整形科医生使用100mm视觉模拟评分法对伤口美容效果进行评估。 结果 完成随访者中,两组在性别、年龄、创伤类型及裂口长度上均无差异。丝线组感染发生率较薇乔线组低(2.8% VS 5.3%,P=0.138),丝线组和薇乔线组均无伤口裂开,丝线组的100mm视觉模拟评分得分较薇乔线组稍高(53.2mm VS 52.6mm,P=0.900),统计检验表明,两组的美容效果和并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。 结论 在缝合急诊躯干及四肢裂伤时,薇乔线的美容效果和并发症发生率无差异,可以替代丝线使用。

可吸收线;不可吸收线;裂伤;美容;并发症

躯干和四肢裂伤,是急诊外科常见的疾病,需急诊清创缝合。临床上用于缝合伤口的缝线包括不可吸收线(如丝线)和可吸收线(如薇乔线,羊肠线),两者对于裂伤口缝合的美容效果及并发症发生情况尚无定论,本研究通过随机对照试验,探讨和比较丝线与薇乔线缝合急诊躯干及四肢裂伤的美容效果及并发症,为临床合理选择缝线提供理论依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

研究对象选取2010年1月~2014年6月到惠州市第三人民医院院急诊外科就诊的躯干和四肢裂伤患者(不包括头面部裂伤),伤口无明显污染,对皮完整,可一期缝合的。

1.2方法

研究方案由医院伦理委员会讨论通过。告知患者治疗方法,是否接受追踪随访,获得患者同意后,进行研究。纳入的研究对象,根据就诊的时间先后顺序编码为单双号,单号进入丝线组,双号进入薇乔线组,各纳入300例。缝线大小选择3-0,均选择单纯间断缝合,伤口隔天换药,丝线组第14天均拆线,薇乔线组线结自行脱落。见图1。

图1 研究流程图

1.3观察指标

观察患者伤口感染及裂开情况,拆线后3个月由整形科医生(不知道缝线类型)使用100mm视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对美容效果进行评估[1],VAS评分越低说明伤口愈合美容效果越差,评分越高说明伤口愈合美容效果越好。

1.4统计学方法

应用SPSS 17.0统计软件,计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1研究对象一般情况

丝线组300例,完成随访与美容评估者有247例,失访或未完成美容评估者53例。完成随访和评估的病例中,男134例,女113例;年龄3~75岁,平均(37.8±15.4)岁。薇乔线组300例,完成随访与美容评估者有235例,失访或未完成美容评估者65例,完成随访和评估的病例中,男109例,女126例;年龄4~68岁,平均(39.1±19.2)岁。丝线组和薇乔线组在性别(P=0.084),年龄(P=0.671),裂口长度(P=0.703)等情况的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。

2.2研究对象各项观察指标的结果

在随访期间,丝线组和薇乔线组发生伤口感染分别为7例和13例(2.8% VS 5.3%,P=0.138),两组均无伤口裂开。丝线组和薇乔线组VAS评分分 别 为(53.2±10.6)(43.8~66.5)和(52.6±8.4)(45.6~67.2)(P=0.900),统计学检验证实两组在并发症及伤口美容效果无明显差异。见表2。

表1 丝线组及微乔线组完成随访的患者的一般情况比较

表2 丝线组及微乔线组完成随访的患者发生的并发症及VAS评分比较

3 讨论

本研究结果表明,丝线和薇乔线缝合躯干和四肢裂伤的美容效果和并发症无明显差异。目前,临床上医生主要倾向于使用丝线缝合裂口,理由是丝线比较容易缝合,且较牢固,在伤口愈合前不易开裂,很少引起患者不适感觉,如疼痛等[2-4]。但对于丝线缝合,薇乔线的优点是缝线可自行脱落,不需要拆线,可以明显减轻患者的不安和焦虑,尤其是儿童患者,减少后续护理[5-8]。本研究证实丝线缝合躯干和四肢,其伤口愈合后美容效果相当,可替代使用。传统缝合躯干四肢多采用丝线,较少采用微乔线,主要担心其并发症的发生,比如伤口感染,比如伤口裂开等,本研究结果显示,丝线组和微乔线组术后并发症的发生并无差异,可放心使用,而且微乔线的诸多优点,结合本研究的结果,我们认为薇乔线可以作为外伤性裂伤缝合的良好选择。但微乔线缝合价格较高,仍是限制其使用的主要原因[6]。有学者认为羊肠线价格便宜,是较好的替代品,且具有可吸收线的一般优点,但由于羊肠线伤口疼痛较薇乔线大,且更容易发生伤口感染[9],本研究暂不予对照,但在后续研究中可能探讨。

薇乔线在过去的头面部裂伤研究中早已探讨[10-11],本研究的创新之处在于探讨薇乔线在躯干和四肢的缝合,这些部位往往愈合更慢[12-13],使用薇乔线缝合是否增加伤口感染和裂开的机会,尚存争议。薇乔线在躯体其他部位均显现出较好的应用价值[14-15],本研究结果可作为这些研究的补充。虽然我们的结果显示丝线组和薇乔线组之间的差异不大,但与以往的头面部裂伤研究相比,我们的美容效果评分VAS明显低得多[10]。究其原因是头面部愈合时间快,躯干及四肢愈合时间长,且本研究VAS评估时间较短,为拆线后3个月,如果VAS评估时间调整为拆线后6个月或更长时间,本研究的VAS可能较当前的VAS高,这有待继续随访和评价。

虽然我们发现两个研究组之间的结果差别不大,但这正为我们使用薇乔线缝合躯干及四肢裂伤提供了依据,尤其是应用于小儿患者。我们的结果提示使用薇乔线缝合这些部位的裂伤美容效果与丝线相当,且并不增加感染和裂开的风险。

综上所述,在缝合躯干及四肢裂伤时,急诊科医生需考虑到可以使用可吸收线薇乔线进行缝合,尤其是儿童患者及焦虑患者。因为薇乔线在美容效果及并发症发生率上与丝线无明显差异,而薇乔线具有自行脱落,无需拆线等优点。

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Clinical research on stitching laceration of trunk limbs with silk thread and vicryl

HUANG Bo1LIN Fuxiang2
1. Department of Emergency, the Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Huizhou Medical University, Guangdong, Huizhou 516002, China; 2. Department of Surgery, Huizhou Career Technical College, Guangdong, Huizhou 516002, China

Objective To compare the cosmetic results and complications of silk thread and vicryl to stitch laceration of trunk limbs. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. The patients cured in the department of surgery of our hospital from January 2010 to June 2014 were selected as the objects. According to the order of visiting, patients were randomly assigned to odd numbers and even numbers. Patients of odd numbers were silk group, and patients of even numbers were vicryl group. The patients were followed up for 14 days with next day dressing. Patients in silk group took out stitches on the fourteenth day. Patients in vicryl group were no stitches. Wound infection and rupture in patients should be observed during the follow-up period. Patients were asked to return to the hospital to visit 3 months after stitches. The cosmetic effect was evaluated by the plastic surgeon using the 100mm visual analogue scale. Results For patients complete followed up, there were no differences in sex, age, type of trauma and length of the gap between the two groups. Incidence of infection of silk group was less than that of vicryl group (2.8% VS 5.3%, P=0.138). No wound was split in the two groups. The 100mm visual analogue scale score of silk group was higher than that of vicryl group (53.2mm VS 52.6mm, P=0.900). Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference in the cosmetic results and the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conclusion When the emergency trunk and extremities laceration suture, cosmetic effect and complication incidence of vicryl are no difference, which can replace the use of silk thread.

Absorbable line; Non absorbable line; Laceration; Cosmetic; Complication

R641

B

2095-0616(2016)18-168-03

(2016-03-19)

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