以校园欺凌school bully为例，浅谈如何“备”出高考好作文

丁琼

《2017年江苏省高考说明》书面表达部分要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。考生应能：（1） 根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用恰当的词汇；（2） 使用一定的句型，词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息和表达思想。《普通高中英语课程标准（试验）》 也对学生的作文提出了明确的分级标准。

在高中英语教学的实践过程中，笔者发现高中学生的英语写作能力较为贫乏，远远没有达到高考写作的要求，无法在规定的时间（30分钟）内较好的完成写作任务。其主要问题可以分为两个方面：（1）无话可说：在写作过程中，学生必须运用所学英语知识来表达自身经历、对某一现象的观点，以及内心的感受等。而在高考紧张的氛围和有限的时间内，学生往往会出现头脑一片空白的现象，写出来的文章也是毫无内容和新意，从而得不到令人满意的结果。（2）有话说不出：在多年的高中英语教学特别是农村地区的英语教学中，我们发现由于缺少对学生思维的引导以及对写作训练重视不够，大多数学生在写作的过程中，都是是用汉语想好，组织好，再把它们翻译成英文，这样做的结果就是满篇的中式英语，表达不流畅不地道，从而得分较低。

因此，想要解决学生“无话可说”和“有话说不出”的问题，切实提高学生的写作水平，可以从以下两个方面着手：

一、以人为本，放飞思维

在近两年的高三英语教学中，笔者一直注重学生思维的培养，并以学生为中心，思考学生与父母、同学、老师以及社会四个方面的关系，总结出一些贴近他们学习和生活，同时又受到广泛关注的热点话题，比如：成长的烦恼、代沟、教育、友谊、合作与竞争、校园欺凌、科技、环境、经济、文化、压力、休闲、运动、旅游、诚实、自信、尊重、帮助、同情、创新等等。

这些话题中有许多与牛津高中英语模块1-11课文内容相关，所以可以在教学的过程中逐步渗透，从阅读到思考和讨论，最后到写作，在课本输入的同时，注重学生思维的拓展，只有平时的功夫下足了，才能做到无论什么话题都“有话可说”。下面以最近比较热门的校园欺凌school bully为例，看如何将这张思维导图运用到课堂中，从而放飞学生的思维：

阅读材料：

A Beijing mothers article describing how her 10-year-old son was bullied at school went viral， bringing back memories for Chinese people who were bullied and triggering widespread discussion on parenting.

After having a toilet waste-paper basket thrown on his head and being mocked by other classmates， the fourth-grade boy was diagnosed with acute stress disorder， a mental illness characterized by severe anxiety， according to the article published online Thursday.

It said the school described the case as a “joke that went too far，” and that the parents of the boy who threw the basket believed their son was “just being naughty.”

The mother wrote that her son had been bullied for almost a year by his classmate and that his son is still emotionally unstable and not currently going to school.

The guidelines， jointly released by nine organs including the Ministry of Education and the Supreme Peoples Court， ordered schools to be aware of the consequences of bullying and violence， and that officials should take responsibility for serious incidents of bullying or violence in areas in their charge.

如果针对上面这段校园欺凌的材料出题，无非是分析校园欺凌的原因、影响、应对措施。

1.原因：从学生与学生之间关系来看，彼此间的矛盾和冲突，情感纠纷等可能导致校园欺凌；从学校来看：学校过分关注学生的成绩，从而忽视了他们的心理健康；从家长来看，对孩子的过分宠爱导致他们变得自私自利，通过错误的方法获取自己想要的。

2.影响：校园欺凌总体来说会严重损害学生身心健康，不仅使学生无心学习，甚至厌学，逃学，最终毁了他们的美好前途，同时还会带来巨大的心理阴影，导致缺乏自尊和自信心，不利于他们的成长。

3.應对措施：从学校方面来说，应制定严格的校纪校规，处罚蓄意违反者，同时重视孩子的道德发展；家长有责任为孩子树立一个光辉的榜样，并教育孩子生活中要彼此尊重，友好相处，同时加强孩子的自我保护意识；学生自己在面对校园欺凌时，应勇敢与它作斗争，而不是无视或屈服，及时向老师或家长求助。只有共同努力，我们才能解决校园欺凌的问题，建设和谐校园，让学生健康成长。

二、語块积累，灵活运用

要“备”出一篇较好的英语作文，仅仅有了idea还是远远不够的，如何把你的思想和感受很好地表达出来也同样重要，这就要求我们在平时的学习中要注重积累并熟记一些地道的语块。下面是笔者总结出的一些使用频率较高的，作文中不可避免的一些短语和句型：

1.重要性

1） … is of vital importance/significance.

2） Nothing can replace … when it comes to…

4） What is of vital significance is that …

5） We cant emphasize the significance of … too much.

2.积极态度

1） give it a shot/ try.

2） get over/ overcome the difficulties

3） take a positive attitude towards…

4） hold on to the end

5） show sympathy for

6） reach out our hands to those in need.

7） develop a good habit of…

8） keep a balance between…and…

9） be equipped with abundant knowledge

10） be devoted/committed to doing sth

11） take an active part in…

12） spare no effort to do sth

3.积极影响

1） realize ones dream/ make ones dream come true

2） realize ones potential to the fullest

3） achieve ones goal

4） make contributions to …

5） be bound to succeed

6） make a difference to

7） have a profound impact on…

8） lay a solid foundation for

9） be good for/be beneficial to

10） make it possible for sb to do sth

4.消极态度

1） turn a blind eye to

2） be addicted to

3） shrink/hide from ones responsibility to do

4） submit oneself to

5） resign oneself to fate

6） give up on oneself

5.消极影响

1） do harm to/be harmful to physical and mental health

2） end up in failure/ end up nowhere

3） cast a shadow on …

4） pose a threat to…

5） have a negative influence/effect/impact on

6） be not beneficial/ helpful to （doing） sth

7） disturb peoples life tremendously

8） endanger individuals and the whole society

9） become a barrier to…

10） suffer from/ sink into depression

11） commit suicide

12） deprive sb of the right to do sth

6.措施

1） Its high time that effective and concrete measures should be taken to solve the problem.

2） Its strongly recommended that…

3） Its a must/necessity that we should do sth

4） give priority to （doing） sth

5） put…high on the agenda

6） attach importance to （doing） sth

7） strengthen/raise ones awareness of （doing） sth

8） educate people about the importance of

9） put laws in place to punish those who violate…

10） set a good example to

11） appeal to/ call on sb to do sth

12） take… into consideration

13） be fully aware of…

14） take the responsibility to do sth

15） develop a sense of

下面仍以校园欺凌话题为例，写作要求：

1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2.简要分析校园欺凌的影响；

3.谈谈你对校园欺凌问题的应对举措。

面对这样的作文题，我们可以选择性地使用以上句型积累，顺利完成写作任务。以下这篇是本班学生在经过课堂讨论后，结合平时所积累的语块，在原来的基础上进行修改的文章。

A 10-year-old boy was bullied at school by his classmates， to which， each part reacts differently. Nevertheless， the effects that school bully has on children physical and mental health has raised widespread concern.

There is no doubt that school bully and violence does no good to students growth. Not only will it pose a threat to students physical health， leading them to suffer from depression even commit suicide， but also it may well cast a shadow on their mental health， accounting for their lack of confidence， which is not beneficial to their future development in the long term. Whats worse， the phenomenon will deprive students of their right to enjoy a harmonious school life， endangering individuals and the whole society.

Therefore， in a gesture to promote the healthy growth of students， its high time that we should take concrete and effective measures to wrestle with it. First and foremost， the government and school authorities are expected to cooperate with each other to put relevant laws and regulations in place and enforce strict punishment against it. Whats more， parents should take their responsibility to educate children about the importance of respecting others. Last but not least， its a must for us students to raise our awareness of protecting ourselves and fighting against school bully instead of turning a blind eye to it. Only through combined efforts can we remove school bully and create a harmonious environment for students， which lays a solid foundation for their brilliant future.

綜上所述，高考作文并没有想象中的那么可怕，只要能够快速理性地思考所给话题，结合平时熟记于心的表达方法，我相信，学生一定能够“备”出好作文，交出令人满意的答卷。