高考对动词及动词词组的考查

李俊玲

河南

动词及动词词组是英语语法的核心，也是构成一个句子最基本的成分。动词及动词词组的灵活运用是英语的一大特点，是学生学习中的难点，更是每年高考中测试的重点。本文通过近三年高考对动词及动词词组的真题进行分析和总结，希望能够帮助学生提高动词及动词词组试题的解题能力。

一、考查具体语境中动词词义的辨析

近三年，高考对动词词义的考查，多出现在完形填空中。在做题时，要根据上下文的语境和选项中动词的含义来确定最终答案。

【典例1】________the vehicle， they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. （2016年全国卷I，完形填空）

A. Starting

B. Parking

C. Passing

D. Approaching

解析：根据语境可知，应该是靠近车。start“开始，发动”；park“泊车”；pass“经过，传递”；approach“靠近”。故答案选D。

【典例2】My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way， we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said， “________my job. Family to feed.”（2015年全国卷I，完形填空）

A. Lost

B. Changed

C. Quit

D. Finished

解析：根据上下文可知，纸上写的是“丢了工作，还有家人要养活。”故答案选A。

二、考查动词近义词的辨析

【典例1】Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to________the soul of Qu Yuan.（2014年江苏卷）

A. remember

B. remind

C. recover

D. recall

解析：remember， remind， recall 三个词意思相近。remember“记住，记起”；remind“提醒，使想起”；recover“恢复”；recall“使想起，回想，召回”；根据句子意思可知，答案选D。

【典例2】 Larry works with Transport Drivers， Inc. One morning in 2009， Larry was________along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers. （2016年全国卷I，完形填空）

A. walking

B. touring

C. traveling

D. rushing

解析：根据文意可知，Larry在运输公司工作，在2009年的一個早上，Larry 正沿着165公路向北行驶着。tour“旅行，巡回演出”；travel“旅行，行驶”，根据题意可知，答案应该选C。

三、考查动词的熟词生义和一词多义

从近三年的高考真题来看，高考命题非常重视对动词的熟词生义和一词多义的考查，这种现象多出现在完形和阅读中。有些考生不懂这些熟词的“新含义”，而无法正确理解文章或题干的含义，因此丢分。

【典例1】They had begun to integrate （融合）the kinds of play and teamwork they had ________the day before into their game.（2015年全国卷II，完形填空）

A. seen

B. know

C. heard

D. read

解析：A。see常见的含义是“看见”，根据本空前后的意思可知，这里的含义应是“领会，理解”。如：It shows that your child hasnt seen the point of the story.这表明你的孩子还没有领会故事的意思。此外，see 还有“认为，见证，参观”等含义。

【典例2】Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. （2016年全国卷II，任务型阅读）

解析：translate 常见含义是“翻译”，但在这个句子里是“转变，转化”的意思。再如：Your decision must be translated into specific， concrete actions. 你的决定必须转化为具体明确的行动。此外，translate 还有“理解， 解释”的含义。

【典例3】 During the war， my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. （2016年浙江卷，完形填空）

解析：station常见的意思是“车站”，在本句中的新义是“驻扎”。

四、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析

动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例也很大，主要出现在完形填空题中，四个选项是四个不同的动词短语，以此来考查考生在语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。

【典例1】Once fire and emergency people arrived， Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work.（2016年全国卷I，完形填空）

A. stepped forward

B. backed off

C. moved on

D. set out

解析：根据 “let them go to work”，可知答案选B。step forward“迈向前”；back off“后退”；move on“继续”；set out“出发”。

【典例2】Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to ________my own cancer experience？（2015年江苏卷，完形填空）

A. learn from

B. go over

C. get through

D. refer to

解析：根据“look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again”及后半句意思可知，答案选C。learn from“向……学习”；go over“复习”； get through“熬过，通过”；refer to“参考，涉及，指的是”。

【典例3】That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to ________the challenge of getting things fixed.（2014年重庆卷，完形填空）

A. come up with

B. face up to

C. look forward to

D. step away from

解析：根据上下文可知，作者不得不面对这一挑战，故答案选B。come up with“提出”；face up to“勇敢面对”；look forward to“盼望，期望”；step away from“远离”。

五、考查同根动词短语的辨析

对同根动词短语辨析的考查，也多在完形填空题中进行考查。根据上下文和语境来确定答案。这要求学生对同根动词所构成的动词短语要有精准的掌握。

【典例】The man who had his bright lights on ________and told Larry he had made an emergency call.（2016年全国卷I，完形填空）

A. came down

B. came through

C. came in

D. came over

解析：句意：车灯一直亮着的车的车主走了过来，告诉Larry 他已经打了急救电话。come down“下降，降低，被拆毁”；come through“经历”；come in“進入，卷入”；come over“走过来”。根据语境可知，答案为D。

六、考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析

【典例】It ________that among other things， he was an eighty-year-old writer. （2015年江苏卷，完形填空）

A. came out

B. worked out

C. proved out

D. turned out

解析：come out“出版，开花”；work out “锻炼，计算出”；prove out“证明”；turn out“结果是，原来是”。根据句意可知，答案为D。

七、考查动词短语中的介词或副词的搭配

动词与介词或副词构成的短语也是高考中的主要考点，这类题多在完形填空题、语法填空题和短文改错题中进行考查。学生在日常的学习中，要多对包含有介词或副词的动词短语进行归纳记忆。

【典例1】My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.（2016 年全国卷，短文改错）

解析：dream of/about doing sth“梦想做某事”，故在dreams后加of/about。

【典例2】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal ________our emotions than for straight facts. （2015年浙江卷）

解析：appeal to“对……有吸引力，对……有感染力”，固定搭配。故答案填to。

【典例3】 Anyway， were here now， so lets get down ________ some serious work.

解析：get down to“开始做，着手做”，固定搭配。故答案填to。

八、常考动词短语归纳

1. break

break down 损坏，出毛病

break in 闯入，插话

break off （使）分离，停止，断交

break out （战争等）爆发，逃出（无被动式）

break through 突围，突破

break up 驱散，（使）散开

break away from 脱离，打破，放弃

2. bring

bring about 使倒下，使下降

bring forward 提出

bring in把……拿进来，收获，赚（钱）

bring up sb 抚养某人

bring up sth 提出

bring up 呕吐

bring to an end 结束=come to an end

3. call

call on sb 拜访，号召

call at 访问（某人的家）；（火车、船）停靠

call for 需要

call off 取消（计划，比赛）

call out （call out+to sb）大声地叫

call up sb 打电话

4. come

come across 偶然发现，偶然遇到

come on 快点（口），开始，到来，举行，走吧，一起去

come in 进来，上市

come out 出来，出发，结果

come to 苏醒，总共，达到

come up 上升，升起

5. cut

cut away 切除

cut through 走近路，穿透

cut down 砍倒，减少，压缩（开支）

cut off 切断（关系，来往），中止（电话，思维）

cut out 删掉/改掉（恶习），停止

6. die

die from 死于，因……而死

die off 相继死亡

die away 声音变弱，渐渐消失

die down 慢慢地熄灭（风，火）

die out 熄灭，变弱，消失，灭绝（动物）

7. fall

fall asleep 去睡觉=go to sleep

fall ill 病了

fall back 后退，后撤

fall behind 落后，跟不上

fall off 减少，从……摔下来

8. get

get about 到处走，消息的传开

get across 穿过，领会

get away 逃掉，离开，摆脱

get down 从……下来，写下来，记下来

get along with 进展，友好相处

get in 进去，收获

get off 离开，下车

get on 上车

get over 克服（困难），从病中恢复过来

get around =spread 传开

get through 完成，通过，用完，从人群中通过，接通电话

get to 到达

get together 聚会，达成一致

get into trouble 陷入

get rid of 摆脱，去掉

9. give

give away 分发，出卖，放弃

give in 屈服

give off 放出（气体，光）

give out 公布，用尽，分发

give up 放弃，停止做某事

give over 交出，移交

10. leave

leave alone 不要管（某人），不要碰（某物）

leave behind 遗留，留下，超过

leave off （使）停止，中断

leave out 刪掉，漏掉

leave over 剩下，暂时不去解决

11. put

put off 推迟，延期

put on穿上，上演，播放，打开

put out伸出，扑灭，生产，出版

put through接通电话；使经历（困难等）

put up举起，建立，张贴，提出

put up with忍受

put forward提出，把……提前

put down放下，写下，镇压

put away收拾起来，储存

put aside放在一边，储存，忽视

put together装配（零件等），整理

12. take

take down取下，记下，拆除

take off起飞，脱去，成名

take on接受，承担，雇佣，呈现

take over接替，接管，继承

take up拿起，开始从事，占用，接下去

take in吸收，欺骗，收容

take away拿走，夺去

take after模仿，与……相像

take back拿回，收回，退货

take to喜欢，沉迷于

13. turn

turn to求助于，转向，翻到

turn out生产，关掉，结果是

turn on打開（灯等），取决于，袭击

turn off关掉，使（某人）厌烦

turn down拒绝，调低

turn up出现，调高

turn over翻身，翻转，把……移交

turn in上缴，告发

turn around转身

14. set

set out着手做，出发，陈述

set off 出发，使爆炸

set down放下，记下

set aside留出，抛弃（意见、习惯等）

set up设立，建立

set about着手做（set about doing=set out to do）

九、巩固练习

（一）单句填空

1.Time-travel TV series_______（achieve） great success and attracted many fans back to TV.

2. —My parents dont allow me to join the club.

—Be patient. They cannot be________ （expect） to accept the new idea quickly.

3. During the two conferences， the journalists from the whole country________（cover）many problems the peasants were greatly concerned about.

4. Considering his health I advise him to set________an hour or two each day to work out.

5. Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money，which accounts________

half of her income.

6. I dont know why he broke________in the middle of a sentence.

7. It is bad manners to turn________an invitation without a reason.

8. He was driving home on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and ________（accuse） him of speeding.

9. As the train ran faster and faster，the lights of the city were soon left________.

10.Since Jerry is absent today， lets get someone else to take________the work where it was left off yesterday.

11. If you want________ （accomplish） your goals and dreams， you have to be willing to pay the price.

12. Thousands of visitors________ （attract） to the Xian International Horticultural Exposition.

13. Body language can give________a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.

14. While doing shopping， people often cant help purchasing the goods ________

through media.

A.advocated

B.announced

C.advertised

D.competed

15.On his way home ， he________his shirt pocket to find his glasses， but they were gone.

A. reached into

B. burst into

C. knocked into

D. went into

16. Mike is tall and strong. In other words， he has got what it________to become a good basketball player.

A. costs

B. offers

C. takes

D. involves

17. I cant________what has happened to the vegetables， for they were freshly picked this morning.

A. draw out

B. look out

C. figure out

D. work out

18. Maxwell is a long-time editor whose novels are a treasure： elegant， accessible and loved by nearly everyone who________.

A. picks them up

B. looks them up

C. goes over them

D. takes over them

19. William found it increasingly difficult to read， for his eyesight was beginning to________.

A.disappear

B.fall

C.fail

D.damage

20. My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________.

A.cut out

B.cut down

C.cut up

D.cut off

（二）語篇填空

In recent years，learning Chinese 1

（become） popular among people around the world. Last month，I 2 （receive） an email from my friend Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about China，and asked me to find him some books 3 （intend） for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do

such 4 favor. So I went from one bookstore to 5 ，hoping to find something suitable for him. 6 （final） I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them

7 （deliver） by air without delay. Several days later，I received Jacks email，

8 （say） that he really appreciated the books I 9 （send）. Im very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad， 10 I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.