采用随机介质理论预测盾构施工引起的深层土体空间位移

2017-05-20 21:27刘静田晓艳
科技视界 2017年3期

刘静 田晓艳

【摘 要】基于隨机介质理论,考虑了隧道直径、埋深、土体削减、围岩性质等因素对主要影响角和间隙参数的影响,研究了Park位移模式3对盾构掘进引发的隧道轴线上方任一土层深度的空间变形。工程算例结果表明,本文方法相对于经验解其曲线变化趋势更符合实测值,相对于已有的研究结果其计算数值偏大,故工程应用偏于安全。

【关键词】随机介质理论;影响角;间隙参数;位移模式3;空间变形

The Spatial Displacement of the Deep Soil Induced by the Shield Excavation Based on the Stochastic Medium Theory

LIU Jing TIAN Xiao-yan

(Civil Engineering Department,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Shiyou University,Xian Shaanxi 710065,China)

【Abstract】Based on the stochastic medium theory,the spatial displacement of the deep soil is drawn in terms of the Park third displacement mode by considering the series parameters,such as the tunnel diameter, the tunnel buried depth,the ground loss,the properties around the rock,the ground influence angle,gap parameter,and so on.Combining with the specific engineering example and the existing research results,it is proved that the study curve trend of this paper is more in line with the measured field dates and the dates are bigger,so the results are more safe for the engineering application.

【Key words】The stochastic medium theory;Ground influence angle;Gap parameter;The third displacement;Spatial displacement

0 引言

对于地铁隧道掘进期间诱发深层土体位移的探讨,国内诸多学者集中于地表[1-3]沉降上,且现存的多数理论研究方法一般均假定隧道沿纵向无限长,即平面问题[4],但实际上盾构工艺诱发的土层变形是空间的。目前研究方法:源汇法[5-6]、复变函数法[7]、弹性力学法(Airy法[8]、mindlin解[9]、loganathan[10])、随机理论[11-12]等。现有方法存在的问题:源汇法得出曲线偏“浅而宽”的结论;复变函数法计算原理复杂;弹性力学法逻辑推导需要引入较多的假定。而20世纪50年代J.Litwinisyn首次阐述的随机介质理论,后经刘宝琛、阳军生、施成华、谷拴成等国内研究学者的扩展,其理论体系在预估地表位移时已相对成熟,且文献[12]初步研究了深层土体的空间变位,提出需解决问题:一是合理选择径向位移模式;二是主要参数i(z)、g0、?茁z的择选。但文献[12]在参数选取时未考虑围岩的土体性质,且文献[4][16]结果显示:围岩土层性质对计算结果影响较大,所以本文结合Park第三种非均匀径向位移模式,研究了隧道直径、埋深、土体削减以及围岩性质等因素引起的隧道轴线上覆任一土层深度的三维变形计算公式。

1 随机介质理论在地层变形中的应用

1.1 开挖单元诱发的地层变位

将其视作无数个d?孜,d?灼,d?浊的叠加,采取随机介质理论[13]得地层z向位移:

3 算例分析

以天津地铁1号线为例分析:盾构机选用l=9m,D=6.39m土压式机型,H=11.848m,?着=0.0075,u=0.3,实测土层主要为:黏土、粉土、粉质黏土,且隧道主要穿越为粉质黏土层,=28.6°,选取断面x=-9,y=6m分析。

图2表明:考虑围岩土质概况的本文解在经验解和齐静静解之间,且曲线趋势与齐静静结论一致,但齐静静解相对于经验值均偏小,工程上偏于不安全,此外经验解近地表处计算值较适宜,但近隧道轴线处曲线变化形态差异较大,原因是经验公式适用的条件是断面小且埋深大的工程。此外本文解高于实测值,原因是现场监测值是假定地面为不动点来测定的,所以综合分析认为采用本文的半解析方法预测深层土体的位移是合理可行的。

4 结论

本文基于Park位移模式3,采用随机介质理论预估地铁开挖诱发的围岩空间变位积分表达式,利用数值积分通过计算机编程得其问题解,尤其是针对目前计算过程中参数取值存在的问题进行深入研究,结果表明:在确定土层深度的主要影响角和间隙参数时,不仅需要考虑隧道的埋深和断面,还需考虑围岩的土质概况,综合各方面因素后才能得到较为精确的半解析解,才能偏安全的指导实际工程。

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