荨麻科三新种

2017-05-30 10:48王文采
广西植物 2017年5期
关键词:新种缅甸中国

摘要: 該文描述了荨麻科三新种:(1)自中国重庆市发现的荨麻科荨麻属一新种,城口荨麻。此种与异株荨麻有亲缘关系,区别特征为此种的茎被少数刺毛,叶片多为心形,雄、雌花序均不分枝,瘦果在中央稍凹陷。(2)自中国广西发现的荨麻科赤车属一新种,来宾赤车。此种与特产云南东南部的富宁赤车相近缘,与后者的区别在于本种茎的毛开展或向上弯曲,叶片长椭圆形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3~4枚花被片,其中1~2枚较大花被片在背面顶端具一长筒状突起。(3)自缅甸北部发现的荨麻科楼梯草属一新种,克钦楼梯草。此种在体态上与骤尖楼梯草甚为相似,与后者的区别在于本种的每一茎节具正常叶和一退化叶,托叶狭披针状条形和无脉,雌总苞苞片无角状突起,雌小苞片较大,呈楔状长圆形,雌花具一小花被片,以及雌蕊具一宽倒卵球形柱头。

关键词: 荨麻科, 荨麻属, 赤车属,楼梯草属, 新种, 中国, 缅甸

Abstract: Three new species of Urticaceae are described in this paper: (1) A species of the genus Urtica (Urticaceae), U. chengkouensis, is described as new from Chongqing City, China. This species is related to U. dioica L., from which it differs in its stem with few stinging hairs, its mostly cordate leaf blades, its unbranched staminate and pistillate inflorescenes, and its achenes which are slightly impressed at the centre. (2) A species of the genus Pellionia (Urticaceae), P. laibinensis, is described as new from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is related to P. funingensis W. T. Wang, endemic to Southeast Yunnan Province, and from the latter differs in its stem, which is covered with spreading or antrorsely curved hairs, its long elliptic leaf blade with obliquely cuneate base, its pistillate flower with five tepals, and the one or two larger tepals of them abaxially from apex with one tubular projection. (3) A species of the genus Elatostema (Urticaceae), E. kachinense, is described as new from northern Myanmar. This species in habit is very similar to C. cuspidatum Wight, and from the latter differs in its stem node with a normal leaf and a reduced leaf, narrowly lanceolatelinear nerveless stipules, uncorniculate pistillate involucral bracts, much larger cuneateoblong pistillate bracteoles, pistillate flower with a minute tepal, and pistil with a obovoid stigma.

Key words: Urticaceae, Urtica, Pellionia, Elatostema, new species, China, Myanmar

1. 城口荨麻图1

Urtica chengkouensis W.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1.

(sect. Urtica ser. Urtica)

Ob stipulas in quoque nodo caulis 4 inter sese liberas, inflorescentias unisexuales, tepala pistillata persistentia interna acheniis fere aequilonga species nova haec est affinis U. dioicae L., a qua caule tantum inferne pilis urentibus paucis obtecto, foliorum laminis plerumque cordatis 4-5.5 cm latis apice cuspidatis vel caudatis, inflorescentiis staminatis pistillatisque simplicibus spiciformibus, acheniis centro leviter impressis differt. In U. dioica, caules pilis urentibus multis densis obtecti, foliorum laminae ovatae vel anguste ovatae, angustiores, 2.5 - 4 cm latae apice acuminatae, inflorescentiae staminatae pistillataeque paniculatae, et achenia centro haud impressa sunt.

Prennial herb. Stem ca. 50 cm tall, above base 2 mm in diam., only below with a few stinging hairs, inconspicuously longitudinally shallowly 4sulcate. Leaves opposite, slenderly petiolate; blades thinly papery, mostly cordate, 6-6.5 × 4-5.5 cm, apex cuspidate, base cordate, margin dentate, those of apical leaves smaller, cordateovate or triangular, 2-6 × 0.6-3.5 cm, apex cuspidate or caudate, base shallowly cordate or truncate, margin dentate; surfaces adaxially sparsely strigose and with sparse appressed stinging hairs, abaxially on nerves appressedpuberulous; nervation palmately 5nerved, with 2 pairs of secondary nerves of the midrib; cystoliths puncticulate; petioles slender, 0.8-3 cm long, sparsely appressedpuberulous and with 4-15 stinging hairs; stipules 4 per node, free, membranous, whitish, lanceolatelinear, 4-4.5 × 0.8-1.2 mm, longitudinally 1nerved, margin sparsely ciliate. Staminate inflorescences singly arising from axils of middle cauline leaves, spiciform, ca. 10 mm long, simple; rachis densely strigillose; persistent bracts ovate or linear, 0.6-0.8 mm long; persistent pedicels 0.2-0.5 mm long. Fruiting pistillate inflorescences singly arising fron axils of upper cauline leaves, spiciform, ca. 10 mm long, simple; rachis densely strigillose; bracts broadly ovate or deltoid, 0.2-0.3 mm long. Pistillate tepals 4; outer 2 persistent pistillate tepals linear, 0.4-0.5 mm long; inner 2 persistent pistillate tepals larger, broadly ovate,ca. 1 mm × 0.8 mm, adaxially glabrous,abaxially appressedpuberulous. Achenes yellowishwhite,sessile or subsessile,3-4 along rachis fasciculate,biconvex,broadly ovate,ca. 0.8 mm × 0.7 mm,smooth,very sparsely minutely verruculose,at the centre slightly impressend.

Holotypus: herbe, fleurs verter. nom chinois: tahoma. bois, hianpin, pres de Tchen Keou. alt. 1 400 m. 23 avril 1893 (草本植物, 花綠色, 中名: 大火麻, 在林中, hianpin接近城口县城。1893年4月23日) R. P. Farges 1277 (PE)。

本种的托叶在每茎节4枚,离生,花序单性,宿存内层雌花被片与瘦果近等长,瘦果光滑,与也具上述三特征的异株荨麻Urtica dioica L. 在亲缘关系上相近,与后者的区别在于本种的茎只在下部被少数刺毛,叶片多呈心形,宽4~5.5 cm,顶端骤尖或尾状,雄花序和雌花序均不分枝,似穗状花序,瘦果中央稍凹陷。在异株荨麻,茎密被刺毛,叶片卵形或狭卵形,较狭窄,宽2.5~4 cm,顶端渐尖,雄花序和雌花序均分枝呈圆锥状,瘦果中央不凹陷(陈家瑞,1995;Chen et al, 2003)。

本种模式标本的采集者R. P. Farges是法国传教士,与1892-1898年在重庆市城口县一带采集到大量植物标本,从中发现了一百余新种和一些新属(王印政等,2004)。1959年,植物所戴天伦也到城口县进行了深入的采集(王印政等,2004),但从其采到的大量植物标本中并未发现本种植物,这个情况说明本新种可能是一个具很小分布区的狭域分布种。

2. 来宾楼梯草图2

Pellionia laibinensis W.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2.

(sect.Pellionia subsect. Radicantes W. T. Wang ser. Redicantes W. T. Wang)

Ob foliorum laminas apice longe acuminatas semitriplinerves, folia reducta nulla, stipulas subulatas, tepala pistillata valde inaequimagna 1 vel 2 majora apice projecturis longis praedita, achenia tuberculata species nova haec est affinis P. funingensi W. T. Wang, a qua caule pilis patentibus vel antrorse curvatis obtecto, foliorum laminis longe ellipticis basi oblique cuneatis, flore pistillato tepalis 3 vel 4 praedito, eis 1 vel 2 majoribus dorso apice longe 1tubulariprojectis differt. In P. funingensi, caules pilis retrorse curvatis obtecti, foliorum laminae ellipticae basi latere latiore auriculatae, flos pistillatus tepalis 5 praeditus, et tepela 2 majora dorso

apice longe tenuiter 1corniculata sunt.

Perennial herb. Stem ca. 25 cm tall, near base ca. 2 mm in diam., above densely below sparsely hirtellous (hairs spreading or antrorsely curved, 0.1 - 0.2 mm long), with a few short branches. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or sessile; blades papery, long elliptic or oblanceolate, 3 - 10.5 × 1.2 - 2.8 cm, apex long acuminate, base obliquely cuneate, margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on nerves densely strigillose; nervation semitriplinerved, with secondary nerves 2 - 3 at leaf narrow side and 4 at broad side; cystoliths sparse, not conspicuous, bacilliform, 0.2 - 0.4 mm long; petioles 0 - 2.5 mm long; stipules lineartriangular or subulate, 1 - 2.5 × 0.2 - 0.3 mm, glabrous. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate cymes singly axillary, 3 - 5 mm in diam., shortly and thickly branched, branches glabrous, on tops densely multiflowered; peduncles robust, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous; bracts deltoid, triangular or linear, 0.4 - 0.6 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower shortly and thickly pedicellate: Tepals 3 - 4, 1 or 2 larger, navicular, 0.35 - 0.5 mm long, glabrous, each one abaxially from apex with a tubular projection 0.3-0.6 mm long, other tepals smaller, flat, narrowly lanceolate or triangular, 0.4-0.5 × 0.1-0.2 mm, glabrous, rarely ciliate. Pistil nearly as long as tepals; ovary long ellipsoid, 0.25-0.4 mm long, glabrous; stigma minute, penicillate, 0.1-0.2 mm long. Achenes brown, obovoid, ca. 0.5 × 0.4 mm, tuberculate.

廣西 (Guangxi): 来宾市,凤凰镇(Laibin Shi, Fenghuang Zhen),石灰岩山山谷林下(under forest in valley in limestone hill),20110414,韦毅刚,温放(Y. G. Wei & F. Wen) 1155 (Holotype, PE)。

本种的叶片顶端长渐尖,具半离基三出脉,退化叶不存在,托叶钻形,雌花的花被片极不等大,1~2枚较大者在顶端具长突起,瘦果具瘤状突起,与也具上述形态特征的富宁赤车Pellionia funingensis W. T. Wang(特产云南东南部)在亲缘关系上相接近,与后者的区别在于本种的茎被开展或向上弯曲的毛,叶片呈长椭圆形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3或4枚花被片,1或2枚较大花被片在背面顶端具1筒状长突起。在富宁赤车,茎被向下弯曲的毛,叶片呈椭圆形,基部在叶宽侧呈耳形,雌花具5枚花被片,2较大花被片在背面顶端具1细角状突起。

3. 克欽楼梯草图3

Elatostema kachiense W.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 3.

(sect. Elaotstema ser. Cuspidata W. T. Wang)

Habitu species nova haec est simillima C. cuapidato Wight, a quo foliis reductis praesentibus, stipulis anguste lanceolatolinearibus et nervis carentibus, bracteis involucralibus pistillatis apice haud corniculatis, bracteolis pistillatis multo majoribus cuneatooblongis, floribus pistillatis tepala unica minuta gerentibus, et pistillis stigmata unica late obvoidea gerentibus praeclare differt. In E. cuspidato, folia reducta nulla, folia omnia normalia, stipulae linearia longitudinaliter 1viridinerves, bracteae involucrales pistillatae apice corniculatae, bracteolae pistillatae multo minores 1.2 mm longae et 0.2 mm latae, flores pistillati tepalis carentes, et pistilla stigmata unica longe penicillata gerentia sunt.

Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 35 cm tall, below ca. 2.5 mm in diam., near base prostrate and rooting, glabrous, simple, near apex brownpuncticulate, ca. 8leaved. Normal leaves sessile or subsessile, papery, obovateoblong, 6-10.8 × 2.2-3.6 cm, at apex cuspidate, at base obliquely broadly cuneate, margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on nerves densely yellowishpuberulous; nervation semitriplinerved, with secondary nerves 3 at leaf narrow side and 8 at broad side; cystoliths slightly dense, inconspicuous, bacilliform, 0.1-0.2 mm long; stipules membranous, whitish, narrowly lanceolatelinear, 3-4 × 0.1-0.2 mm, glabrous, nerveless. Reduced leaves sessile, broadly ovate or broadly rhombic, 2-3.5 × 1.8-2.8 mm, glabrous, 3lobed, with lobes triangular or deltoid. Staminate capitula and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate capitula singly axillary; involucral bracts 2seriate, without any projections, outer bracts ca. 5, unequal in size, broadly ovate or strongly depressedovate, 1.5 × 1-4 mm, apex obtuse or roundedtruncate, often erose, glabrous, inner bracts ca. 10, membranous, broadly triangular, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm, sparsely ciliate, apex acute; bracteoles numerous, very dense, large, cuneateoblong, 2-3 × 1-1.5 mm, apex subtruncate, densely lobulate and ciliolate. Pistillate flower: Pedicel flattened, linear, 0.5-2 mm long, glabrous. Tepal 1, subquadrate ca. 0.1 × 0.1 mm, glabrous. Pistil ca. 0.8 mm long, glabrous; ovary long ellipsoid ca. 0.7 mm long; stigma broadly obovoid, ca. 0.1 mm long. Achenes deeply brown, ovoid, ca. 0.9 × 0.5 mm, longitudinally 5ribbed, with ribs yellowish.

Myanmar: Kachin State: Putao District, Naung Mong Township, E. of Urein Ga road Camp on trail from Atan Ga to Ba Baw. 27°17′38″ N, 97°51′47″ E; 575 m. Disturbed broadleaved evergreen forest with tall bamboo. In wet shady area. Herbs, perennial. Leaves abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green. 7 September 2001. B. Bartholomew, D. E. Boufford & Z. L. Dao 6743 (holotype, PE).

In habit this species has an obvious resemblance to E. cuspidatum Wight, and from the latter differs in its stem node with a normal leaf and a small reduced leaf, narrowly lanceolatelinear and nerveless stipules, uncorniculate pistillate involucral bracts, much larger cuneateoblong pistillate bracteoles, pistillate flower with a tepal, and the broadly obovoid stigma. In E. cuapidatum, the reduced leaves are absent, the leave are all normal, the stipules are linear and longitudinally 1greennerved, the pistillate involucral bracts are all corniculate at apex, the pistillate bracteoles are much smaller, linear, 1.2 mm long and 0.2 mm broad, the pistillate flower has to tepals, and the stigma is densely penicillate (Hooker, 1888; Wang, 2014).

致谢 蒙陈智娟先生为“城口荨麻,重庆荨麻科一新种”翻译新种模式标本的法文野外记录;孙英宝先生为“城口荨麻,重庆荨麻科一新种”、“来宾赤车,广西荨麻科一新种”和“克钦楼梯草,缅甸荨麻科一新种”绘图。作者谨表示衷心感谢!

参考文献:

CHEN JR, 1995. Urtica [M]//Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 23(2): 5-27. [陈家瑞, 1995. Urtica [M]//中国植物志. 北京: 科学出版社,23(2): 5-27.]

CHEN JR,FRIIS I,WILMOTDEAR CM, 2003. Urtica [M]//WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 5: 78-84.

HOOKER JD, 1888. Elatostema [M]//The flora of British India. London: L. Reeve. 5: 563-574.

WANG WT, 1995. Pellionia [M]//Flora Republicase Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press: 23(2): 160-187. [王文采.1995. 赤车属Pellionia [M]//中国植物志. 北京:科学出版社.23(2): 160-187.]

WANG YZ,QIN HN,FU DZ, 2004. Brief history of plant collecting in China [M]//WU ZY, CHEN XQ. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 1:658-732. [王印政,覃海寧,傅德志, 2004. 中国植物采集简史//吴征镒,陈心启. 中国植物志. 北京:科学出版社,1: 658-732.]

WANG WT, 2014. Elatostema (Urticaceae) in China [M]. Qingdao: Qingdao Publishing House. [王文采, 2014. 中国楼梯草属植物 [M]. 青岛:青岛出版社.]

WANG WT, 2016. Nova classificatio specierum sinensium Pellioniae (Urticaceae) [J]. Guihaia, 36(1):1-29. [王文采. 2016. 中国赤车属新分类[J]. 广西植物, (1): 1-29.]

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