从阅卷看英语写作

2017-09-23 08:43徐诗祺
高中生学习·高二版 2017年7期
关键词:档次行文高考作文

徐诗祺

[高考作文考什么]

请看英语全国卷Ⅰ原题:

假如你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划,内容包括:

1. 时间和地点;

2. 内容:学习唐诗;

3. 课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。

注意:

1. 词数100左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

从形式上看,依然同往常年一样是写书信(或邮件),唯一细小的差别是今年并未提供书信的开头和结尾,从阅卷结果来看这并不影响同学们的作答。

从内容上看,突出了中国传统文化的主题,尤其呼应了当下的“诗歌热”。但再细读题目,不过是披着文化的外衣,依旧在写事项安排。同学们需要重点着墨的,是平时训练过无数次的“时间”“地点”“内容”和“准备”,“汉语”“唐诗”和“历史”只要掌握三个名词便足以应付。

[高考作文怎么评分]

高考阅卷现场会提供两样东西作为评分的标准和参考:评分细则和评分档位样卷。

评分细则来自《英语课程标准》,年年一样,几乎毫无改变。评分细则要求先定档次再给分数,不遗漏内容要点,强调语言表达的准确性(包括拼写和标点)和行文的连贯性。值得注意的是,今年阅卷时有两点是评分细则中明确指出,但在实际改卷中不作要求的:“词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去2分”和“如书写较差以致影响交际,可将其分数降低一个档次”。阅卷时间紧张而有限,无人有闲暇去一一数字数,高考作文的目的是希望同学们能最大限度地展现自己的写作能力,并不旨在用词数去约束同学们的表达,因此只要内容全面,不超出答卷纸边框,并不影响得分。

考虑到审美的差异性和作文的交际性,阅卷中,只要同学们的字迹可以清晰辨认,不因其书写美观或潦草增减分数。另外,除了白卷、用非英语作答和照搬试卷其他部分,只要有正确的表达,作文均不作零分处理。

评分档位样卷是专家组根据评分细则挑选出的五个档次的典型考场作文。

第五档作文(21~25分)

How is everything going? I hope you have practiced Chinese fluently.

Having known the arrangements of your time, Im writing to tell you that the next class we will have is at 8 am this Sunday.(时间) Whats more, to make our lesson more interesting, it will be arranged at Jiefang Park.(地點) Because as far as Im concerned, a quiet place can not only make you feel relaxed, but also improve the speed of learning. Besides, the context of the next class is about learning Tang poem.(内容) So, I hope you can read some relevant books which is about the history of Tang dynasty before the class.(课前准备) An enough preparation will give you a magic experience of Chinese culture.

Above all, if you have any question or difficulty you can call me at 123456. Looking forward to your reply!(138词)

该生作文“覆盖所有内容要点”,“应用较多的语法结构和词汇”(非谓语,从句,not only ... but also ...句型等),“全文结构紧凑”(非谓语,whats more,besides,so,above all等),“有些许错误,但无伤大雅”(如because as far as Im concerned中because应该去掉,the context of the next class应改为the content of)。

第四档作文(16~20分)

Im writing to tell you some plans that are involved with the next class.

First, you should remember the time and address well in order to make full preparations. The address is my house and the time is 10 oclock in the morning.(时间和地点) In our next class, we will learn Tang dynastics poetry.(内容) You see Li Bai and Du Fu are really great poets of that time. So you should know Tang dynastics history in advance.(准备) To be honest, the next class will be interesting. Im sure you will like it.endprint

In conclusion, I hold the firm belief that you will make great progress.

Im looking forward to your coming.(110词)

该作文“覆盖所有内容要点”,“语法结构词汇应用基本准确”,“结构紧凑”(first,so,in conclusion等),“有些许错误,是尝试使用复杂句式或词汇所致”(如开篇第一句为了用定语从句和involved而导致的语句不顺,可以直接改为Im writing to tell the plan for the next Chinese class;唐诗可以直译为Tang poem,用dynastic反而容易出错)。

第三档作文(11~15分)

Im Li Hua. I still teach Chinese for you. And you also studying hard. Now I want to set the time about next studying Chinese.

Next Sunday, I will teach you that Tangshi in China.(内容) I think you will interested for it. Tangshi is China favorit culture. Long time ago, Tangshi was loved. A lot of Chinese all loved Tangshi and some students could study it.

I will teach you in the school on Sunday at afternoon.(时间地点) I hope you can look for about Tangchao history because it can help you learn Tangshi.(准备) I think you are interested in Tangshi because it is funny and full knowledge. Next class, I will teach you about Tangshi and some history about Tangchao. I hope you can like my teaching class and get lots of knowledge.(133词)

全文共14句,完全没有语法错误的只有4句。令人庆幸的是,所有要点均涉及了,且大部分语法错误并不影响对全文的理解。该档次的作文相较于前两档,除了语言的准确性差外,更明显的缺点是行文的逻辑性不强,想到哪里写到哪里,无关紧要的废话多。

第二档作文(6~10分)

How surprised and excited to write the letter for you. I am your old friend Li Hua. My country is very old, and Chinese culture is very secret and beautiful.

Its said that China is one of Four Culture Old Country, and have various of culture about history. As Tang Chao, this is a vividly time for China history. If you want like a duck to water in the class. You will to prepare many history.(準备) We will study Tang poem in the class 10 and at the next weekend, that day 2 pm.(时间、地点、内容) I hope you dont come late.

At the moment, you will practice your Chinese and find many important information.

I am thanks for you reward this letter. See you again.(124词)

这一档次的作文突出特点是言不达意。如果不是事先读过试题,你几乎无法从这篇作文中了解到题目所要求传达的信息。不仅语言使用得不准确(如对古老的国家、神秘的文化、文明古国的翻译),还有混乱的结构和用词(have various of,vividly time,want like,will to等),全文都让人不知所云。

第一档作文(1~5分)

My name is LIHUA. Yeah! No matter your Chinese teacher.

Last time my some told you still remember? Next time my plan teache you learning desty. I help you can airily know. because China is have long history native.

Maybe Chinese for your have a little difficult. But china is beautiful you hard to know it. You will discover “China” dont only larger more it this is rabit your will fall in love it.endprint

My either want with you study my England friend my decide time tomorrow the afternoon. “PLACE” in school. Wait for you.(95词)

除了首尾两句(第一句名字大小写也有错误),没有任何一个正确的句子,甚至任何一个有意义的句子(错误但可以理解)。能够得分已经实属不易。

总的来说,对前两档作文是从文章的角度“高标准”选拔,同时也鼓励给满分;对后三档则是从表达的层面从宽处理,只要言之有物便可酌情给分。

[高考作文怎么写]

既然改作文要紧紧围绕“内容”“语言准确性”和“行文连贯性”,那么写作文也无外乎紧扣这三点。如果说“语言”和“行文”考查的是同学们的语言功底,需要日积月累,那么“内容”则重在审题。今年的写作内容涉及四点:时间、地点、上课内容和课前准备。看似简单,但从书信的交际功能来看,有几个关键问题万万不能忽略。

首先是时间和地点的表达。既然是写信通知上课的时间地点,那么所写内容一定要具体而准确,切忌出现类似I will teach you at my school next week这样的句子,模糊的时间地点等于什么也没说。

另外核心词“唐诗”的翻译要准确,可以用Tang poem,也可以直译Tangshi再用同位语进行解释。在写到课前准备时要注意语气,不要太生硬,例如用I suggest比you should更有礼貌。

具体且看“作答示例”(相当于参考作文):

Hi Leslie,

Im writing to tell you about the Chinese class next week.(写信目的) Lets meet at two Tuesday afternoon at the coffee shop near my school again.(时间地点) I plan to help you study some poems of the Tang dynasty which is an important part of Chinese civilization.(上课内容) Many of the Tang poems have greatly influenced Chinese literature.(增加细节) And we learned them at a young age.(增加细节) Ill help you read and understand the selected poems before we have a discussion of them.(增加细节) To make it easier, I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang dynasty in advance.(课前准备)

See you then!(结束语)

Best,

Li Hua

全文一气呵成,共两段,八句,105个词,遣词造句均简洁明了。

内容全面:四个要点表达清晰。

句型结构和用词准确、地道。

长短句结合,三个复合句(定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句+非谓语)使用合理,词汇选择恰到好处(Chinese civilization,selected poems、in advance等等)。

行文流畅,过渡自然,增补信息逻辑性强,有“点睛”而非“添足”之效。

几近完美地完成了预期的写作目的。

通过以上的分析,我们不难得出以下启示:

1. 书写固然重要,但在平时的训练中不可忽略重点,因小失大,作文的訓练永远是“表达第一”。

2. 考前突出对语言知识的积累,考试中要注重审题和语言的运用。审题旨在弄清楚“写什么”和“怎么写”,而如何在考试中合理地运用所学所记的“经典句式”需要在一次次的训练中摸索和总结。为了“高级”而“高级”的结果往往是“不伦不类”。

3. 可以增加信息不代表随意增加信息。一篇作文一定要有核心,适当增加信息的目的一定是“使得行文连贯”,没有意义的句子一定不写。

4. 语言表达的准确性是作文考查的重中之重。正确地写好每一个句子是写好一篇作文的前提。在日常的学习中,同学们务必要重视对句子的操练,保证无论长短,无论简单或复杂,所写即正确。endprint

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