LRG1在结直肠癌患者血清中的表达及临床意义

2017-10-23 18:53陈周峰黄智铭金瑞放
中国现代医生 2017年26期
关键词:直肠直肠癌意义

陈周峰++黄智铭++金瑞放

[摘要] 目的 研究富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白1(Leucine rich alpha -2 glycoprotein 1,LRG1)在結直肠癌患者血清的表达,探讨其临床意义。 方法 共纳入65例结直肠癌患者、55例结直肠良性肿瘤患者、50例健康志愿者;分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA 法)检测血清LRG1水平,然后对三组患者血清中LRG1和CEA表达水平、结直肠癌血清LRG1与临床肿瘤分期的关系进行统计分析。 结果 与结直肠良性肿瘤组及健康查体组相比,结直肠癌组血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明显偏高(P<0.01),结直肠良性肿瘤组和正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);结直肠癌肿瘤分期与患者血清LRG1水平相关,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期恶性肿瘤患者血清LRG1水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期恶性肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);联合检测与单独检测LRG1相比,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.763,P<0.01);与单独检测相比,联合检测准确率更高,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1与CEA差异有统计学意义(Z=0.752,P<0.05)。 结论 LRG1可作为结直肠癌诊断潜在的生物学标记。

[关键词] 结直肠癌;富含亮氨酸α-2糖蛋白1;癌胚抗原;肿瘤标志物

[中图分类号] R735.34;R730.43 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)26-0001-03

Expression of LRG1 in serum of patients with colorectal cancer and its clinical significance

CHEN Zhoufeng HUANG Zhiming JIN Ruifang

Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China

[Abstract] Objective To study the expression of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in serum of patients with colorectal cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods A total of 65 patients with colorectal cancer, 55 patients with colorectal benign tumors and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum LRG1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and then the levels of LRG1 and CEA in serum were compared between the three groups. The relationship between serum LRG1 and clinical stage was analyzed statistically. Results Compared with those of colorectal benign tumor group and healthy examination group, the levels of LRG1 and CEA in colorectal cancer group were significantly higher(P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between colorectal benign tumor group and normal control group(P>0.05). The stage of colorectal cancer was correlated with the level of serum LRG1.The level of serum LRG1 in patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ malignant tumor was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ malignant tumor, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was significant difference between the combined detection and separate detection of LRG1(Z=2.763, P<0.01). Compared with that of separate detection, the accuracy of combined detection was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.034, P<0.01). There was significant difference between LRG1 and CEA (Z=0.752, P<0.05). Conclusion LRG1 can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.endprint

[Key words] Colorectal cancer; Leucine rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Tumor markers

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全世界第三大常见的癌症,是全世界癌症死亡的主要原因之一[1]。如果在早期阶段发现肿瘤,预后良好。结肠镜检查是最可靠的诊断结直肠癌的依据,但结肠镜大规模筛查比较难实现。因此,敏感性、特异性高的血清肿瘤标志物是很有意义的。癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)是临床上常用的肿瘤标志物,在多种肿瘤中表达升高。富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白1(LRG1)是富亮氨酸重复序列(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)家族的成员之一,1977年首次从人类血清分离出[2]。研究已证实在蛋白质相互作用下LRG1能够对信号转导、细胞粘附等产生作用,该机制与细胞存活、迁移有着密不可分的联系[3]。随着临床研究的不断发展,LRG1在肺癌、胰腺癌等肿瘤中的高表达得到医学界的广泛认可[5]。本研究分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA 法)检测结直肠癌患者、结直肠良性肿瘤患者及健康志愿者血清LRG1水平和CEA水平,探讨LRG1在结直肠癌的诊断价值,现报道如下。

1 对象与方法

1.1研究对象

选取2016年1~11月期间在我院接受治疗的65例结直肠癌患者作为结直肠癌组,经过病理学诊断确诊为结直肠癌,其中男32例,女33例,年龄29~75岁,平均(50.90±9.50)岁。纳入标准:①符合结直肠癌的临床诊断标准;②结直肠癌初诊患者;③患者未接受过放、化疗及生物治疗[6]。排除标准:①存在其他类型肿瘤疾病;②结直肠癌复发或术后患者;③存在严重心、肝、肾功能疾病及免疫系统疾病患者;④术前接受其他方式治疗患者;⑤妊娠期患者;⑥不依从、不配合治疗患者[7]。选取我院结肠息肉治疗患者55例为结直肠良性肿瘤组,术后病理学诊断为低级别上皮内瘤变或结肠增生性息肉,其中男30例,女25例,年龄30~71岁,平均(44.45±10.94)岁。选取我院查体的健康人50例为健康对照组,结肠镜检查均未见异常。其中男28例,女22例,年龄28~72岁,平均(42.32±9.23)岁,三组之间性别、年龄等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 标本采集 所有入选者晨起空腹抽取静脉血6 mL收集在一个真空采血管内,室温下静置30 min,然后2500 r/min给予10 min离心处理,收集的血清保存于-80℃冰箱。

1.2.2 血清LRG1水平 采用ELISA 法对血清LRG1予以检测,ELISA试剂盒由MYBIOSOURCE公司提供,严格按照相关说明操作。对450 nm波长处样品吸光度(OD)值给予ELISA检测。纵坐标为标准物浓度,横坐标为OD值,标准曲线的绘制采用的是 CURVE EXKPERT 软件。根据标准曲线回归方程对样品浓度进行计算。

1.2.3 血清CEA水平 严格按照ELISA检测试剂盒说明对血清CEA水平予以检测。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料由中位数、极差表示,并予以Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验。用 Mann-Whitney U检验独立样本均数。绘制血清LRG1和CEA受试者工作曲线(receiver operating curve,ROC),并采用AUC对诊断价值予以评估,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 三组患者血清中LRG1和CEA表达水平比较

与结直肠良性肿瘤组及健康查体组相比,结直肠癌组血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明显偏高(P<0.01),结直肠良性肿瘤组和正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。

表1 三组患者血清中LRG1和CEA表达水平比较(x±s,ng/mL)

注:a.LGR1结直肠癌组vs健康查体组 Z=-7.384,P<0.01;b.LGR1结直肠癌组vs结直肠良性肿瘤组Z=-6.946,P<0.01;c.CEA结直肠癌组vs健康查体组Z=-6.936,P<0.01;d. CEA结直肠癌组vs结直肠良性肿瘤组Z=-6.093,P<0.01

2.2 结直肠癌血清LRG1与臨床肿瘤分期的关系

结直肠癌肿瘤分期与患者血清LRG1水平相关,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期恶性肿瘤患者血清LRG1水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表2。

表2 结直肠癌血清LRG1与临床肿瘤分期的关系

2.3 ROC曲线分析和诊断评估

以ROC曲线分析评估LRG1对结直肠癌的诊断价值。将病理学诊断作为金标准,LRG1与CEA其中一项表现为阳性可确诊为阳性,若两者检测均显示阴性,则判断为检测阴性,血清LRG1和CEA水平及联合检测ROC曲线(封三图1)。血清LRG1诊断结直肠癌的临界值及曲线下面积分别为75.50 ng/mL、0.885;血清CEA诊断结直肠癌的临界值为5.25 ng/mL,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.850;联合检测曲线下面积为0.950。联合检测与单独检测LRG1相比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.763,P<0.01);与单独检测相比,联合检测准确率更高,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1与CEA差异有统计学意义(Z=0.752,P<0.05)。

3 讨论

结直肠癌是人类常见恶性肿瘤,包括结肠癌和直肠癌。结直肠癌的早期无症状,或症状不明显,随着癌肿发展,症状逐渐出现,因其发病部位不同而表现出不同的临床症状及体征。结直肠癌的诊断主要基于结肠镜检查,血肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原(CEA)检测,有助于结直肠癌的诊断。目前我国临床对结直肠癌的筛查方法缺乏敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值的生物标记物,因此,对早期诊断生物标记物的研究迫在眉睫,其对于结直肠癌早期诊断、治疗及预后有着重要意义。最初,LRG1的作用是作为炎症反应的标志物发现的。Serada等研究发现在溃疡性结肠炎中,血清LRG1水平与溃疡性结肠炎的炎症活动相关,比C反应蛋白更加敏感[8-14]。随后,有其他学者发现,LRG1在胰腺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、肺癌等多种恶性肿瘤的表达升高,其表达量与恶性肿瘤的疾病进展、淋巴结转移密切相关[4-5]。本文通过ELISA检测结直肠癌患者血清LRG1,发现其较结直肠良性肿瘤及健康人群的血清明显升高,且LRG1水平与肿瘤进展相关。endprint

血清CEA作為临床上常用的肿瘤标志物,其诊断结直肠癌及判断肿瘤分期有一定局限性。而血清LRG1联合血清CEA诊断结直肠癌的敏感性和特异性高于单独检测CEA。本研究结果表明,与结直肠良性肿瘤组及健康查体组相比,结直肠癌组血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明显偏高(P<0.01),结直肠良性肿瘤组和正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);结直肠癌肿瘤分期与患者血清LRG1水平相关,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期恶性肿瘤患者血清LRG1水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期恶性肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);ROC曲线分析来评估LRG1对结直肠癌的诊断价值。将病理学诊断作为金标准,LRG1与CEA其中一项表现阳性可确诊为阳性,若两者检测均显示阴性,则判断为检测阴性。血清LRG1诊断结直肠癌的临界值及曲线下面积分别为75.50 ng/mL、0.885;血清CEA诊断结直肠癌的临界值为5.25 ng/mL,曲线下面积为0.850;联合检测曲线下面积(AUC)为0.950。联合检测与单独检测LRG1相比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.763,P<0.01);与单独检测相比,联合检测准确率更高,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1与CEA差异有统计学意义(Z=0.752,P<0.05),与近期其他的文献报道结果一致,提示LRG1水平与结直肠癌密切相关,结合血清CEA检测可为结直肠癌的诊断提供价值[15-20]。

总之,LRG1可作为结直肠癌诊断潜在的生物学标记,值得临床充分重视。

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(收稿日期:2017-06-13)endprint

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