刊首语

Wang Xiangchun

改革开放40年来，中国城市经历了历史上最大规模、最快速度的城镇化进程，城市建设取得了巨大成就。但伴随而来的是越来越严重的生态环境问题、越来越突出的“城市病”。因此，转变城市发展方式、转变市民生活方式，走绿色发展、绿色生活的健康、可持续发展之路已成为城市建设发展的内在需求。

“十八大”以来，党中央明确提出城市建设要以人为本、以自然为美，把好山好水好风光融入城市，大力开展生态修复，营造自然生态，让城市再现绿水青山；要加强城市设计，提倡城市修补，突出城市风貌的整体性、历史文脉的延续性，彰显地域特色。2017年3月，住房和城乡建设部印发《关于加强生态修复城市修补工作的指导意见》明确：开展生态修复、城市修补(简称“城市双修”)是治理“城市病”、改善人居环境的重要行动，是推动供给侧结构性改革、补足城市短板的客观需要，是城市转变发展方式的重要标志。

2013年习总书记指出：“要保护自然山水格局，促进城市与自然融合……让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁”“城市建筑贪大、媚洋、求怪等乱象由来已久，且有愈演愈烈之势，是典型的缺乏文化自信的表现，要下决心进行治理，让我们的城市发展成为有历史记忆、地域特色、民族特点的美丽城镇，不能千城一面、万楼一貌。”这就是“城市双修”的宗旨目标。

生态修复要始终坚持保护优先。严格保护现存的生态资源，加强源头控制，以自然恢复为主，与人工修复相结合，避免过分干预和再度破坏。通过保护与修复，提高城市生态系统的自组织、自调控和自修复能力，保障城市生态安全和可持续发展，既满足当代人的需要，又不损害后代人满足其需要的发展。

生态修复要坚持以人民为中心。在保护的基础上，构建联通城市内外的生态网络体系，推进绿地系统扩容提质，布局优化和内涵升级，构建城乡林荫网络与公园体系，完善提升自然生态系统功能，丰富生态产品供给，提升人们的归属感、获得感和幸福感。

生态修复要坚持统筹兼顾、系统修复。要多专业学科融合、多行业领域协调、多部门协同合作；要秉承“山水林田湖草”生命共同体理念，以完善绿地系统和山体、水体、废弃地等重点修复工程系统推进，实现标本兼治。

生态修复要关注生态演替的全过程。要对城市生态空间、生态要素开展全面摸底评估，识别城市生态安全格局，确定城市生态修复的重点区域，列出实施城市生态修复的项目清单及其优先等级；要以生态修复专项规划为统领，明确城市生态修复的目标、原则、修复重点，制定城市生态修复实施计划；要对修复项目实施过程监管和效果监测评估，及时修正纠偏。

城市修补就是要加强对城市的空间立体性、平面协调性、风貌整体性、文脉延续性等方面的规划和管控。其核心在于修补城市功能，提升城市品质和宜居性、包容性，激发城市活力和吸引力。

城市修补首先要关注和满足人的物质、心理和精神需求，同时因地制宜、有序推进，不可用力过猛。“修”不是简单的拆旧建新、拆低建高、大拆大建等以经济利益为中心的“旧貌换新颜”，而是着力解决老城区环境品质下降、空间秩序混乱、历史文化遗产损毁等问题；“补”要切忌贪大求洋，拆东墙补西墙，要以民生为本，完善城市给排水、燃气、供热、电力等基础设施，加强公园、绿地广场、公厕等建设管理；规划建设商业网点、医疗卫生、文化教育、康养等公共服务设施，推进智慧城市建设，提高公共服务效能。

总之，城市双修的初衷是改善城市环境、解决城市病症，让城市更自然、更生态、更有特色，满足人民日益增长的美好生活和优美生态环境需要，把城市建设成为“望者忘餐、行者忘倦、旅者忘归、居者忘老”、宜居宜业宜游的美丽家园。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's cities have experienced the largest and fastest urbanization process in history, and the city construction has made great achievements.But it is accompanied by more and more serious ecological problems and more and more prominent "urban diseases".Therefore, transforming the urban development mode,transforming the lifestyle of the citizens, and taking the green development, the healthy and sustainable development of green living have become the inherent needs of urban construction and development.

Since the 18thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has clearly stated that urban construction must be people-oriented, with nature as the beauty, integrate good mountains and waters into the city, vigorously carry out ecological restoration, create a natural ecology, and let the city reproduce green mountains and green hills; it advocates urban remediation, highlights the integrity of the city's style, the continuity of historical context, and highlights regional characteristics.In March 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Urban Remediation Work for Ecological Restoration", clearly carrying out ecological restoration and urban repair [referred to as"double urban repair" (City Betterment and Ecological Restoration)]is an important factor in the management of "urban diseases" and improving the living environment.Action is an objective need to promote structural reforms on the supply side and complement the shortcomings of the city.It is an important indicator of the transformation of the city development pattern.

In 2013, General Secretary Xi pointed out: "We should protect the natural landscape and promote the integration of cities and nature...Let the residents see the mountains, see the water,and remember to live in the homesickness." "Greed for large scale, worship for things foreign,seeking odds and other chaos in urban building have a long history, and there is a growing trend.It is a typical lack of cultural self-confidence.We must make up our minds to carry out governance and let our city develop into a beautiful town with historical memory, regional characteristics and national characteristics.Cities and buildings should not look the same." This is the purpose and goal of "double urban repair".

Ecological restoration must always adhere to protection prioritized.We should strictly protect the existing ecological resources, strengthen source control, focus on natural restoration, and combine with artificial restoration to avoid excessive intervention and re-destruction.Through protection and restoration, the self-organization, self-regulation and self-repair ability of urban ecosystems can be improved to ensure urban ecological security and sustainable development,which not only meets the needs of the present, but also does not impair the development of future generations to meet their needs.

Ecological restoration must adhere to the people as the center.On the basis of protection,we should build an ecological network system connecting the inside and outside of city, promote the expansion and upgrading of green space system, optimize layout and connotation, build urban and rural tree shade network and park system, improve the function of natural ecosystem, enrich the supply of ecological products, and enhance people's sense of belonging, feeling of acquisition and happiness.

Ecological restoration should adhere to overall planning and system rehabilitation.It is necessary to integrate multiple professional disciplines, coordinate with multiple industries, and cooperate with multiple departments.It is necessary to adhere to the concept of "mountain, water,forest, lake and grass" life community, and improve the green space system and the key restoration engineering systems such as mountains, water bodies and abandoned land to achieve both resolving the current problems and eliminating the root causes.

Ecological restoration should pay attention to the whole process of ecological succession.It is necessary to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the urban ecological space and ecological elements, identify the urban ecological security pattern, determine the key areas of urban ecological restoration, make a list of projects for implementing urban ecological restoration and their priority levels, define the objectives, principles, and restoration priorities of urban ecological restoration based on the ecological restoration specialized planning, formulate urban ecological restoration implementation plans, and monitor and evaluate the implementation process of restoration projects and make amendments and corrections in a timely manner.

Urban repair is to strengthen the planning and control of the tridimensional character, plane coordination, overall integrity, and continuity of context of city.The core is to repair urban functions,improve city quality, livability and inclusiveness, and stimulate urban vitality and attractiveness.

Urban repair must first pay attention to and meet the material, psychological and spiritual needs of people, and at the same time, adapt to local conditions, advance orderly, and do not use excessive force."Repair" is not the simple demolition of the old for the new, demolition of the low for the high, large-scale demolition and large-scale construction, and other "old appearance for a new face" with economic interests as the center, but to focus on solving the issues like the decline of the old city's environmental quality, spatial disorder, history and culture heritage destruction of the heritage; "repair" should avoid greed for the large scale and seeking for things foreign, or removing the east wall to fill the western wall; it should take the people's livelihood as the basis, improve the city's water supply and drainage, gas, heat, electricity and other infrastructure, strengthen the construction and management of park, green space square, and public toilet, conduct planning and construction of commercial, medical and health, cultural education, healthcare and other public service facilities, and promote the construction of smart cities and improve the efficiency of public services.

In short, the original intention of double urban repair is to improve the urban environment,solve urban diseases, make the city more natural, more ecological, more distinctive, meet the people's growing needs for good life and beautiful ecological environment, and build the city into a beautiful home suitable for living, work and travel.