刊首语

杨俊宴

城市让生活更美好。

在当下中国转型发展的时代背景中，人们对城市物质空间环境的需求正逐步由“量”向“质”转变，而城市设计以提升物质空间环境为根本出发点，可预见未来城市设计将扮演愈发重要的角色。伴随着经济和科技的迅速发展，城市空间的内涵与形态也正在发生日新月异的变化，相比于传统城市设计更多关注城市形态美学的“外在显性”属性，当代城市设计对于安全、生态、健康等“内在隐性”的属性保持着高度关注。尤其在中国，对于城市环境安全、人居空间友好、生态健康导向的重视，在城市设计中提升到了前所未有的新高度。

追根溯源，自18世纪中叶工业革命以来，伴随着城市的飞速发展，城市问题日益严峻，严重影响到人们的生活与身心健康，环境问题逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。20世纪50年代开始出现的震惊世界的环境公害问题，让人们重新反思和定义生态环境在城市发展中的角色，也推动了西方生态城市理论的发展。生态学与城市设计学科的相互渗透与交叉，将生态学理论引入城市设计理论与实践之中，是生态城市设计产生与发展的重要基础。如何从生态视角去重新审视城市空间形态的发展、场所环境的建设，如何用生态技术方法去维持城市的可持续发展，创造理想的人居环境，是生态城市设计须重点考虑的内容。面对城市环境建设中的诸多问题，众多学者们开始关注城市生态、健康等方面的研究，从霍华德(Ebenezer Howard)的田园城市到奥姆斯特德(Frederic Law Olmsted)的“波士顿项链”规划，从麦克哈格(Ian Lennox McHarg)的设计结合自然、“千层饼”分析法到理查德·福曼(Richard T.T.Forman)的土地嵌合(land mosaics)理论，从低影响开发(LID)、水敏性城市设计(WSUD)到景观都市主义，相关学者在理论建构与实践应用等方面均做了大量的探索研究，有效提升了城市空间品质。

近年来，基于中国快速城镇化的实践土壤，本土城市设计中关于生态、健康、安全、绿色等关键词的论述与探索层出不穷，展现出多尺度与多类型的导向趋势——从空间区位上看，设计实践主要集中于城市外围的郊野地区，也常出现在高密度的城市建成环境中；从项目类型上看，实践探索既出现在公园、滨水空间等类型的城市设计中，同时也常出现在城市中心区、都市社区、开发区等类型中。在相关的城市设计实践中，孕育着正逐步形成的健康城市形态的城市设计理论框架，以及生态健康导向的城市设计方法。这种特有的前沿理论与本土实践相结合的规划设计探索，都需要我们对其进行深入探讨。

同时，在信息化与数字化技术加速渗透的背景下，中国城市空间布局与形态正孕育着新的变化，仅通过传统的城市设计技术方法谋划城市的生态健康发展变得越来越力不从心。城市设计将在生态与数字技术的联合推动下，谋求新技术方法的应用，以满足城市巨系统所产生的新需求，数字化背景下的生态健康导向城市设计成为未来发展的新趋势之一。以数字技术为依托，为生态健康导向的城市设计提供了全新的思路、坚实的基础，同时也为其理论建构与技术方法运用提出了新的要求。一方面，数字技术的应用与普及必将影响到传统生态城市设计的理论架构、技术方法与研究体系等诸多方面内容，如何完善理论框架适应新数字时代要求？如何对大数据资源进行采集、分析、应用？另一方面，传统生态城市设计在接受数字化技术全面介入的过程中，数据和信息能够为城市设计提供怎样的全新视角与技术支撑？这些问题都需要我们在新的发展背景下，通过理论研究与实践探索来积极回应。

非常感谢《中国园林》杂志能够提供这样的机会组织本期“生态健康导向的城市设计”主题，本主题的目的是为城市设计与生态健康导向相结合的可能性探讨提供平台，为建构更加以人为本的城市设计视角，营造更加宜居的城市人居环境提供参考，对生态健康导向城市设计的理论建构、技术方法、实践应用，以及发展的国际前沿与中国智慧进行较为全面的梳理，也为推动生态健康导向城市设计的发展尽绵薄之力。

City makes our life more beautiful.

In the current era of China's transformation and development, people's demand for urban material space environment is gradually changing from "quantity" to "quality", while urban design is based on the improvement of material space environment.It is foreseeable that future urban design will play an increasingly important role.Along with the rapid development of economy and science and technology, the connotation and form of urban space are undergoing rapid changes.Compared with traditional urban design which pays more attention to the "external explicit"attributes of urban form aesthetics, contemporary urban design shows more concerns on the"intrinsic" attributes including safety, ecology and health.Especially in China, the emphasis on urban environmental security, human-friendly space and ecological health orientation has been brought to an unprecedented new high level in urban design.

Tracing back to the source, since the industrial revolution in the middle of the 18thcentury,along with the rapid development of city, urban problems have become increasingly severe,seriously affecting people's lives and physical and mental health, and environmental issues have gradually become the focus of attention.The world-shocking environmental pollution problem began to appear in the 1950s, which made people rethink and define the role of ecological environment in urban development, and also promoted the development of Western ecological city theory.The mutual penetration and intersection of ecology and urban design disciplines, and the introduction of ecological theory into urban design theory and practice, are an important basis for the creation and development of eco-city design.How to re-examine the development of urban spatial form and the construction of place environment from an ecological perspective, and how to use ecological technology to maintain the sustainable development of city and create an ideal living environment is the key consideration of eco-city design.In the face of many problems in the construction of urban environment, many scholars began to pay attention to the study of urban ecology and health.From the rural city of Ebenezer Howard to the "Boston Necklace" Plan of Frederic Law Olmsted, from the designcombined with natureand the "thousand-layer cake"analysisof Ian Lennox McHarg to Richard TT Forman's land mosaics theory, and from low-impact development (LID), water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) to landscape urbanism, scholars have done a lot of research and research in theoretical construction and practical application, effectively improving the quality of urban space.

In recent years, based on the practice soil of China’s rapid urbanization, the discussion and exploration of keywords such as ecology, health, safety and green in the design of local cities have emerged endlessly, showing multi-scale and multi-type trends - from the perspective of space location, the design practices are mainly concentrated in the rural areas outside city, and also often in high-density urban built environments; from the perspective of project types, practical explorationsare not only found in urban design such as parks and waterfront spaces, but also often in urban central areas, urban communities, development zones and other types.In the relevant urban design practices, the urban design theory framework of healthy city form is gradually forming,as well as the urban design method of ecological health orientation.This unique exploration of cutting-edge theory combined with local practice requires us to conduct in-depth discussions.

At the same time, under the background of the accelerated penetration of information technology and digital technology, the spatial layout and shape of China's cities are gestating new changes.It is becoming more and more difficult to plan the ecological and healthy development of cities only through traditional urban design techniques.Urban design will promote the application of new technology methods under the joint promotion of ecological and digital technologies to meet the new demands generated by urban giant systems.Ecological health-oriented urban design in the digital context has become one of the new trends in the future.Relying on digital technology,it provides a new idea and a solid foundation for ecological health-oriented urban design.At the same time, it also puts forward new requirements for its theoretical construction and application of technical methods.On the one hand, the application and popularization of digital technology will inevitably affect the theoretical framework, technical methods and research systems of traditional eco-city design.How to improve the theoretical framework to meet the requirements of the new digital era? How to collect, analyze and apply big data resources? On the other hand, in the process of accepting the full intervention of digital technology in traditional eco-city design, what new perspectives and technical support can data and information provide for urban design? These problems require us to respond positively through theoretical research and practical exploration in the context of new development.

I am very grateful toChinese Landscape Architecturejournal for providing such an opportunity to organize this ecological health oriented urban design issue.The purpose of this issue is to provide a platform for exploring the possibilities of combining urban design and ecological health orientation and establishing a more human-oriented urban design perspective,and provide reference for creating a more livable urban human settlement environment.The theoretical construction, technical methods, and practical applications of ecological health-oriented urban design, and the international frontier and Chinese wisdom of development, are more comprehensively analyzed, trying to contribute to the eco-health-oriented urban design.