The origin and development of graphic design

孔怡然

The concept of graphic design

Graphic design is the art of communication， stylizing， and problem-solving through the use of type， space， and image. The field is also often erroneously referred to as Visual Communication or Communication Design due to overlapping skills involved. Graphic designers use various methods to create and combine words， symbols， and images to create a visual representation of ideas and messages.

A graphic designer may use a combination of typography， visual arts and page layouttechniques to produce a final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process （designing） by which the communication is created and the products which are generated.

Common uses of graphic design include identity （logos and branding）， publications （magazines， newspapers and books）， print advertisements， posters， billboards， website graphics and elements， signs and product packaging. For example， a product package might include a logo or other artwork， organized text and pure design elements such as images， shapes and color which unify the piece. Composition is one of the most important features of graphic design， especially when using pre-existing materials or diverse elements.

The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various methods are used to create and combine symbols， images and/or words to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may use typography， visual arts and page layout techniques to produce the final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process by which the communication is created and the products which are generated.

The history spans of Graphic Design

Graphic Design spans the history of humankind from the caves of Lascaux to the dazzling neons of Ginza. In both this lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of visual communication in the 20th and 21st centuries， there is sometimes a blurring distinction and over-lapping of advertising art， graphic design and fine art. After all， they share many of the same elements， theories， principles， practices and languages， and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising art the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In graphic design， “the essence is to give order to information， form to ideas， expression and feeling to artifacts that document human experience.”

While Graphic Design as a discipline has a relatively recent history， with the term "graphic design" first coined by William Addison Dwigginsin 1922，[2] graphic design-like activities span the history of humankind： from the caves of Lascaux， to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages， to the dazzling neons of Ginza. In both this lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of visual communication in the 20th and 21st centuries， there is sometimes a blurring distinction and over-lapping of advertising art， graphic design and fine art. After all， they share many of the same elements， theories， principles， practices and languages， and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising art the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In graphic design， "the essence is to give order to information， form to ideas， expression and feeling to artifacts that document human experience."

In late 19th century Europe， especially in the United Kingdom， the movement began to separate graphic design from fine art. Piet Mondrian is known as the father of graphic design. He was a fine artist， but his use of grids inspired the modern grid system used today in advertising， print and web layout.

In 1849， Henry Cole became one of the major forces in design education in Great Britain， informing the government of the importance of design in his Journal of Design and Manufactures. He organized the Great Exhibition as a celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.

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指导老师：林斌