如何选择所学的英语词汇

苗淑华

Which words should you learn？ You hear and read many new words. Its important to consider what new words， phrases， and expressions are most important to you in order to increase your fluency in the English language. Consider how useful a vocabulary item may or may not be to you. If youre not sure of how to consider this， then ask someone or a teacher.

你应该学习哪些单词？你听到并读了许多新词。重要的是，要考虑哪些新词汇、短语和表达对提高你说英语的流利程度来说最重要。仔细思考一下，词汇对你可能有用，也可能没多大用。如果你不知道如何思考这个问题，那就问问其他人或老师。

We can think of vocabulary， or vocabulary items， as being either passive or active. Of course， some vocabulary， or vocabulary items， may fall into both kinds. Words we consider to be more passive are， of course， more useful for receptive1 skills. But we are more likely to use words we consider to be more active in our speaking. Ones specific purpose for increasing ones fluency can determine how much effort one should give to incorporating certain words into ones active vocabulary. [Note： Receptive language skills are listening and reading. Productive language skills are speaking and writing.]

我们可以将词汇或词汇项分为被动或主动两种。当然，有些词汇或词汇项可能属于两个类别。当然，我们认为偏向被动的词语对接受性技能更有用。但我们更倾向于使用我们认为比较主动的词语。一个人提高流利程度的具体目的，可以决定人们应该付出多大的努力来将某些词汇融入到主动词汇中。（注意：接受性语言技能有听力和阅读。生产性语言能力有口语和写作。）

Using a dictionary

A dictionary can give you information about the following： spelling， meaning， pronunciation， part of speech， inflected2 forms， grammatical features3， collocations4， similar or opposite words， and example phrases or sentences. When writing a word in a notebook， one should write the information about a particular word that is most important. This wont be same for each word， and the information that each person records wont always be the same.

使用字典

字典可以为你提供以下信息：拼写、含义、发音、词性、变形形式、语法特征、搭配、近义或反义词以及示例短语或句子。在笔记本中记一个单词时，应该记对一个特定的单词而言最重要的信息。每个单词都不一样，每个人记录的信息也不总是相同的。

Studying and learning

Study and learn words in context5. The traditional way of memorizing isolated6 words which are part of vocabulary lists often does not prove to be beneficial. Its important to notice how words are used with other words in what we call lexical7 phrases， fixed expressions， semi-fixed8 expressions， and collocations. Context is important.

研究和學习

在上下文中钻研和学习单词。用传统方法记忆词汇表中的单个单词往往被证明是无效的。在词汇短语、固定表达式、半固定表达和搭配中，注意词汇是如何与其他词语一起使用，这点很重要。上下文非常重要。

Observe9 words， expressions， lexical phrases， and collocations in online articles， podcasts10， magazines， movies， on the radio， or in newspaper articles. Consider how vocabulary items are used， why they are used， where they are used， and when they are used. Record is important as well. Some words may be suited to more casual11 and informal12 types of context， whereas others may more often occur in more formal and serious types of context. Write new words and expressions in a vocabulary notebook， and keep the sources from which you come across new words， phrases， or expressions in order to observe the context in which writers and speakers use them.

观察网络文章、播客、杂志、电影、广播或报纸文章中的词汇、表达、短语和搭配。考虑如何使用词汇项，为什么使用它们，在何处使用以及何时使用。记录也很重要。有些词语可能适合更随意和非正式的背景类型，而另一些词语可能更常出现在比较正式和严肃的背景类型中。为了观察作者和演讲者使用时的上下文，在词汇记事本中记下新单词和表达方式，并保留出现新单词、短语或表达的来源。

Notes：

1. receptive adj. 接受性的

2. inflected adj. 屈折的；字尾有变化的

3. feature n. 特色，特征

4. collocation n. 搭配；配置；排列

5. context n. 环境；上下文；来龙去脉

6. isolated adj. 孤立的；分离的；单独的

7. lexical adj. 词汇的；[语] 词典的

8. semi-fixed半固定的

9. observe vt. 观察；注意到；评论

10. podcast n. 播客

11. casual adj. 随便的；非正式的

12. informal adj. 非正式的；不拘礼节的；随便的