基于小波包频段分解及综合能量系数的小电流接地系统故障定段方案

2019-01-10 01:48王帅李立生宋晓东孙毅王善龙马骁壮
现代电子技术 2019年1期

王帅 李立生 宋晓东 孙毅 王善龙 马骁壮

关键词: 小电流接地; 小波包; 综合能量系数; 单相接地故障; 零序电流; 故障定段

中图分类号: TN99?34; TM77                        文献标识码: A                   文章编号: 1004?373X(2019)01?0113?06

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of single?phase?to?ground fault location in small current grounding system, a fault section location strategy of small current grounding system based on wavelet packet frequency band decomposition and comprehensive energy coefficient (CEC) is proposed to allocate different weights for energy ratios of low?frequency and high?frequency bands at different fault occurrence moments, obtain the energy information in fault zero?sequence current signal to the maximum extent, avoid that the efficient current energy information could not be extracted due to inaccurate selection of signal frequency band, and the fault section is determined according to the CEC difference of fault line and normal line. The proposed single?phase?to?ground comprehensive fault section location strategy can identify the main feeder fault, penetrating line fault and terminal line fault, isn′t influenced by transition resistance and fault occurrence moment, and has high accuracy and reliability, which is verified by theoretical analysis and ATP?EMTP based simulation model.

Keywords: small current grounding; wavelet packet; comprehensive energy coefficient; single?phase?to?ground fault; zero?sequence current; fault section location

0  引  言

在我国,配电网一般采用小电流接地的方式,因而在单相接地故障发生时,各种故障特征不明显,使其故障位置辨识变得极为困难。传统基于故障稳态特征量的单相接地故障识别判据如零序电流幅值法、零序电流比相法、零序无功功率方向法[1?4]等只能用于故障选线而无法确定故障区段,且易受消弧线圈的影响。

由于单相接地故障暂态信息量较为丰富,已有较多研究基于故障暂态信息量进行故障选线及定位,如基于小波变换、数学形态学等数学方法的故障特征提取方法以及基于行波法原理的故障识别方法[5?9]。上述暂态分析方法多数都是从能量的角度提取某一个特定频带的方法来分析信号,然而由于故障发生时刻的不同,对应线路上能量集中的频段也会有所不同。如果频段选取不当,可能会导致无法提取有效的能量信息,也就无法进一步对故障与非故障线路进行识别。同时,对于末级线路或贯穿线路故障,上述方案均无法很好地进行故障辨识。

随着配电自动化的发展,馈线逐步实现了分段开关区段化,各馈线终端单为配网故障区段定位提供了更多的信息支持,借助这些信息,本文提出一种基于小波包频段分解及综合能量系数的小电流接地系统故障定段方案,理论分析和仿真验证表明,所提单相接地故障定段方案能有效识别主馈线故障、贯穿线路故障以及末级线路故障,具有较高的准确性和可靠性。

4  结  语

本文提出一种基于小波包频段分解及综合能量系数的小电流接地系统故障定段方案,理论分析及仿真验证了所提综合能量系数方案的可靠性及准确性均高于传统依赖单一频段能量提取的故障识别方案;可耐受较高过渡电阻,且不受故障发生时刻的影响,能有效辨识区域内各线路故障。

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