as的多重身份

郑铎

as的用法灵活，词义繁多，特别是在复合句中更能体现其用法的多样性和灵活性，但如果能正确掌握as的词性和词义，是不难掌握其用法的。

一、as用作关系代词引导定语从句

1.as引导非限制性定语从句，一般不指代某个具体的名词或代词，而是指代整个主句或主句的一部分，意为“正如，如同”。这种从句可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，有时还可以放在句子的中间。

As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.

正如报纸所报道的，两国间的谈判有所进展。

Grammar is not a set of dead rules，as has been said above.

如上所说，语法不是一套死条文。

Spiders are not insects，as many people think，nor even nearly related to them.

蜘蛛不是昆虫，尽管许多人都这样认为，它甚至与昆虫没有关系。

2.as引导限制性定语从句，主要用于the same...as（与……相同），such...as（像……一样），as...as（与……一样）等词组。

She knew he felt just the same as she did.

她知道他的感受和她一样。

Such a man with a good temper as Mr. Li is easy to get along with.

像李先生这样好脾气的人是容易相处的。

He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.

他抽一种他买得起的价格的香烟。

二、as作为从属连词引导时间状语从句

表示“随着……”“当……的时候”或“一边……一边……”，强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生。

I saw him as he was getting off the bus.

当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。

The boy was singing a popular song as he was bicycling.

这男孩边骑车边唱歌。

As she grew older，she became less active.

当长大一点的时候，她就变得不那么活泼了。

三、as作为从属连词引导原因状语从句

as引导的原因状语从句常放在主句前，表示“因为，由于”。

As you were out，I left a message.

你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。

As she is a model teacher，she sets a good example to others.

因为她是一名模范教师，她给其他人树立了一个好的典范。

As he wasnt ready in time，we went to the cinema without him.

由于他没有及时准备好，我们就先去看电影了，没有等他。

四、as作為从属连词引导让步状语从句

as引导让步状语从句比较特别，它要求将表语和状语或谓语的一部分倒装。

Old as he is，he is still full of energy.

尽管他年纪大了，但依然精力充沛。

Try as she may，she never succeeds.

尽管她很努力，但从未成功过。

Much as I admire Mr. Wang as a poet， I dont like him as a man.

尽管我喜欢王先生的诗歌，但我不喜欢他的为人。

注意：当倒装后，置于句首的名词为单数可数名词时，名词前习惯上不带冠词。

Boy as he was，he was made king.

尽管他还是个孩子，却被立为国王了。

五、as用作从属连词引导方式状语从句

as引导方式状语从句时，表示“按照，依照，像”。

They did as I had asked.

他们是按照我的要求做的。

When you are in Rome，do as the Romans do.

入乡随俗。

Tell it as it is.

实话实说。

六、as与其他词搭配使用构成从属连词，引导从句

1.as if/ as though，表示“好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。

It looks as if/as though it is going to snow.

看起来要下雪了。

He looks as if /as though he had seen a ghost.

他的脸色看起来好像他看见了鬼一样。

He talks as if /as though he knew everything about it.

他说话的口气好像他已经全部知道了。

2.as/so long as，表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句。

As /So long as you can keep away from them，you will be safe.

只要你能远离他们，你就安全了。

Im happy as long as you are happy.

只要你幸福，我就感到幸福了。

3. as/so far as，表示“在……的范围内”，引导状语从句。

多用于下列结构：as/so far as I know（据我所知），as/so far as I can see，as/so far as Im concerned（依我看）。

As /So far as I know，the couple have been abroad for about five years.

據我所知，这对夫妇已经出国约五年了。

Theres only one thing to be done now，as far as I can see.

依我看，现在只有一件事情要做。

4. as  soon as，表示“一……就”，引导时间状语从句。

As soon as he got off the plane，he telephoned her girlfriend.

他一下飞机就给他的女朋友打了个电话。

He started as soon as he received the news.

他一得到消息就出发了。

5. as to，相当于about，concerning，with respect to，regarding，意为“关于”。

Can you give me some advice as to how to keep a good figure？

你能就如何保持好身材给我些建议吗？

As to tax，that will be deducted from your salary.

至于税款，将从你的薪水中扣除。

6. so as to...，不放句首，相当于in order to do，意为“为了”。

The students are studying hard so as not to fail the exam.

学生们为了不挂科刻苦学习。

We went early so as to get good seats.

为了占到好座位，我们早早就出发了。

七、as可以用作介词，意为“像，如同”“作为，当作”

as作介词表“作为”时，大多用作状语，偶尔作宾语补足语。

The boy acts as a guide during the course of this trip.

在这次旅途中，这个男孩像个导游一样。

As a child，I used to go hunting with my grandfather.

小时候，我曾和祖父一起去打猎。

The news came as a shock.

消息传来，令人震惊。

（责任编校 周丹）