FADS2基因c.1571A>G突变对中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的影响

2019-06-28 05:21王梦琦倪炜唐程
安徽农业科学 2019年10期
关键词:荷斯坦乳脂产奶量

王梦琦 倪炜 唐程

摘要 [目的]探索FADS2基因 c.1571 A>G多态性对中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的影响。[方法]对866头中国荷斯坦牛FADS2基因c.1571 A>G位点进行多态性分析,采用最小二乘法分析其对泌乳性状的影响。[结果]FADS2 c.1571 A>G 对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率、总固形物以及尿素氮含量等泌乳性状有显著影响(P<0.05)。GG基因型个体具有较高的日产奶量,而AA型个体的乳脂率、乳蛋白率及总固形物含量显著高于其他基因型个体。 FADS2 c.1571 A>G突变对体细胞评分(SCS)无显著影响(P>0.05)。[结论]FADS2可作为优化中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的潜在分子标记。

关键词 FADS2;c.1571 A>G;体细胞评分;泌乳性状

中图分类号 S813.1文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2019)10-0092-02

Abstract [Objective]To explore the effects of c.1571 A>G polymorphism of FADS2 gene on the lactation traits of Chinese Holstein cows.[Method] The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of c.1571 A>G mutation of FADS2 gene in Chinese Holstein cows (n=866) were analyzed,and their effects on the lactation traits of Chinese Holstein cows were analyzed by using least square method.[Result] c.1571 A>G mutation of FADS2 gene had significant effects on daily milk yield,milk protein content,milk fat content,total solids and urea nitrogen content,and other milk production traits (P<0.05). The individuals with GG genotype had significantly higher daily milk yield,while the individuals with AA genotype had significantly higher milk fat content,milk protein content and content of total solids.FADS2 c.1571 A>G mutation had no significant effect on SCS.[Conclusion] FADS2 could be used as the potential molecular markers for improving the  lactation performance of Chinese Holstein cows.

Key words FADS2;c.1571 A>G mutation;Somatic cell score(SCS);Lactation traits

泌乳性狀是奶牛长期选择育种所依据的主要经济性状,如日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖含量、总固形物和乳中尿素氮等[1]。经济性状通常受多基因的调控,因此探索对这些性状有较大影响的基因尤为重要[2]。然而,目前只发现少数的突变与牛奶组成相关[3]。

脂肪酸去饱和酶(fatty acid desaturases,FADS)是脱氢酶家族的成员,通过脱氢作用在脂肪酸链特定位置上催化C-C 转换成C=C[4],对脂肪酸向多不饱和脂肪酸的转化起催化作用。FADS1和FADS2基因调控多不饱和脂肪酸代谢路径并影响血浆中的多不饱和脂肪酸含量[5]。Matsumoto等[6]发现FADS2 g.-823G>A 对牛肉品质评分有显著影响。IbeaghaAwemu 等[7]报道了加拿大荷斯坦牛FADS2基因的33个SNPs,并发现FADS2基因3 非转录区域(3 untranscript region,3UTR)c.1571 A>G 和 c.2776 A>G 与牛奶中多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著相关。 Fatima等[8]报道产后奶牛处于能量负平衡时FADS2基因表达下调。以上研究表明FADS2与泌乳性状有潜在影响,但FADS2与泌乳性状(如产奶量、乳脂率以及乳蛋白率等)的关系并不确定。笔者探讨了FADS2基因c.1571 A>G突变对中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的潜在影响。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验动物与泌乳性状收集

从江苏省某大型荷斯坦牛奶牛场采集866头中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛血液样本,用于提取DNA。同时,采集2013年6月至2016年12月DHI生产记录,共来自866头奶牛2 198个泌乳周期的20 532条测定日生产记录用于表性分析,性状主要包括日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋白比、体细胞数、SCS、乳糖、总固体和尿素氮。

1.2 DNA 提取、SNP 分型以及miRNA 结合位点预测

采用标准的苯酚-氯仿法从中国荷斯坦牛血液中提取DNA[9]。根据FADS2基因序列(BC123735.1),采用飞行时间质谱法检测FADS2基因3UTR区c.1571 A>G SNP突变。使用Target Scan7.0软件预测变异位点结合的miRNA。

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