不同配方肥对烤烟生长及产量与质量的影响

2019-07-12 07:52李文姜鑫宇王华坚赵文隆
现代农业科技 2019年11期
关键词:烤烟产量质量

李文 姜鑫宇 王华坚 赵文隆

摘要    为研究不同配方肥料的应用效果,进行了氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%复合肥(9-10-30)、42%复合肥(9-9-24)在烤烟上的施用效果试验,并对烘烤后烟叶的产量与质量以及烟叶内在成分进行分析比较。结果表明,施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%复合肥(9-10-30)能够明显改善嵩明当地烟叶的产量,均价有了明显的提高;氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%复合肥(9-10-30)的施用使当地的烟叶内在化学成分协调性有了很大提高,糖碱比基本上控制在正常的范围之内。施用42%复合肥(9-9-24)的烟叶内在化学成分协调性不够好,糖碱比明显偏高,钾的含量也明显不如施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%复合肥(9-10-30)的烟叶。因此,综合考虑,施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%复合肥(9-10-30)效果明显优于施用42%复合肥(9-9-24)。

关键词    烤烟;配方肥;产量;质量

中图分类号    S572;S147.5        文献标识码    A        文章编号   1007-5739(2019)11-0003-02

Abstract    In order to study the application effect of different formula fertilizer,the effects of amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26),compound fertilizer(9-10-30)and compound fertilizer(9-9-24)on flue-cured tobacco were tested,and the yield,quality of flue-cured tobacco and the internal components of tobacco leaves were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)greatly improved the tobacco yield and average price in Songming area.The amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)greatly improved the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves,and the ratio of sugar to nicotine was basically controlled within the normal range. However,compared with the tobacco leaves applied with the amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30),the tobacco leaves applied with compound fertilizer(9-9-24) had poorer coordination of internal chemical components,significantly high ratio of sugar to nicotine and significantly lower potassium content. Therefore,with comprehensive consideration,the effects of amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)were obviously superior to compound fertilizer(9-9-24).

Key words    flue-cured tobacco;formula fertilizer,yield;quality

长期以来,施肥技术一直受到国内外烟草种植者的重视[1]。按照测土配方、科学施肥、合理配比、经济实用、增施有机肥、适度降低化肥用量的思路,推进科学、经济环保施肥,以实现烟叶单产稳步上升、质量稳步提高、肥料成本稳步下降的目标[2]。改善复合肥的配方结构,辅之以有機物质和微生物活性物质,并使之合二为一,有利于达到烟草优质适产和低耗、低害的目的。

在烟田中施用一部分有机氮肥有利于烟株生长[3]。有机氮施用比例占总施氮量的25%可促进烟株对磷、钾的吸收,提高上部叶含钾量,增加下部叶含糖量[4]。相关研究表明,在施用化学肥料的同时,适量施用有机肥可以保持土壤肥力,维持土壤养分的平衡,防止适宜种烟的土壤环境遭到破坏,而且对提高烟叶品质也是有益的。

1    材料与方法

1.1    试验地概况

试验在昆明市嵩明县嵩阳镇进行,供试土壤理化性状为pH值6.5、有机质2.5%、碱解氮100.2 mg/kg、速效磷35.8 mg/kg、速效钾150.3 mg/kg。

1.2    供试材料

供试烤烟品种为云烟85。

供试肥料为氨基酸肥料(9-12-12)、49%复合肥(9-10-30)、42%复合肥(9-9-24)、硫酸钾。

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