南苏丹某国际机场供电系统及研究

2019-07-17 02:29张皓驰
价值工程 2019年12期
关键词:供电系统机场可靠性

张皓驰

摘要:供电系统是机场建设工程的重要组成部分。南苏丹属于经济落后地区,因为战争的原因电力设施非常落后,本文较详细地介绍了适合于本项目的供电设计及改进措施的研究。

Abstract: Power supply system is very important for airport. South Sudan is a development country, the economic is very terrible. Due to the civil war, the power grid facility for airport is seriously damaged. This article introduces a real scheme power supply design project, which is fit for the current situation.

关键词:机场;供电系统;电力设施落后地区;安全性;可靠性

Key words: airport;power supply system;backward economic and power facility area;safety;reliability

中图分类号:F562                                        文献标识码:A                                  文章编号:1006-4311(2019)12-0170-04

0  引言

供电系统在机场工程中至关重要,系统设计的可靠性及容错性会直接影响涉及机场运行安全及舒适性的飞行区目视助航灯光、导航台站、机场安保设施、航站楼内的旅客电子信息引导等。南苏丹为非洲的经济落后地区,因为战争等原因外部电力设施处于半瘫痪状态,机场电力供应经常因为外部原因中断。笔者参与了本项目,认真调研了类似项目及现场实际情况、并考虑投资成本、运营成本、机场规模、预计吞吐量、气候等众多因素,提出了相对合理的設计方案及运营措施。

项目地处海外,属于国家一带一路战略工程,项目除了要满足合同制定的中国标准外,还要满足当地的法律法规、使用习惯,当地有不少美国设计标准的影子,业主在项目实施过程中明确表达了对中国规范并不熟悉,希望在项目设计过程中对比其它国际标准以确保供电系统的安全和可靠。

1  项目背景介绍

南苏丹共和国位于非洲东北部,属于内陆国,东邻埃塞俄比亚,南接肯尼亚、乌干达和刚果民主共和国,西邻中非共和国,北接苏丹。由于长期内战,南苏丹经济十分落后,国家电网处于半瘫痪状态,商品基本依赖进口、价格高昂,是非洲最不发达的地区之一。

本文中的机场建于二十世纪60年代,机场在改扩建之前电力设施陈旧,机场经常停电,运行过程中各类事故也频繁发生。但因政治、经济需要,机场需要处理国际和国内航班,货运航班和商业包机航班。机场也供南苏丹军队使用,并作为降落联合国救助航班的机场使用。机场电力系统的升级及改扩建已刻不容缓。

2  合同规定的供电主系统设计规范要求分析

根据合同的要求,供电主系统的设计规范如下:

①ICAO Annex 14, Vol.1:《Aerodrome Design and Operations》(2013);

②ICAO Aerodrome Design Manual, Doc 9157-AN/901 Part 5 《Electrical Systems》 (1983);

③MH 5001 《民用机场飞行区设计标准》(2013);

④GB 50052《供配电系统设计规范》(2009);

⑤JGJ 16 《民用建筑电气设计规范》(2008)。

依据以上合同列明的规范,对于南苏丹朱巴国际机场内的供电要求提炼如下:

①对于设有机场灯光和无线电导航设施的机场应设置主电源和第二电源。

②主电源要求有两个独立的输入电源而不是单独一个电源,电路的设计应能在一路电源中断时保证设备的完好运行。当然,取决于每一个具体情况的安全、可靠、统计要求和经济要求,也可以采用其它供电方案。

③第二电源可以取自独立的公用电源或是备用发电机。

④对于候机楼等一级负荷应由两个电源供电,当一个电源故障时,另一个电源不应同时受到损害。

⑤对于航空管制、飞行区助航灯光系统和台站用电等一级负荷中特别重要负荷,应增设应急电源。应急电源可以采用独立于正常电源的发电机组。

3  美国设计标准对于供电要求以及和国标对比

美国标准的相关规范要求主要为:

①FAA-150/5340-30G的9.4章节中对飞行区目视助航灯光提出了一主一备电源以及自动投切的要求,并规定了3种可选电源配置的方法。

9.4. ELECTRICAL POWER CONFIGURATIONS.

a. Basic Configurations. The minimum quality of power needed at a facility varies with the effect that an outage of the facility would have on the provisions of paragraph 9.3. The exact relationship of an individual facility to its environment is, of course, unique; but each type of facility (e.g., HIRL, centerline lights, etc.) has been evaluated for criticalness in the NAS. The evaluation resulted in the development of the configurations listed below:

(1) Configuration “A”. This configuration provides facilities with power from an emergency power unit within 15 seconds after failure of the prime power source, except those CAT II lighting aids (listed in paragraph 9.4a(2)) requiring a one-second transfer. Details concerning CAT II operation are contained in AC 120-29, Criteria for Approval of Category I and Category II Weather Minima for Approach. The system consists of:

(a) Connection to a prime power source.

(b) Emergency power unit(s).

(c) Automatic transfer capability.

(2) Configuration “B”. This configuration provides facilities with power from an alternate prime power source within 15 seconds after failure of the prime power source except those CAT II lighting aids requiring a one-second transfer. These are CAT II HIRL, centerline lights, and touchdown zone lights. The system consists of:

(a) Connection to a prime power source.

(b) Connection to an alternate prime power source.

(c) Automatic transfer capability.

(3) Configuration “C”. Configuration “C” provides connections of the facility to a single power source. There are no provisions for alternate prime power or engine generator sets. All lighting aids not covered in Configurations “A” and “B” are in Configuration “C”. Even though standby power is not required for Configuration “C”, a higher grade configuration of power is encouraged for airport lighting systems where a second source can be provided at a reasonable cost.

②FAA 150/5300-13A,Airport Design第608章節、以及其Order 6950.2D对机场的电子导航设施供电要求为提出了主用电源、备用电源、至少4小时应急电源要求(应急电源可为蓄电池设备)

608. Electrical power.

The FAA recognizes the need to have a reliable power source to operate NAVAIDs, even during utility power outages. Order 6030.20 establishes Continuous Power Airports (CPAs) that provide continuous operations in the event of an area-wide utility failure. Backup power to designated runways at these airports must be able to supply power for at least 4 hours for runway lighting as well as navigation, landing and communication equipment. In addition, FAA policy also requires that power systems used for support of Category (CAT) II and CAT-III operations must be capable of transferring to an alternate source within one second. Information on FAA funding for electrical power systems can be found in Order 5100.38.

(1) A - denotes a commercial power source, a standby engine generator and an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). This configuration shall provide uninterruptible, conditioned power with AC voltage in and AC voltage out.

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