机器人的发展

Robots， becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry， where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.

机器人在所有发达国家的工厂日益普及，人们对它们进行编程和设计，使其在无人情况下执行工业任务。现今，大多数机器人用于汽车工业，人们对其编程，从事如汽车和卡车车身焊接、喷漆之类的工作。

What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine？ Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example， a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machine， on the other hand， are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.

是什么使机器人变成机器人而不是其他的自动化机器呢？机器人与自动化机器的区别在于：机器人完成一项特定工作后，它们可以被电脑重新编程去执行另一项任务。比如，一个机器人做了一个月的点焊，可以被重新编程，并在下个月转向喷漆。相反，自动化机器却没有许多不同的用途，它们只能执行一项任务。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects， will have a sense of touch， and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to “see”， robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system used electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera， the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15， and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers between are represented by different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question.

下一代機器人将能看见物体，具有触觉，能做出关键性的决定。精通微电子和电脑技术的工程师正在为机器人开发人造视力，有了“看”的能力，机器人就能从一堆不同的材料中鉴别检查出具体的某一类物体。机器人视觉系统采用包含多行感光材料的电子数码相机。当一个物体上的光，如机器零件，照射到相机上时，敏感材料就可测量出光的强度，把光线转换为一组数字。这些数字是灰度系统的一部分，其亮度由一系列数值测量。一个刻度范围是0到15，另一个是0到255。0用黑色表示，最高值用白色，其间的数值用不同的灰色阴影来表示。然后计算机进行计算，并将数字转换为表明该物体形象的图像。

Engineers are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers， giving robots a sense of touch. Some engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this， the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。一些工程人员正在编写新的程序，使机器人能做出决定，诸如是否丢弃成品中有缺陷的零件。要做到这点，机器人还必须具有鉴别有缺陷零件的能力。

These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants， firemen， housekeepers， and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

集触觉、视觉和做决定能力于一体的未来机器人将会做大量工作。它们可以用于探测海底的矿物，或者探测对人类来说太危险而不能进入的矿井深处。它们可以做加油站服务人员、消防人员、房屋管理员和安全人员的工作。任何想了解未来工业的人必须懂得机器人技术。

KEYS

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  ACAB B： 5—8  ACDC

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

1—5      CBAAB 6—10    DBADC

11—15  BDDAB 16—20  CCDAC

语法填空

1. sunny 2. but 3. which 4. Unfortunately 5. destroyed

6. praying  7. sculptures 8. its 9. to become 10. that

跟踪导练（三）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  ADAD B： 5—8  DCAD

跟踪导练（四）

阅读七选五

1—5  DAGCB

完形填空

1—5      ACBAD 6—10    DCABD

11—15  CBABC 16—20  DACBD

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

1—4  ACDD

阅读七选五

1—5  ECGAD

跟踪导练（六）

选词填空

1. architects 2. projects 3. are located 4. faces 5. galleries            6. is signing 7. agreement 8. is governed 9. geographical 10. heads

句子翻譯

1. He fell off the horse a week ago and has been in bed ever since.

2. Because of the warm and sunny weather， oranges grow very well here.

3. I want to go to the party， but on the other hand， I need to finish my homework today.

4. What does this mean in terms of cost？

5. His English is improving little by little.

短文改错

Traveling abroad， you should follow the customs of the country which you are visited. When you∧invited， it is good manners to refuse or accept

visiting                are

an invitation， either by writing or by telephoning. If I go to the party， it is

the                                                                           you

polite to arrive at on time. It is good manners to shake hand with your

hands

host. You can take a present if you like， possible a bottle of wine， a box

possibly

of chocolates and some flowers. However， it was not bad manners to

or                                                  is

take nothing. It is not polite to stay too late before the other guests have

after

gone. Also， it is suggested to write or telephone a day or two later to

thank your host.

書面表达

One possible version：

Dear Tom，

I am sorry to tell you that I cant keep my promise that I will pay a visit to Beijing with you next weekend. Im afraid we will have to make it another time， because I will be meeting my uncle at the airport next weekend. I havent seen him for almost ten years. He is on business from Australia， and will be here for only two days. It is a rare chance for our family to come together again.

If it is convenient for you， we can make it the weekend after next. Once again， I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Yours，

Li Hua

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  DBBA B： 5—8  BAAA

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

1—5      BABDC 6—10    DACBC

11—15  ACBAD 16—20  ACDBD

语法填空

1. and 2. Truly 3. be made 4. to create 5. using 6. as/when

7. turned 8. development 9. knives 10. with

跟踪导练（三）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  ACAD B： 5—8  DBAB

跟踪导练（四）

阅读七选五

1—5  EDFCB

完形填空

1—5      CBADA 6—10    DABCB

11—15  BDCCA 16—20  DCABD

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

1—4  BCAA

阅读七选五

1—5  BFGAD

跟踪导练（六）

选词填空

1. figures    2. is crowded    3. tourism    4. hunger    5. polluted       6. development    7. goals    8. unfortunate    9. measured    10. educating

句子翻译

1. The ship has lain at the bottom of the sea for two hundred years.

2. Write down your name， address and phone number at the top of this page.

3. The doctors are making every effort to save that boy.

4. I think he is closely connected with this matter.

5. The children are close to each other in age.

短文改错

One day， in my way to school， I noticed two anxious foreigners

on

surrounding by a group of people. I stopped and found that they

surrounded

were tourist from Canada who carelessly left a very importantly wallet

tourists                                                                  important

in a taxi. So I take them to the nearest police station. With∧help of the

took                                                               the

policemen， we got in touch with the taxi company. We were telling that

told

the wallet had just been found. And two passports， flight tickets， or

and

some money were still inside it. Finally the two Canadians got our

their

wallet back. They thanked for me and left.

书面表达

One possible version：

Dear Mike，

I happened to see a poster at the school gate for a lecture on cultural differences between China and the United States. The lecture is to be given in our school hall at 7 on Friday evening by Professor Wang Wen from Beijing University， who is an expert in human society and culture. Why dont you go and attend the lecture？ I know you have taken a special interest in traditional Chinese culture， so I think this is a good opportunity for you to develop your understanding of what it is like.

Im sure you will find the lecture worth listening to.

Yours，

Li Hua

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  CDBB B： 5—8  AABD

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

1—5      DDCCA 6—10    DBCDA

11—15  CBBAC 16—20  ABADA

语法填空

1. sat    2. before    3. Really    4. to push    5. warning    6. as    7. it    8. shouting    9. pleased    10. himself

跟踪导练（三）

閱读理解

A： 1—4  ACBD B： 5—8  DDAC

跟踪导练（四）

阅读七选五

1—5  DEBFG

完形填空

1—5      ABCDD 6—10    CBBCC

11—15  BCDAB 16—20  BCDBA

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

1—4  ADDC

阅读七选五

1—5  FDAGC

跟踪导练（六）

选词填空

1. experienced    2. feathers    3. eruption    4. possibility    5. luckily

6. was struck    7. burying    8. warning    9. occurred    10. causing

句子翻译

1. Youll end up in hospital if you drive your car like that.

2. That building caught fire last night and is still on fire now.

3. Great changes have taken place in my hometown during the past ten years.

4. The earthquake caused great damage. Four hundred people lost their lives in all.

5. The leaves were picked up by the wind and floated in the sky.

短文改錯

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Mount Emei. Its∧famous mountain in our city. The weather was fine. It was

a

about noon when we arrived on the foot of it. The three of us were

at

very exciting. As we climbed the mountain， we fed monkey， visited temples

excited                                                          monkeys

and took pictures since the scenery was such beautiful. Time was

so

passed quickly. It soon got dark. They had supper at a restaurant. The

We

food was expensive and the service was good. Then we spend the

but                                                          spent

night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. I was tired but what

how

wonderful the trip was！

书面表达

One possible version：

In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise， our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10. At 8：00 am， we reached the foot of Daqing Mountain and set out for the top in high spirits. All the way we were talking， singing and laughing， enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind， others would come and offer help. About 2 hours later， we all reached the top.

There is no doubt that we had a good chance to get close to nature and relax from heavy school work. The activity also improved the friendship between us students. What a wonderful time！

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A： 1—3  BCD B： 4—7  CCBB

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

1—5      BCACD 6—10    ABBCA

11—15  BCADA 16—20  CDBAA

语法填空

1. what    2. her    3. are set    4. direction    5. trying    6. possible    7. where    8. for    9. to collect    10. tiring

跟踪导练（三）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  DDCA B： 5—8  CDCB

跟踪导练（四）

阅读七选五

1—5  FBACD

完形填空

1—5      DCBAB 6—10    ACDBA

11—15  BCDDB 16—20  ADCBD

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

1—4  DBAB

閱读七选五

1—5  DGFEA

跟踪导练（六）

选词填空

1. forecast/forecasted    2. frightening    3. recycling    4. coastal     5. pollution    6. masks    7. complained    8. cycling    9. absolutely    10. protection

句子翻译

1. Its too hot. The boys jumped into the river one after another.

2. Her illness has had a very bad effect on her work.

3. Our club has planned to take in 20 new members.

4. The candles on the table give out soft light.

5. He looked through his notes before writing the report.

短文改错

Hello， boys and girls！ Today， I am going to talk with what you

about

should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm， stand in lines

goes                                                        line

at the door and wait for your teacher∧lead you outside. Stay closely to

to                                       close

your teacher and classmates. Dont get out of line， and tried to remain

try

calm and quiet. Soon the firefighters will come and put off the

out

fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire， your teacher will lead us

you

back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missed or

missing

hurt， tell your teacher immediately.

书面表达

One possible version：

Building a Good Relationship with Our Teachers

As a senior high student， I think it is necessary to build a good relationship with our teachers. We students can always get support and advice from them， from which we learn a lot and feel good about ourselves.

In my opinion， this relationship should be one filled with love， care， understanding and respect， so we can exchange ideas freely. To build a relationship of this kind， we students should trust teachers and express our feelings honestly so that they can become our friends. Only in this way can we enjoy a warm relationship between teachers and students and live a happy and healthy school life.

跟蹤导练（一）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  DDCD B： 5—8  ADCA

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

1—5      BABCA 6—10    DBDCA

11—15  BCDCA      16—20   DBDAC

语法填空

1. as    2. wealthy    3. was    4. which    5. was sent    6. successfully    7. It    8. development    9. to study    10. leaving

跟踪导练（三）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  DACB B： 5—8  ADDA

跟踪导练（四）

阅读七选五

1—5  CGDAE

完形填空

1—5      BCADC 6—10    ACBAC

11—15  DABCA 16—20  BDCBA

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

1—4  CBCB

阅读七选五

1—5  DCBAF

跟踪导练（六）

选词填空

1. thinker    2. influential    3. honesty    4. resigning    5. contributions    6. stressed    7. invented    8. softly    9. freedom    10. argument

句子翻译

1. Though/Although （she was） born and brought up in the city， she prefers life in the country.

2. In conclusion， Id like to thank you for all youve done for me.

3. He took his first flight at the age of six， and from then on he became interested in flying.

4. I am proud of being an inventor.

5. I remember seeing the ocean for the first time when I was 18.

短文改错

Music is the international language. The songs sung or playing

an                                                                           played

by instruments are beautiful to people everywhere. Popular music in America is that every student likes. Students carry their small radio with

what                                                                       radios

earphones， but listen to music before class， after class and at lunch.

and

There are other kinds∧music that are important to Americans. One is

of

called folk music， it tells stories about the common life of Americans.

which

Another is called western or country music， started by cowboys whom

who

would sing to the cows they were watching out. Today， any music about

the love between a country boy and his girlfriend are called western

is

or country music.

书面表达

One possible version：

Good afternoon， everyone！ Its a great honor to have the chance to be with you today. The topic of my speech is “Thank you， Mom”.

Like many of you， I have a loving and caring mother. I highly appreciate all the support she gives to me， especially during the stressful days. In these days， she cooks me tasty dinners， and makes my room as clean as possible. On top of that， whenever I get upset， she listens to me and comforts me until I have cheered up.

I have messages for everyone here： Work hard for our dear moms and ourselves. Express our love in return. Either a small talk with our mom or a cup of tea for her will shine her through.

Thank you for listening.

跟蹤导练（一）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  ACAD B： 5—8  DCBB

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

1—5      ABCDA 6—10    BDDCA

11—15  BADAC 16—20  BDACD

语法填空

1. written    2. for    3. American    4. to be carried    5. was found

6. luckily    7. where    8. appearance    9. calling    10. who/that

跟踪导练（三）

阅读理解

A： 1—4  BCCB        B： 5—8  AADC

跟踪导练（四）

阅读七选五

1—5  AGCBE

完形填空

1—5      DBACD 6—10    BCADB

11—15  ACBDC 16—20  ABDAC

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

1—4  DCDD

阅读七选五

1—5  BCGAF

跟踪导练（六）

选词填空

1. dates    2. construction    3. narrowest    4. canals    5. historical    6. ridiculously    7. foggy    8. crashed    9. freezing    10. removing

句子翻译

1. Sally， what you are saying doesnt make any sense.

2. Im afraid his hope wont come true easily.

3. My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.

4. The police were unable to hold back the crowd.

5. We must bring an end to their endless arguments.

短文改错

Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student. Last week， he goes to see a

a                                                              went

doctor because  his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the

fact ∧ he had a “mobile phone disease”. Zhou sent messages for his

that                                                                                           to

friends with his mobile phone all the time， even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile

exams                                  much

phone. He didnt stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang

using

Ling， which is an expert from a health center， said students should try

who

to use their mobile phones less， especial at school.

especially

書面表达

One possible version：

NOTICE

Dear friends，

Id like to offer some tips to those students who will go abroad so that you can avoid trouble and make your trip more pleasant.

First of all， you should carry your passports and some money and take good care of your passports and wallets， without which you could do nothing in a strange land. It is necessary to take some clothes and medicine in case the weather changes and you might fall ill. During your stay in Australia， you should never go out alone to avoid getting lost. In addition， you should mind your behavior wherever you go and whatever you do because you represent the Chinese people. You should behave properly and establish a good image.

If you follow my advice， I am sure you will enjoy your trip.

President of the Student Union