Rome:The Eternal City I永恒之城：罗马（一）

Lily

罗马拥有2，800多年的建城历史，为意大利文艺复兴中心，现今仍保存有相当丰富的文艺复兴与巴洛克风貌古迹，被称为“永恒之城”。

Rome is the capital city and special1）commune of Italy.Rome also serves asthe capital of the Lazio region.With morethan 2 million 2）residents in 1，285 km2 ，it is also the country's most populated commune .It is the third most populouscity in the European Union by population within city limits.Rome is located in thecentral-western portion of the Italian

Peninsula， within Lazio， along the shores of the Tiber.

1） commune ['kDmju：n】n.行政区;公社

2） resident ['rezidant]n.居民

Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman 3）mythology dates the founding ofRome at around 753 BC， the site has been 4）inhabited for much longer， making it one ofthe oldest continuously 5）occupied cities in EUrope.The city's early population originatedfrom a mix of Latins， Etruscans， and Sabines. Eventually， the city successively becamethe capital of the Roman Kingdom， the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire， and isregarded by many as the first ever Imperial City and metropolis. It was first called TheEternal City by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC， and the expression wasalso taken up by Ovid， Virgil， and Livy*. Rome is also called"Caput Mundi". After the fall ofWestern Roman Empire， which marked the be ginning of the Middle Ages， Rome slowly fellunder the political control of the Papacy， and in the 8th century it became the capital of thePapal States， which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance， almost all popessince Nicholas V 1447-1455 pursued a 6）coharent architectural and urban programme overfour hundred years， aimed at making the city the artistic and cultural centre of the world.In this way， Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance， andthen the birthplace of both the Baroque styleand Neoclassicism. Famous artists， painters，7）sculptors and architects made Rome the centreof their activity， creating 8）masterpieces throughoutthe city. In 1871， Rome became the capital of the

3） mythology [mi'oolad3i]n.神話

4） inhabit[in'haebit]v.栖息，居住

5） occupy ['Dkjupai]v.占用

6） coherent [kao'hiarant] adj.连贯的，一致的

7） sculptor ['skAlpta（r）]n.雕刻家

8） masterpiece ['ma：stapi：s]n.杰作Kingdom of Italy， which， in 1946， became the ItaIian Republic.

As of 2020 Jan.1， Rome is ranked as an Alpha global city by the Globalization andWorld Cities Research Network. In 2019， Rome was the 11th most visited city in the world，third most visited in the European Union， and the most popular tourist destination in ItaIy.Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Host city for the 1960Summer Olympics， Rome is also the seat of several specialized 9）agencies of the UnitedNations， such as the Food and Agriculture Organization， the World Food Programme andthe International Fund for Agricultural Development. The city also hosts the Secretariat ofthe Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean as well as the headquartersof many international business companies such as Eni， Enel， TIM， and national andinternational banks such as Unicredit and BNL. Rome's EUR business district is the homeof many companies involved in the oil industry， the 10）pharmaceutical industry， and financialservices. The presence of renowned international brands in the city have made Rome animportant centre of fashion and design， and the Cinecitta Studios have been the set ofmany Academy Award-winning movies.

9） agency ['eid3ansi]n.代理处，代理

10）pharmaceutical [，fa：ma'su：tikl] adj.制药（学）的

罗马是意大利的首都，是一个特别行政区，也是拉齐奥大区的首府。在1285平方千米的土地上有着200多万名居民的罗马，拥有最多的居民区，也是整个欧盟人口第三多的城市。罗马位于意大利半岛的中西部，在拉齐奥大区内，市区跨台伯河两岸。

罗马的历史跨越28个世纪。虽然罗马的建成可以追溯到公元前753年，但这个地方有人居住的时间还要再往前追溯更久，是欧洲有人居住的最古老城市之一。这座城市最早的居民是拉丁人、伊特鲁里亚人和萨宾人的混血。最终，这座城市相继成为罗马王国、罗马共和国和罗马帝国的首都，并被许多人视为有史以来第一个帝国城市和大都会。公元前1世纪诗人提布鲁斯称罗马为永恒之城，奥维德、维吉尔和李维也这样认为*。罗马又被称为“世界之都”。西罗马帝国的灭亡标志着中世纪的开始，此后罗马逐渐落入教皇的政治控制之下，并在8世纪成为了教皇国的首都，直到1870年。从文艺复興开始时，自尼古拉斯五世（1447-1455）以来，在400多年的时间里几乎所有教皇都在追求一个连贯的建筑和城市规划，旨在使这座城市成为世界的艺术和文化中心。就这样，罗马首先成为意大利文艺复兴的主要中心之一，然后成为巴洛克风格和新古典主义的发源地，众多著名的艺术家、画家、雕塑家和建筑师们将罗马作为活动中心，在整个城市开展杰出的创造。1871年，罗马成为意大利王国的首都，1946年成为意大利共和国首都。

截至2020年1月1日，罗马被“全球化和世界城市研究网络”评为世界一线城市。2019年，罗马是世界上第11大旅游城市，欧盟第三大旅游城市，也是意大利人最受欢迎的旅游目的地。罗马历史中心被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。罗马还是1960年夏季奥林匹克运动会的主办城市，也是联合国若干专门机构的所在地，例如粮食及农业组织、世界粮食计划署和国际农业开发基金。这座城市还是地中海联盟议会秘书处的所在地，也是许多国际商业公司总部的所在地，例如意大利埃尼集团、意大利国家电力公司、意大利电信移动公司，同时也是许多国家和国际银行所在地，例如裕信银行、意大利国民劳动银行。罗马的欧元商业区是许多从事石油工业、制药业和金融服务公司的所在地。国际著名品牌在罗马诞生，使罗马成为时尚和设计的世界中心，而且诸多在奇尼奇塔影视基地拍摄制作的电影常常在奥斯卡上获奖。

*注：奥维德（约前43-18），维吉尔（前70-前19），古罗马诗人。

李维（前59-17），古罗马历史学家。