高考英语语篇型语法填空考点及解题策略

2020-08-06 14:39李茜
新课程·上旬 2020年7期
关键词:语法填空解题策略考点

李茜

摘 要:全国卷高考英语语篇型语法填空考查学生语篇理解、分析句子结构、语法运用及单词拼写的英语综合应用能力。从有提示词和无提示词两大方面总结了七大考点及对应的11个答题技巧。

关键词:语法填空;考点;解题策略

全国卷高考英语语篇型语法填空考查学生语篇理解、分析句子结构、语法运用及单词拼写的英语综合应用能力。笔者通过对近六年英语全国卷的研读及学生实战演练,就语篇型语法填空归纳总结出一些考点及对应的解题技巧,供大家在教学或备考中参考。

一、有提示词试题的解题技巧

考点一:动词——谓语动词

例: Our hosts shared many of their experiences and

(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019年全国Ш卷) Key: recommended.

Skill 1:若句中没有谓语v.,或者虽已有谓语v.,但需填的v.与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语v.;若是谓语v.,考虑时态语态及主谓一致。

考点二:动词——非谓语动词

例: We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call______(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.(2019全国Ⅱ卷) Key:saying.

Skill 2:若句中已有谓语v.,又不是并列谓语v.时,所给v.就是非谓语v.。若是非谓语v.则确定用-ing形式、-ed形式,还是用to do. 确定非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。

Attention:有时给出的v.既不是谓语v.也不是非谓语v.,而是要求词性转换。

考点三:词类、形、义转换题

例1:When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting___________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. (2019年全国Ш卷)Key:competition.

Skill 3:所填单词作S.或O.或者在article, prep., adj., 形容词性物主pron.或名词所有格后,考虑填n.,注意单复数形式。

例2:They also shared with us many __________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.(2019年全国Ш卷) Key:traditional.

Skill 4:作表语、定语或补语,通常用adj.。

例3:It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been_______(poor) studied. (2019年全国I卷) Key:poorly.

Skill 5:修饰v., adj., adv.或全句,考虑填adv.

例4:..., leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _______(high) than they actually are. (2019年全国I卷) Key:higher.

Skill 6:所给的是adj.或adv., 不改变词义或词性,考虑比较级或最高级。

例5:When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_____(they) alive.(2018年全国Ш卷) Key:them

Skill 7:所給的是pron.,注意人称代词、物主代词和反身代词之间的转换。

二、无提示词试题的解题技巧

考点一:冠词

例:When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was____joke. (2019 全国Ⅱ卷) Key: a.

Skill 8:n.或adj.+n.前面若没有限定词(article,形容词性物主pron.,不定pron.), 很可能填article.

考点二:介词

例:We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____dogs, seven to be exact.(2019年全国Ш卷) Key: of.

Skill 9:空格后是n., pron.或v-ing,且它们在句中不作主语、表语,也不作v.的宾语时,很可能是填prep. (不单独作句子成分,常用于n.或v.搭配)

考点三:并列连词

例:Irene said, “I dont see any reason to give up work...I work not because I have to,______because I want to.” (2019 全国Ⅱ卷) Key: but.

Skill 10:若两个或几个平行的词、短语或分句之间没有conj.,可能填并列conj.

考点四:(从句)引导词

例:Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,______she opened with her late husband Les. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Key: which.

Skill 11:若两个主谓结构之间没有并列conj.,也没有分号或句号,要填从句的引导词。

总之,答语篇型语法填空题型时,注意四步走原则:浏览全文, 理解大意;分析句子,确定词性;根据语义, 确定词形;检查搭配, 前后连贯。

注:本文系甘肃省“十三五”教育科学规划立项课题《碎片式学习在甘南藏区高中英语教学中的研究与应用》(课题立项号为GS[2018]GHB4069)的研究成果之一。

编辑 高 琼

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