Module 1 British and American English

本模块知识网络

compare  vt.  比较

add  vt.  加;增加

present  vt.  陈述;提出（观点、计划等）

simplify  vt.  简化

queue  vi.  （英） 排队（等候）

differ  vi.  不同，有区别

accent  n.  口音

underground  n.  （英）地铁

flashlight  n.  （美）手电筒

variety  n.  种类

settler  n.  移民;定居者

remark  n.  评论;讲话

satellite  n.  卫星

switch  n.  开关

edition  n.  （广播、电视节目的）期;版

attempt  n.  努力;尝试

look  n.  外观;外表;样子

reference  n.  参考;查阅

obvious  adj.  显然的，显而易见的

standard  adj.  标准的

have... in common   有相同的特点

make a difference   有影响，使不相同

get around   四处走动（旅行）

be similar to   与……相似

have difficulty （in） doing sth   做某事有困难

lead to   引起;导致

in favour of 同意;支持

refer to... as...   称……为……

thanks to   幸亏，多亏

get on （with...）   （与……）和睦相处;取得进展

queue up   排队等候

so far   到目前为止，迄今为止

make a fuss of sb   对某人关爱备至/过分爱护

pick up   （偶然）学会;拿起，捡起

wear off   逐渐消失，消逝

fight against   与……做斗争;反对

motorway  n.  （英）高速公路

variation  n.  變化

announcement  n.  声明;宣告

combination  n.  组合;结合

confusing  adj.  令人困惑的;难懂的

steadily  adv.  不断地;持续地

rapidly  adv.  迅速地

distinctive  adj.  与众不同的

复习动词时态：

一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将来时。

词汇短语园地

1. confusing   adj.   令人困惑的;难懂的

The instructions on the box are very confusing.

盒子上的使用说明令人费解。

confuse  vt.   使糊涂，使迷惑

confuse A with/and B   将A与B混淆

Im always confusing Jack with James.

我总是分不清杰克与詹姆斯。

confused   adj.   糊涂的;迷惑的;混乱的

2. compare   vt.   比较，对比

I compared the copy with the original， but there wasnt much difference.

我比较了复印件和原件，但差别不是很大。

（1） compared to/with...   和……相比

Compared to many students， he is lucky.

和许多学生比起来，他是幸运的。

My own problems seem insignificant compared with other peoples.

与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。

（2） compare... to...   把……比作……

Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。

（3） compare notes （with sb）   （与某人）交换意见

After comparing notes we found that we had the same opinion.

交换意见后，我们发现我们的想法是一致的。

（1）compare   n.   比较

without/beyond compare   无与伦比

The height of the new building is without compare in the world.

这座新楼的高度在世界上是无与伦比的。

Its a diamond beyond compare.

这是一颗独一无二的钻石。

（2）comparison   n.   比较;对比

by comparison   比较起来;相比之下

by/in comparison （with sb/sth）（与……）相比较

3. differ   vi.   不同，有区别

Customs differ in different countries.

各国风俗不同。

（1） differ from...   和……不同

Their house differs from ours because they have no garage.

他们的房子和我们的不同，因为他们没有车库。

（2） differ in...   在……方面不同

The two boxes differ in color but not in size.

這两个盒子的颜色不同，大小却相同。

（3） differ with sb about/on/over sth   和某人在某事上持不同看法

We differ with them on that question.

我们在那个问题上跟他们的意见不同。

4. present  vt.      陈述;提出（观点、计划等）;

展现;显示

adj.   出席的;到场的;现存的;当前的

n.      礼物，礼品

When is the committee presenting their report？

委员会什么时候提出他们的报告？

The book presents an interesting picture.

这本书呈现了一幅有趣的画面。

How many people were present at the meeting？

参加会议的有多少人？

We do not have any more information at the present time.

目前我们没有进一步的消息。

What can I get him for a birthday present？

我送他什么生日礼物呢？

5. attempt   n.   努力;尝试

v.   努力;尝试;试图

They made no attempt to escape.

他们没有企图逃跑。

I will attempt to answer all your questions.

我将努力回答你的全部问题。

be in an attempt to do sth   试图做某事

make an attempt to do/at doing sth   打算做某事

attempt to do sth   试图做某事

6. have... in common   有相同的特点

I married her because we have so much in common.

我之所以跟她结婚，是因为我们俩有很多共同点。

have sth in common   有共同之处

have nothing in common   没有共同之处

have much in common   有很多共同之处

have little in common   几乎没有共同之处

7. lead to   引起;导致;通向

Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.

過量的工作和过少的休息通常会引发疾病。

This will lead to trouble in the future.

这将导致以后的麻烦。

All roads lead to Rome.

条条大路通罗马。

lead   vt.   过（某种生活）

lead a happy/hard/simple life  过着幸福/艰苦/简朴的生活

8. in favour of   同意;支持;看中，选择

They were in favour of free trade.

他们赞成自由贸易。

Im in favour of equal pay for equal work.

我支持同工同酬。

He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a doctor.

他弃教从医。

do sb a favour = do a favour for sb   帮某人一个忙

Would you do me a favour/do a favour for me and turn off the radio？

能否请你帮我把收音机关上？

9. refer to... as...   称……为……

People refer to this kind of food as cheese.

人们称这种食物为奶酪。

People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”.

那些在办公室工作的人常被称为“白领”。

refer to   提到;谈论;参考;参照;与……相关

The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.

科学家把这一发现称为这一领域里最令人激动的进展。

Please refer to a dictionary if you dont know the meaning of the word.

如果你不知道这个词的意思，就请查查词典。

What I have to say refers to all of you.

我要讲的话与你们大家都有关。

10. pick up   （偶然）学会;拿起;捡起;

（开车）接人;得到;感染

She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.

她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。

I picked up the book for her.

我替她捡起了那本书。

Ill pick you up at five.

我五点钟来接你。

I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from someplace.

我似乎从什么地方染上了重感冒。

11. wear off   逐渐消失;消逝;磨掉;磨损

The smell of the new paint will wear off in about a month.

新漆的味道一个月左右就会消失。

I bought those new plates cheaply， and the pretty rose pattern has been worn off already.

那些新盘子我买得很便宜，上面漂亮的玫瑰花纹都已经磨掉了。

（1） wear away   变薄;磨光

The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of people.

成千上万的人把台阶踏得磨损了。

（2） wear out   穿破;用坏;（使）精疲力竭;耗尽

He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.

去年他穿坏了两双鞋。

Youll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.

你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。

跟踪导练（一）

A

British people have a lot of customs and habits. Three “INGS” are the most famous. The three “INGS” refer to betting， drinking and tipping. The ending for each of them is ING.

As we know， the British people are great lovers of betting. They bet on many things， but they bet mainly on sports activities， such as horse-racing. It is a gambling （賭博） sport. This means that they will risk money on a race or on some other events of which the result is doubtful. Not only the amount of the betted money but also the number of the people who take part in it is very large.

Drinking is another habit of the British people. Most men have the habit of drinking beer， wine and so on. They also drink tea. Their drinking habits are so normal that they have it in pubs， inns and restaurants from 11：00 am to 3：00 pm and again from 5：00 pm to 10：30 pm. But sometimes the hours are different in different places. Every day they have two twenty-minute tea breaks; one is in the morning， the other in the afternoon， during which people stop their work and drink tea. It is reported that the British people use up a quarter of the world total of the tea goods.

Tipping is the last of the three. It seems you should give a certain amount of money to the person who has served you. The number of the money depends on the type and extent of the service you have received. In the hotel， a service charge of 10 to 15 percent will be added to your bill; and you might give something extra to the porter who carried your bags; and you might give some more money to your taxi driver besides your fee.

1. What does the three “INGS” refer to？

A. Playing， drinking and singing.

B. Betting， drinking and tipping.

C. Drinking， singing and tipping.

D. Betting， tipping and playing.

2. The underlined sentence suggests that British people ___ .

A. are very rich B. like taking risks

C. are fond of betting D. love sports activities

3. How much might you actually give for a 100-pound bill when served in a hotel in Britain？

A. From 100 to 115. B. From 110 to 115.

C. From 110 to 120. D. From 115 to 120.

B

A “lost tribe” that reached America from Australia may have been the first Native Americans， according to a new theory.

If proved by DNA evidence， the theory will break long established beliefs about the southerly migration of people who entered America across the Bering Strait， found it empty and occupied it.

On this theory rests the belief of Native Americans to have been the first true Americans. They would be classified to the ranks of escapee， beaten to the New World by Aboriginals in boats.

To a European， this may seem like an academic argument， but to Americans， it is a philosophical question about identity， Silvia Gonzales， of Liverpool University said.

Her claims are based on skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico that have skulls （头骨） quite unlike the broad Mongolian features of Native Americans. These narrow-skulled people have more in common with Southern Asians， Aboriginal Australians and people of the South Pacific Region.

The bones， stored at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City， have been carbon-dated and one is 12，700 years old， which places it several thousand years before the arrival of people from the North. “We think there were several migration waves into the Americas at different times by different human groups，” Dr Gonzales said. “The timing， route and point of origin of the first colonization of the Americans remains a most contentious topic in human evolution.”

But comparisons based on skull shape are not considered conclusive by anthropologists， so a team of Mexican and British scientists， backed by the Natural Environment Research Council， has also attempted to take out DNA from the bones.  Dr Gonzales declined to say exactly what the results were， as they need to be checked， but indicated that they were consistent （一致） with an Australian origin.

4. The skulls of the skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico are ___  .

A. narrow-shaped B. perfect

C. broad-shaped D. terrible

5. It is generally considered that the first Native Americans came from ___  .

A. North Asia B. Australia

C. North Pacific D. South Asia

6. The underlined word “contentious” in Paragraph 6 means “___”.

A. well-known to all B. difficult to solve

C. likely to cause great interest D. likely to cause argument

7. What can we infer from the last paragraph about the origin of the Native Americans？

A. DNA tests have proved it.

B. Scientists are still not sure about it.

C. Research on skulls can tell us about it.

D. Results show that they are the same as Australian origin.

C

If you visit the new mummies （木乃伊） show at the American Museum of Natural History （AMNH）， in New York City， dont miss the Gilded Lady. Scientists say she probably died of lung disease when she was in her 40s—about 2，000 years ago—in Egypt. Based on the model of her skull， an artist was sure how she may have looked when she was alive. And yet， the mummys coffin has never been opened. Instead， scientists used a machine called a CT scanner （掃描仪） to look inside.

“A hundred years ago， scientists would usually open mummies coffins. This did a great deal of harm to those mummies，” says AMNH president Ellen V. Futter. “We just dont do that anymore. We can do so much better. By using CT scanners， scientists can know about an ancient persons diet from some of a mummys hair. Pieces of bone can show who was related to whom.”

Some mummies in Peru were buried with a skull hanging from their neck. Scientists thought these mummies wore the skull of an enemy. But DNA evidence showed that the mummies were buried with the skull of an ancestor.

The 19 mummies in the show are from Egypt and Peru. They had completely different reasons for mummifying the dead. The ancient Egyptians believed that mummification allowed an ancestor to live on in the next world. The people who prepared the Gilded Lady thought she would continue to see， hear， and smell. In ancient Peru， people practiced mummification to stay connected with their ancestors. Some families kept mummies in their home.

Futter calls the mummies in the show “messengers from another time”. With the help of technology， scientists will continue to uncover mummies secrets so we can understand it.

8. What did scientists find about the Gilded Lady？

A. She was a great artist.

B. She died a natural death.

C. She lived in ancient Egypt.

D. She had an amazingly long life.

9. What do Futters words suggest？

A. Pieces of bone show a persons diet.

B. CT scanners do great harm to mummies.

C. Mummies usually wore the skull of an enemy.

D. Technology is important in mummy studies.

10. Why did the ancient Peruvians make mummies？

A. To do traditional medical research.

B. To keep close ties with their relatives.

C. To help their families live a better life.

D. To let their ancestors live in another world.

11. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to？

A. Technology. B. Mummification.

C. The help. D. The show.

D

One way of predicting the future is to look back at the past. Today the status of English—as a means of communication by speakers of different languages—is similar to that of the Latin of pre-modern Europe. Classical Latin was kept alive as a standard written medium throughout Europe long after the fall of the Roman Empire. But the Vulgar Latin used in speech continued to change， forming new local languages， which in time gave rise to the modern Romance languages： French， Spanish， Portuguese， Romanian and Italian.

Similar developments may be found today in the use of English around the globe， especially in countries where it works as a second language. New languages are appearing， in which the features of English are mixed with those of other native tongues and their pronunciations. For example， Spanglish， a mixture of English and Spanish， is the native tongue of millions of speakers in the US. So we may have an image of the future English.

Looking back to the early 20th century， it was the Standard English used in England that was welcome. But today the largest concentration of native speakers is in the US， and the influence of American English can be heard throughout the world. US spellings such as disk and program are already preferred to disc and programme. There is a wider acceptance of American preferences， such as favorite， donut， dialog， center.

In the online world， attitudes to correctness have changed： different spellings are accepted and punctuation （標点） marks are used to express a range of attitudes， including apologizing， challenging， thanking， agreeing， and so on. Letters are used to show anger， misspellings show humor and build group identity， and smiley-faces or emoticons （表情符号） express a range of reactions. Some have questioned whether the increasing development and use of emoticons， which allow speakers to communicate without the need for language， mean that we will stop communicating in English at all？ We hope not.

12. What can we infer from Paragraph 1？

A. Latin is now widely used in the world.

B. English plays an important role in the world.

C. English gave rise to many European languages.

D. Latin became less valued after the fall of the Roman Empire.

13. What will English be like in the future？

A. A combination of a native language and English.

B. A mix of British English and American English.

C. An international language featuring different cultures.

D. A language combining standard English and online English.

14. What can we infer from Paragraph 3？

A. Standard English is encouraged globally.

B. US spellings lead to better communication.

C. The disadvantages of British English are obvious.

D. American English is gaining popularity in the world.

15. Which word can best describe the way online language is used？

A. Formally. B. Freely.

C. Confusingly. D. Standardly.

How to Improve Vocabulary Fast？

Your vocabulary refers to the words in a language you are familiar with. We should learn some ways to expand it.

Read every day.         1         Choose reading material that is slightly above your level and keep a dictionary with you to look up words you do not know.

2         If you do not meet with an unfamiliar word in your daily reading， use your dictionary to search for one.

Learn the correct definition and pronunciation for each new word. Pronunciation is as important as definition because in order to add a word to your active vocabulary， you must be able to use it in speech.

Elaborate （詳尽阐述） on the meaning of the word. If you have just learned the word “stubborn”， think about the neighbor who will not lend you his car.         3

Use your new word in speech and in writing. E-mail your sister about how your cat is stubborn about sleeping on your pillow.         4         But the more you use it， the more fluent you will become in its use. Soon it will be a regular part of your active vocabulary.

Tell everyone you are trying to increase your vocabulary. Encourage them to ask you what your latest word is.         5

The more you explain the meaning of a word to someone， the more likely you are to remember it.

A. Find a new word every day.

B. The vocabulary can be increased.

C. Your vocabulary contains the words you understand.

D. The more often you read， the faster your vocabulary

can grow.

E. Or let them ask for the definition of a new word you

have used.

F. The first time you use a new word in speech it may

seem strange.

G. Imagine him shaking his head， and think of him as

“stubborn in his refusal”.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

History has some very special qualities about it. It is a

1of what has happened in the past， and the really interesting thing is that much of history has been2again and again. It allows us to learn from the past， both the3made and the successes achieved.

One of the4of history is that it allows us to know how famous people5when they were faced with challenges in their life.6these challenges happened at a certain time in the past or in a7country or culture， all of them can always teach us something8 .

Take the9of Thomas Edison for example and how many times he10while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb. He could be held up as an example of a person who11stopped trying. I am sure he was12by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him. He had a13and he just kept trying until he reached success.

Or， think about the story of Abraham Lincoln who14to become President of the United States even though he suffered15losses. Most of us only know about his success.16 ， his life was not easy. His story makes us keep moving forward no matter what17we have in life.

These true history stories will make you stop to reconsider18or going after your dreams even though you may not think you have the courage or the19for now to get what you have always wanted. They could help you make decisions and20when you have no idea what to do. They could inspire you to be all that you can be.

1. A. note B. belief C. chance D. record

2. A. repeated B. expected C. reported D. corrected

3. A. agreements B. jokes C. mistakes D. challenges

4. A. events B. advantages C. problems D. periods

5. A. dealt B. explored C. competed D. reacted

6. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. Whether

7. A. different B. poor C. developed D. famous

8. A. clear B. useful C. special D. simple

9. A. name B. character C. position D. story

10. A. observed B. approached C. escaped D. failed

11. A. never B. yet C. still D. also

12. A. shocked B. discouraged

C. beaten D. controlled

13. A. job B. duty C. dream D. power

14. A. happened B. prepared C. managed D. pretended

15. A. money B. weight C. slight D. personal

16. A. After all B. As usual C. In all D. In fact

17. A. difficulties B. improvements

C. permissions D. directions

18. A. giving up B. passing by

C. setting off D. calming down

19. A. habit B. ability C. goal D. choice

20. A. introductions B. conversations

C. judgments D. impressions

下列各句均有1個错误，请改正。

1. It was obviously to everyone that the child had been badly treated. ____

2. He didnt come to my birthday party for variety of reasons.

____

3. The two sisters differ widely from their hobbies. ____

4. It was a very confused situation and we didnt know how to deal with it. ____

5. He was given the suitcase his father and grandfather have taken along to school. ____

1﹒裁掉老員工的决定遭到了俱乐部中大多数人的批评。（criticise）

2﹒除了说同一种语言，我们没有什么共同点。（have... in common）

3﹒化学老师告诉我们食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。（lead to）

4﹒他是否出席会议对我来说无关紧要。（make a difference）

5﹒如果你在理解这篇文章上有什么困难的话，请立刻告诉我。【have difficulty （in） doing sth】

跟踪导练（二）

A

The Five Largest Hotel Ballrooms in Washington， DC

Marriott Marquis Washington， DC—30，600 Square Feet

The Marriott Marquis was completed in 2014 and has earned the distinction of being the citys largest hotel. Its the only hotel that connects directly to the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.

Washington Marriott Wardman Park—28，584 Square Feet

The giant pandas at the National Zoo are a nearby draw， but the Marriott Wardman Park built in 1918 is also one of DCs most historic hotels. The hotel is also a member of the Connecticut Avenue Collection.

Renaissance Washington， DC Downtown Hotel—19，032 Square Feet

Offering convenient access to shopping， entertainment and the convention center， the Renaissance perfectly combines style and functionality with 64，000 square feet of innovative event space， a variety of food and drink options and an on-site spa and fitness center.

JW Marriott Washington， DC—13，680 Square Feet

Located on Americas Main Streets （Pennsylvania Avenue has the nickname of Americas Main Street， but the actual name is Pennsylvania Avenue）， the JW Marriott Washington， DC is only 2.5 blocks from the White House. Head to 1331 Bar & Lounge inside the hotel and look for a sign officially recognizing the rickey as DCs native cocktail.

Hyatt Regency Washington on Capitol Hill—11，388 Square Feet

If youre looking to host a modern meeting near the US Capitol， the Hyatt Regency Washington has you covered. The Regency Ballrooms 18-foot ceilings offer plenty of open space for meetings and events.

1. Which hotel is convenient for you to get to the Walter E.

Washington Convention Center？

A. JW Marriott Washington， DC.

B. Marriott Marquis Washington， DC.

C. Washington Marriott Wardman Park.

D. Renaissance Washington， DC Downtown Hotel.

2. What can you do near the Washington Marriott Wardman Park？

A. See giant pandas.

B. Appreciate works of art.

C. Go for an on-site spa.

D. Do exercise in a fitness center.

3. What can we learn about the JW Marriott Washington， DC？

A. It is located on Pennsylvania Avenue.

B. It is very far from the White House.

C. It is located opposite the 1331 Bar & Lounge.

D. It can offer open space for meetings and events.

B

My two-and four-year-old boys love to win， whether theyre racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. Its true that those with high status， from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars， are people we like and respect. A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate （天生的） preference for high-ranking people—but only if those people arent hurtful toward others.

Researchers showed toddlers （aged 21 to 31 months） a scene where two puppets （木偶） approached one another from opposite sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better， 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status， this suggests that children have a preference for those with higher status—even before age three.

However， the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case， 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded： “When approaching others， young children care not only who wins， but also how.” The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status， but this experiment goes one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young， this might even be an innate human preference.

In a word， this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So， when my four-year-old son thinks that he has to get his shoes on first， Ill keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.

4. What do we tend to do by nature according to Paragraph 1？

A. Seek challenges all the time.

B. Admire high-ranking people.

C. Take advantage of high status.

D. Hurt others with rude words.

5. Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass？

A. It looked attractive. B. It behaved smartly.

C. It seemed polite. D. It was respected.

6. What can we infer from the latter study？

A. Slower people are better loved by toddlers.

B. People naturally dislike unkind behavior.

C. Toddlers care little about high social status.

D. Being helpful contributes to being supported.

7. According to the last paragraph， what should we do when we encourage children to win？

A. Instruct them to use proper and creative ways.

B. Advise them to be as hardworking as possible.

C. Remind them to be considerate to other people.

D. Tell them to try to work together with someone else.

C

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly， believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad， that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them， playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit （追求） of success， the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However， while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed， others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players， they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people， I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to look for failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying， they always have an excuse： “I may have lost， but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost， that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly， this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve （消失） can we discover a new meaning in competition.

8. According to the text， why do some people favor competition？

A. It pushes society forward.

B. It builds up a sense of duty.

C. It improves personal abilities.

D. It encourages individual efforts.

9. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means those who ___  .

A. try their best to win

B. value competition most highly

C. rely on others most for success

D. are against competition most strongly

10. What idea will the author agree with？

A. Every effort should be paid back.

B. Competition should be encouraged.

C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

11. What does the text mainly tell us？

A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.

B. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

C. Opinions about competition are different among people.

D. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

D

You may think that the story of Pygmalion （《賣花女》， 1913）—in which people are judged by the way they talk—is something that only existed in the days of British high society. But thanks to etiquette expert and author William Hanson， we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.

In a BBC radio program， Hanson released a list of common words used in British English that could reveal whether a person is “common” or “fashionable”.

And yet here comes the interesting part： While some of us might go through life using fancy words， dressing in ways that make us appear more well-off than we really are， there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as “normal” instead of “showy”.

Beatrice， for example， is a New Yorker who inherited

（继承） millions of dollars. She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags （标签） from her clothes so her house staff dont see them and feel uncomfortable.

“We dont want that ‘Wow，” said Scott， also a New Yorker， who had just inherited over $50 million. “Were just not the type of people who wear it on our sleeve.”

12. What has changed little during 100 years？

A. People failed to judge others manner.

B. People meet impolite persons frequently.

C. People tend to use more polite words.

D. People judge others by their way of talking.

13. What do rich people prefer to do according to the text？

A. To earn more money.

B. To hide their wealth.

C. To think highly of their wealth.

D. To judge others by their wealth.

14. Why did Beatrice remove the price tags on her clothes？

A. To pretend to be normal.

B. To show off her fashion sense.

C. To change peoples attitude to rich people.

D. To avoid making people around her uncomfortable.

15. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph mean？

A. The Times magazine. B. The brand label.

C. The inheritance contract. D. The price tag.

Two or three years ago， I was very envious （羨慕） of the “cool” girls in my class. They chose  clothes in grown-up stores while I was still  at Childrens Place. In fact， I was  of wearing jackets and jeans every day. This condition  for quite a while， lowering my self-confidence and making me burn with  whenever I saw a girl who was better dressed than me. With my parents credit card in hand， I  all the clothes I ever dreamed of owning.

On the first day of a new term， I put on my new  and headed out of the door. Not surprisingly， it was the most  day of my life. Everybody was looking at me in a strange way， the new girl，  the style that made me feel like I was nothing more than a（n）  only playing at being me.

Since then， another year has come and gone， bringing many new . Very quickly， I realized it was a mistake to  others and only wear the clothes the “cool” girls were wearing. What was more  was finding a style that fitted my personality. I used the clothes in my closet to  my own style， which didnt make me fear but gave me .

I  that if you are not comfortable with what you are wearing， you will not look  no matter how fashionable your clothes are. Being fashionable comes from within yourself， not from the clothes you wear. The  here is not to be afraid to break out of your shell， but break out for the  reasons， in the right direction. In other words，  the way you want to， not the way others say you should.

1. A. cheap B. popular C. strange D. foreign

2. A. working B. studying C. playing D. shopping

3. A. proud B. fond C. ashamed D. careful

4. A. stood out B. went on C. stayed up D. took place

5. A. anger B. surprise C. pain D. fear

6. A. sold B. designed C. accepted D. ordered

7. A. shoes B. clothes C. jackets D. jeans

8. A. exciting B. unreal C. uncomfortable D. pleasant

9. A. showing B. breaking C. forming D. preparing

10. A. manager B. teacher C. actress D. waitress

11. A. chances B. changes C. awards D. conditions

12. A. forget B. admire C. thank D. copy

13. A. convenient B. interesting C. important D. difficult

14. A. create B. exchange C. invent D. buy

15. A. opinion B. confidence C. respect D. knowledge

16. A. answer B. hear C. promise D. learn

17. A. honest B. strong C. kind D. nice

18. A. wonder B. reason C. lesson D. note

19. A. proper B. special C. wrong D. perfect

20. A. follow B. develop C. avoid D. miss

How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with non-native English speakers？ It seems that1（break）English annoys them. However， they keep being really nice when speaking with non-native speakers. I wonder how they really feel when doing so.

I think it would depend2the native English speakers.Some people are just3（easy） annoyed. Personally， I study Spanish. When I hear someone attempting English， I am patient with them because I know4difficult it is to talk in a non-native tongue. I also know English is very difficult5（learn）， and that increases my respect for their effort. Im a patient person by nature.

The situation matters too. If I6（be） a waiter on a super crowded day and really needed to do about a dozen different things， I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while7（order） his meal.

There also exists the8（possible） that what is considered as annoyance is not truly annoyance. I might frown （皺眉） while listening to a non-native speaker，9that is because I10（concentrate） and listening hard to understand him. It doesnt mean Im at all annoyed.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

I used to be a happy little girl and now Im shy and say a few words. When I was eleven， I lost one of the front tooth and it replaced by a false one. Now no one know about it except two of my friends. However， I find it hardly to face them because they know my secret. When I spoke to them， they often stare at my mouth， what makes me feel uneasy. I am afraid of make friends as I think they will laugh at me. Sometimes I even want to hide me indeed. What should I do？

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

announce confuse compare simplify queue

refer remark steady settle variety

1. There are several ____ books which can help you make your choice.

2. Its good manners to ____ up at the bus stop for the bus.

3. What he said was very ____ and I couldnt understand.

4. ____ with our first house， this new one has a better view.

5. So far， the application forms ____ several times to make them easier to full in.

6. There are wide ____ of projects to choose from in building this house.

7. Early ____ had an extremely difficult life in opening up and developing the new continent.

8. James ____ upon the subject when I came into the room.

9. The darkness was ____ growing， and the people were becoming more and more worried.

10. ____ of births， marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.

1﹒玛丽是一个善良的女孩，她和同学们相处融洽。

（get on with）

2﹒汤姆午餐时去售票处，但票已经全部卖完了。（sell out）

3﹒今晚我不打算和你争论，因为我实在太累了。

（argue with）

4﹒天气暖和一点雪就会开始融化。（melt）

5﹒他竭尽全力尝试找人帮忙，但没有人愿意帮助他。

（attempt）

跟踪导练（三）

A

English， as we all know， is considered as the universal language. It is spoken all over the world. However， you will also notice that people all over the world are using different types of English. Lets take a closer look at these two popular types： UK and US English. Even if both types of English are wildly used， there are some differences that will be worth knowing to find out the type of English that you are using.

US English is what we know as the American English which is widely used in the United States. UK English， on the other hand， is known as the British English. Some also call it the BBC English since it is the English used by British reporters， and another name for it is the Queens English.

In terms of vocabulary， some words in US English may mean something different in the UK English. For example， the word biscuit for the British means baked sweet or salty cake that is hard when baked and softened over time; while in the US it is a quick bread served with salty foods.

With regards to pronunciation， American English is more nasal （鼻音的）. Stress is also another difference to consider. Just like in the word princess， British stress the second syllable （音節） while Americans stress the first.

Spelling is another area of difference. American English spelling is more simple. Example of which includes， color for the US and colour for the UK， the same goes with honor and honour. The doubling of letters in words is another good example. It will be traveler in the US and traveller in the UK. The use of “-og” instead of “-ogue” in the words such as dialog and dialogue or catalog and catalogue.

1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2？

A. The BBC. B. The Queen of UK.

C. The British English. D. The American English.

2. Which word belongs to the UK English？

A. Color. B. Honor. C. Traveler. D. Dialogue.

3. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. The future of US English and UK English.

B. The history of US English and UK English.

C. Similarity between US English and UK English.

D. Differences between US English and UK English.

B

The world is changing so fast that English， perhaps the most widely used language， is struggling to keep up.Learners in the future are likely to be much younger.Young children are often said to be better at language learning than older learners but they also have special challenges.Young children dont usually have the kind of instrumental motivation and determination for learning English that older learners often have. English lessons must therefore be fun and rewarding.

The reasons why people learn English are also changing. Globalization is bringing together more people than ever who speak different languages and who are turning to English as the means of communication. The English learners of the future may be less worried about sounding exactly like a native speaker and more concerned about how to use English effectively in cross-cultural communication. We may be hearing more non-native speakers in dialogues and a wider range of the “New Englishes” now used around the world.

Technology will allow English to come to you， rather than you having to go to a special place to learn English.

Learning English has always involved both pain and pleasure， private effort and social activity. Traditional learning provided take-it or leave-it mixes of these as well as of content but in future learners will be able to choose a plan which suits their cultural and psychological dispositions （性情）， or their particular needs at that moment. They， rather than their teachers， will decide how， what and when they will learn.

Above all， learning English is about communication and an important benefit of learning English is being able to exchange views and make friends with people all over the world. Despite the growing independence of learners， trusted institutions and brand names will remain important.

4. Compared to older learners， young English learners ______ .

A. are more active in learning

B. have more difficulty in learning

C. are more hard-working in learning

D. have less lasting determination in learning

5. What can we learn about the future English language？

A. British English will be more popular.

B. American English will be more popular.

C. Many different kinds of Englishes will appear.

D. Standard English will be spoken by most people.

6. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about English learning in the future？

A. It means less pain.

B. Learners will be less independent.

C. More attention will be paid to personal needs.

D. Training schools wont be popular with the youth.

7. What can we learn from the passage？

A. Future English lessons will be more interesting.

B. Old people will have to learn English in the future.

C. People will pay more attention to English pronunciation.

D. Teachers will play a more important role in ones English learning.

C

The moment Frank， Jasmine and their parents settled in a small， comfortable hotel at the bottom of a mountain， they went outside and looked around. What they saw around them were huge mountains. “I cant wait to ski，” said Frank.

The next day they set off very early. They took the chairlift up to the top of one mountain. They got out at the top of the mountain and looked down at the village. They could only see small matchbox houses and the people walking round were ants.

Frank and Jasmine set off down the mountain at top speed. This mountain was much steeper than the others. Jasmine felt herself going out of control and fell into some soft green trees.

“Are you okay？” Frank turned back and shouted from a distance.

“Yes， Im alright，” she shouted back.

Then Jasmine heard a low noise from the other side of the mountain. She looked across and saw that the clouds were black. The noise continued and then she saw it. A huge sheet of white snow was heading towards Frank.

“Frank， ski quickly！” she shouted. “Its an avalanche （雪崩）！” And suddenly everything was dark.

Then the search began. But no sign of the children was found. As the dark clouds brought rain and then more snow in the afternoon， it was almost impossible to search. The rescue  team were about to give up the search when they heard Bruno， Frank and Jasmines pet dog， barking loudly in the green trees. He came out of the trees carrying a boot. It was one of Franks.

The team followed Bruno into the trees and found Frank lying under them. Not far away， Jasmine was found. They were taken to hospital. After a week they felt much better. One afternoon Bruno came to visit them. Jasmine said， “Thank you， Bruno. You saved our lives！” The dog barked happily.

8. How did Frank feel when he arrived at his destination？

A. Curious. B. Excited.

C. Nervous. D. Surprised.

9. Why did Jasmine fall into the trees？

A. The slope was very steep.

B. There is something dangerous in the front.

C. The sudden avalanche frightened her.

D. The beauty of the mountain attracted her.

10. What can we say about the avalanche？

A. It happened because of too much snow.

B. It happened because of the heavy rain.

C. It covered the children in a second.

D. It came from another mountain.

11. The children could be saved mainly thanks to ___ .

A. the rescue team B. their parents

C. the hospital D. their dog

D

Teachers in some areas of the United States are always being asked to do more with less. Theyre given smaller budgets （預算） and larger schedules in schools that employ fewer teachers and take in more students. But none of these struggles can quite compare to the challenges faced by a teacher in Ghana who teaches his students how to use computers without using a computer.

Richard Appiah Akoto， who goes by the nickname Owura Kwadwo Hottish online， posted photos of his classroom， and theyve gotten quite a lot response. Akoto is an information and communication technology （ICT） teacher who has the challenge of teaching his students without an actual computer. So like any good teacher， Akoto improvises （即兴创作） by drawing pictures of a computer interface on the blackboard. In one of the photos， you can see his students drawing the same images in their notebooks.

One might ask， why bother such a boring schedule？ Heres the reason. Even though the students dont have computers， they are still required to pass a national exam that includes a section on computing skills before they can move on to high school.

The good news is that those photos made their way to the right place thanks to an entrepreneur Rebecca Enonchong， who sent Akotos photos to Microsoft Africa， and wrote， “Hey， @Microsoft-Africa， hes teaching MS Word on a blackboard. Surely you can get him some proper resources.”

The following is Microsoft Africas response.

Supporting teachers to enable digital transformation in education is at the center of what we do. We will equip Owura Kwadwo Hottish with a device （设备） from one of our partners， and access to our MCE program & free professional development resources on https：//t.co/dJ6loRUOdg.

Besides Microsoft Africa， many others were also inspired by Akoto and stepped up to the plate and helped Akoto out.

12. What is one of the struggles for some American teachers？

A. Using computers.

B. Having no budgets.

C. Teaching fewer students.

D. Lacking educational resources.

13. What can we infer about Akoto from Paragraph 2？

A. He is interested in drawing pictures.

B. He leads a very poor life at his school.

C. He is a responsible and creative teacher.

D. He likes using advanced teaching method.

14. How did Rebecca Enonchong support Akoto？

A. By providing new computers.

B. By taking photos of Akotos class.

C. By sending more teachers to his school.

D. By asking the related organization for help.

15. What is Microsoft Africas response mainly about？

A. The new way to teach students.

B. The history of Microsoft Africa.

C. The equipment of high-tech education.

D. The supporting ideas for ICT in education.

When I first came to Rochester from Austin， Texas—a place where fall is practically non-existent—I was excited for a real northern fall. But， I wasnt1it to feel like Christmas in October.

Regardless of this2 ， and the adjustment period that Im not entirely sure Im beyond， I am3to be somewhere that has a4fall. By “real” I5an obvious season， a shift in the6and a visual changing of the world around me. The leaves7colors， it rains more often， the air is almost always8and dry， and a light breeze9me to walk a bit faster to get inside. Yes， it is more difficult to be10outside in a Rochester fall—where it isnt just “less hot” but11 ， fairly cold. But， I would argue that time spent outside in this season could be more12than in the summer.

Everyone emphasizes that fall is about change—I wont

13against that. Things do14in the fall—the weather is15becoming worse and worse， the dying leaves become warmly colored， and16you know， well be back to having only eight hours of sunlight a day.

This oncoming change is why I think it is so important to17fall. Fall is not just about the18of change， but also appreciating what will soon be gone. Go outside this fall. Enjoy the19not because they are turning beautiful deep shades （色調） of orange and red，20because there will soon be no leaves in those branches at all.

1. A. interested in B. accessible to C. good at D. prepared for

2. A. surprise B. possibility C. shock D. inspiration

3. A. honored B. thankful C. tired D. frustrated

4. A. rare B. real C. hard D. strange

5. A. take in B. pick up C. call back D. refer to

6. A. weather B. temperature

C. season D. surrounding

7. A. have B. keep C. turn D. need

8. A. cold B. warm C. hot D. wet

9. A. forces B. expects C. urges D. demands

10. A. grateful B. creative C. considerate D. comfortable

11. A. luckily B. actually C. hopefully D. completely

12. A. terrible B. casual C. unpleasant D. valuable

13. A. fight B. argue C. stand D. protect

14. A. remain B. change C. improve D. rest

15. A. steadily B. hardly C. helpfully D. narrowly

16. A. if B. since C. as D. before

17. A. expect B. describe C. appreciate D. celebrate

18. A. process B. disadvantages

C. progress D. result

19. A. mountains B. trees C. leaves D. branches

20. A. so B. even C. but D. still

The weather is getting hotter. Having taken exercise， we will become much  （thirsty）. A cold drink may be just the thing. But most of us are never concerned about what we drink. There  （be） plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have an attractive color or a cool name. Something that looks cool may be harmful to our  （safe）.

After a careful check， we may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine （咖啡因） in them，  （typical） aimed at young people， students， busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say  （they） drinks make us better at sports  can keep us awake. But be careful not to drink too much.

Researches by Australian scientists found caffeine makes our heart beat fast， which in most energy drinks is at least as strong as  in a cup of coffee or tea and that many teenagers  （affect） by caffeine. There are possible health risks connected  energy drinks. Just one can of energy drink can make us nervous，  （cause） heart attacks. So why not stop drinking it right now？

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

accent attempt add cute differ

combine edit present simple subway

1. Noah Webster wrote a dictionary in order to ____ the spelling of English words.

2. The trains and ____ in Tokyo carry thousands of people to and from work every day.

3. They obviously could not tell the ____ between Indian music and jazz.

4. This dictionary is now in its eighth ____ .

5. Those guys over there are the ____ Ive ever seen.

6. The fire is going out. Will you please ____ some wood？

7. He ____ a paper at that meeting which focuses on improving peoples life.

8. A ____ of parties formed the new government as no single party was strong enough.

9. The waiter replied in heavily ____ French-English， “We do not serve the hamburger.”

10. In order to escape from the unhappy life that he had lived for many years， he made several ____ .

下列各句均有1个错误，请改正。

1. When he was a new member of the team， everyone made fuss of him. ____

2. Im not used to eat so much at lunchtime. ____

3. She suggested put the meeting off， for we were not prepared for it. ____

4. Ive gained some working and social experience and I have learnt something cant be learnt from textbooks. ____

5. He didnt decide if to leave or stay in this desperate place.

____

1.她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。（pick up）

2.医生告诉我药效不久就会消失。（wear off）

3.到目前为止你觉得这场演出怎么样？（so far）

4.我们将在这儿待上两三周，享受这里美丽的自然风光和悠闲的生活。（be going to）

5.在社會进步与发展的同时，人们也在同环境污染做斗争。（fight against）

跟踪导练（四）

A

One day， my husband and I went to Greece to visit a well-known temple. We happened to see a French lady who was walking by herself with a stick and obviously had difficulty with the 300 steps that led up to the temple. Noticing her French accent， I started speaking French with her， and she appreciated that， saying her English wasnt very good. She said the next day she would travel to the village we were staying at and I was looking forward to talking to her again， because I enjoyed practicing my French.

The next day I didnt see her. So I thought I maybe missed her. Then， three days later I suddenly met her again at the beach， and she said she was going to take the ferry （渡船） that night at 2 am and was now looking for a place which was close to the port to stay， because obviously she couldnt take her suitcase to the port all on her own in the middle of the night.

The hotel she was staying at was rather expensive. I suggested an inexpensive restaurant to her which was on the beach-front， a short walk from the port. As her hotel didnt offer to take her suitcase to the port， I went with her to her hotel and carried her things to the restaurant.

She was so moved and said nowadays people didnt do this sort of thing any more. But I thought it was normal， because my parents brought me up to carry old ladies shopping bags and so on.

She insisted on buying me a drink， and while drinking she told me a lot about herself. She was a well-known French actress back in the 1970s and stopped making films in 1982 because of some illness. We had a very interesting talk that evening， and she gave me her address. Its so rewarding to help others. I wish I could get the chance to do it more often.

1. What can we infer about the old lady from Paragraph 1？

A. She was visiting a temple.

B. She hated to speak English.

C. She was working in Greece.

D. She reached the temple with the writers help.

2. Why did the writer hope to meet the lady again？

A. To practice French.

B. To teach her English.

C. To help her go to the port.

D. To visit the temple with her.

3. What does the writer think of giving a helping hand？

A. Its difficult. B. Its necessary.

C. Its normal. D. Its unusual.

4. Why did the old lady insist on buying the writer a drink？

A. To share it with her.

B. To show her thanks.

C. To continue the story.

D. To learn how to be helpful.

B

The saying “a penny for your thoughts” is an English idiom simply asking people to volunteer their opinions on an issue being discussed. In modern usage， it is often stated as an indirect way of asking what someone is thinking about.

This phrase is basically a proposal， and the speaker is offering to pay to hear the listeners thoughts. It is an idiom， of course， and not meant literally （字面上地） so no real payment generally takes place.

When the saying originated， a penny was worth a lot more than it is in the 21st century. Therefore， “a penny for your thoughts” likely indicated the thoughts were more valuable to those asking the listener to give them than they are by todays standards. This loss of value can be used ironically （諷刺地）， however， through tone of voice; it can be used to indicate that someones idea is bad or worth a penny in modern value.

The phrase is generally credited to a man by the name of John Heywood， who was born sometime just before the 16th century. During his life， he was a writer who penned many plays and a book in 1546， later known as The Proverbs of John Heywood. It is likely that Heywood did not actually come up with the phrase “a penny for your thoughts”. Rather， he was simply the first person to have set the phrase down in written form. The actual origins of the term are unknown， and since his book was simply a collection of common idioms and expressions， it was probably familiar to people in the mid 1500s.

5. When someone says “a penny for your thoughts”， what does he mean？

A. He wants to ask you for advice.

B. He considers your thoughts unique.

C. He is curious about whats on your mind.

D. He will pay for what youre thinking about.

6. The modern meaning of “a penny for your thoughts” ___ .

A. is more popularly accepted

B. can confuse the listener easily

C. is more closely connected to the value of the penny

D. can differ greatly according to a speakers tone of voice

7. How is Heywood related to the phrase “a penny for your thoughts”？

A. He was the first person to use it.

B. He contributed to the wide use of it.

C. He helped to explain the origins of it.

D. He came up with it while he was writing.

C

On the night of November 14， 1978， a six-year-old South Korean boy was flying to the United States. All he knew was that he was on a plane heading for somewhere. The plane landed at Kennedy International Airport， where he was greeted by a family. This young boy was me.

I have grown up in a town where there were few Asians， so I stuck out in the crowd. I made friends quickly and they treated me just like anyone else. You may ask if anyone made  fun of my appearance. Well， of course， I met that kind of person. I just shrugged （聳肩） it off.

As an adopted child， I have something that others dont have. I have had the benefit of two families. Im lucky to have got a chance to start a new life. But we must try never to forget our past. Someday I will go back to South Korea to find out what kind of culture I left behind.

There is only one thing that I regret about being adopted. When I argue with my parents and they realize they are losing the argument， they sometimes wonder what I would be doing if  I were back in South Korea. I dont understand this because I thought the purpose of adopting someone was to give them a better chance of growing up in a family. Some day when I am older， I want to adopt a girl and raise her the way my parents have raised me， but I would do it better， for I know what went well and what did not.

8. When going to his new family， the writer ___ .

A. was with his own parents

B. was very happy and excited

C. didnt know how old he really was

D. didnt know he was going to be adopted

9. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably means that the writer ___ .

A. was very kind-hearted

B. was disliked by others

C. was very good-looking

D. was easily noticed by others

10. When people made fun of him， how did the writer react？

A. He felt deeply hurt.

B. He wanted to go back to South Korea.

C. He didnt care about it that much.

D. He tried to make friends with them.

11. What can we learn about the writer from Paragraph 3？

A. He wants to forget his past.

B. He isnt sad about being adopted.

C. He isnt interested in South Korean culture.

D. He know nothing about South Korea.

D

“Made in China” Has Changed

Many shoppers in the West still prize labels boasting （吹嘘） a product was made in Italy without knowing that a growing number of Italian products come from factories that are Chinese?-owned and staffed. The products which were marked “Made in China” gave the buyer an impression of “low price and low cost， low technology and development”. The statement used to be true， but now it has changed.

“Made in China” is becoming a leading part in the world market. Chinas garment （服裝） industry has been investing in producing technology and training for decades， and its workforce has collectively gotten better at sewing garments. As a result， the quality of Chinese?-made clothes is rising fast. It has been home to a highly-skilled， highly-specialized garment industry， one that supplies even some high-end （高端的） labels and offers the best mix of price， speed， and quality.

“If I was to make a basic mens jean， Id make that in Pakistan，” said Edward Hertzman， co-?owner of the trade publication Sourcing Journal. “If I was going to make a fashion womens garment， I would move to China because their skill set is better， their hand is better， their finishing is better， and they can handle that type of fashion.”

Indeed， luxury （奢华） fashion labels now routinely make things in China. Burberry， Armani， and Prada have all produced things there， because theyre still able to get good workmanship at a relatively low price. Even the Japanese brand Visvim， known for its crazy attention to detail， also produces high-?end， handmade footwear in China.

Despite the rising wages and costs of doing business in China， companies have not walked away. “China is viewed by people who make buying decisions as unique and hard to copy elsewhere，” says Josh Green， CEO of Panjiva.

12. According to the text， “Made in China” ___ .

a. used to be associated with poor quality

b. is recognized by luxury fashion brands

c. has lost its leading place in the world market

d. reflects Chinas investment in producing technology

A. a， b， c B. a， c， d

C. b， c， d D. a， b， d

13. In which aspects does Edward Hertzman think highly of “Made in China”？

① Workers skills. ② Low prices.

③ Advanced technology. ④ A sense of fashion.

A. ①②③ B. ①②④

C. ②③④ D. ①③④

14. What is the similarity between Prada and Visvim？

A. Both of them are from Japan.

B. They both make products in China.

C. Neither of them sells at a low price.

D. They both produce handmade footwear.

15. What can we infer Josh Greens words in the last paragraph？

A. Chinese companies are more creative than others.

B. Foreign producers want to copy Chinas success.

C. People speak highly of doing business in China.

D. Foreign companies will still stay in China.

Public Speaking Training

Get a coach.

So get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses， here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.

Focus on positives.

Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well.  So good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do.

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts， walk away！ Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.  As far as were concerned， there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.

You are a special person not a clone （克隆人）.

Most importantly， good public speaking training should treat you as a special one， with your own personal habits.  Your training course should help you bring out your personality， not try to turn you into someone youre not.

A. You arent like anybody else.

B. You have done lots of things well.

C. Turn your back on too many rules.

D. Check the rules about dos and donts.

E. Whatever the presentation， public speaking is hard.

F. The one thing you dont want is to make them fall asleep.

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant， waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I  that a man sitting at a table near the window kept looking in my direction，  he knew me. The man had a newspaper  in front of him， which he was pretending  to ， but I could  that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought me my ， the man was clearly confused about the  way in which the waiter and I with each other. He seemed even more confused as  went on and it became  that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the . When he came out， he paid his bill and  without another look in my direction.

I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had . “Well，” he said， “that man was a detective （偵探）. He  you here because he thought you were the man he was  for.” “What？” I said， showing my . The owner continued， “He came into the kitchen and showed me a  of the wanted man. I must say he looked very much like you！ Of course， since we know you， we told him that he had made a big .” “Well， its really  that I came to a  where Im known，” I said， “or I might have been in trouble.”

1. A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized

2. A. what if B. even if C. only if D. as if

3. A. flat B. open C. cut D. closed

4. A. search B. read C. act D. shout

5. A. find B. see C. guess D. learn

6. A. plate B. bill C. paper D. food

7. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny

8. A. chatted B. dealt C. met D. agreed

9. A. air B. time C. rain D. water

10. A. true B. glad C. clear D. possible

11. A. hall B. washroom C. office D. kitchen

12. A. left B. drank C. sat D. ate

13. A. wanted B. tried C. ordered D. done

14. A. visited B. caught C. followed D. discovered

15. A. calling B. caring C. fighting D. looking

16. A. politeness B. surprise C. worry D. joy

17. A. photo B. book C. scene D. list

18. A. wish B. mistake C. decision D. fortune

19. A. helpful B. natural C. optimistic D. lucky

20. A. hotel B. cinema C. restaurant D. bookshop

I had an amused experience last year. Before I left a small village in the south of France， I drove on to next town. On the way， a young man waves to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car， I said good morning to him with French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few word， I do not know any French at all. Neither of them spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town when the young man sudden said， very slowly， “Did you speak English？” As I soon learnt it， he was English himself！

假如你是李華，你校将举办英语电影配音比赛，你打算参赛，但是不知道该选什么电影。请给你的笔友Peter写封邮件，请他推荐。内容包括：

1﹒说明事由;

2﹒说明比赛要求（主题、时间）;

3﹒表达感谢与期待。

注意：

1﹒词数100左右;

2﹒可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：配音比赛 dubbing contest

How Is English Changed Online？

网络发展如何改变英语？

Online， English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process， the language itself is changing.

英语已经在网络上成为全球范围内的通用语言。在此过程中，英语本身也在不断发生着变化。

When America emerged from the ashes of a bruising war with Britain in 1814， the nation was far from united. Noah Webster thought that a common language would bring people together and help create a new identity that would make the country truly independent of the British.

1814年英美战争结束后，当美国从战后的废墟中发展起来时，它还是一个四分五裂的国家。诺亚·韦伯斯特认为，共同的语言会将人们凝聚在一起，并帮助其获得新的身份，这有助于美国真正地脱离英国而独立。

The American Dictionary of the English Language took 18 years to complete and Webster learned 26 other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70，000 entries.

韦伯斯特花了18年时间写成《美国英语词典》。为了研究词典中的7万个单词的词形变化，他又学习了26种语言。

Websters Dictionary adopted the Americanised spellings familiar today—“er” instead of “re” in “theatre”， dropping the “u” from “colour”， and losing the double “l” from words such as “traveller”. It also documented new words that were uniquely American such as skunk， opossum， hickory， squash and chowder.

《韦氏词典》采用我们现在熟悉的美式拼写——“theatre”中的“re”变为“er”，去掉“colour”中的“u”，把一些单词中的两个“l”，如：“traveller”变为一个“l”。词典中也收录了一些美国独有的新词汇，如：skunk（北美臭鼬）、opossum（负鼠）、hickory（山核桃木）、squash（南瓜小果）和chowder（杂烩羹）。

The Internet is creating a similar language evolution， but at a much faster pace.

互联网为类似的语言演变创造了一个平台，但速度要快得多。

There are now thought to be so many billion web pages worldwide， many of them are written in Chinese. And with over half the population of China now online.

现在在全球范围内有几十亿网页，其中有很多是中文网页。在中国，如今有超时一半的人都是网民。

Still， some linguists predict that English will dominate the Internet—but in forms very different from what we accept and recognize as English today.

不过一些语言学家预测，英语将成为互联网的主导语言，但其形式将和我们今天接受和认可的英语有很大不同。

Thats because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers， particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users dont have to worry about their accent.

这是因为将英语作为第二语言的人数已经超过以英语为母语的人数。而且非英语国家的人相互进行交流时使用英语情况越来越多，尤其是在互联网上，使用者不太注重语法和拼写，也不用担心口音问题。

The increasing prevalence of the Internet in everyday life means that language online is not a zero sum game. Instead， it allows multiple languages to flourish.

互聯网在日常生活中的日益普遍意味着网络语言并非一场零和博弈。相反，它让不同的语言蓬勃发展。