介词和介词短语(二)

2021-01-19 17:20高洁
疯狂英语·初中版 2021年9期
关键词:反义词牛仔裤辨析

高洁

命题趋势

介词是历年各地中考必考的知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等,所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生在具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。

中考考查重点

1.介词辨析:

2.介词短语辨析。

介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。

考向二:表示场所、方向的介词

(1)表示场所的介词: at, in, on, under, by, near, between, among, around,opposite,等等

(2)表示方向的介词: above, over, below, into, out of, along, across, through,up,past,等等

①at, in

at 在某地(表示某一点位置或较小的地方)

at school在学校

atafactory在一家工厂

stand at the door站在门边

at the party在聚会上

at the bottom of在....下面

atthetable在桌旁

at the end of在....末尾

at the crossroads在十字路口

at the station在火车站

at the bus stop在公共汽车站

at home在家

I'll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我将去北京站接他。

1 in在某地(表示空间或范围,也用于指较大的地方)

in Beijing在北京

in the world在世界上

inthehouse在房子里

◆He lives in Shanghai with his wife .他同妻子住在上海。

◆ShewasborninChina.她是在中国出生的。

②on, above, over, under, below

I on在....上面(有接觸面)

on the desk在桌子上面

on the map在地图上

I on在....的地方

on the right在右边

on the floor在地板上

on the screen在屏幕上

on the island/beach在岛上/海滨

on the river在河边

on the pavement在人行道上

on the farm在农场

I above ....上方

Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端飞行。

I over 在...正.上方,是under的反义词

There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。

◆A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。

I under在....面:在...之内

under the table桌子下面

under the jacket在夹克内

The dog is under the table. 这条狗在桌子下面。

Ibelow在...下方(不一定是正下方,正下方是under),below 是above的反义词

There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有很多鱼。

③near, by

[near 近的,不远的,

near=not far,是far的反义词。near 还可以指时间

in the near future在不久的将来

◆Is there a bus stop near here?这附近有公共汽车站吗?

1 by ....旁边,距离比near要近

by the window在窗户旁边

by me在我旁边

?The boy is standing by the window.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。

④between, among, around

between 在两者之间

> My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。

> What' s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?

among在三者或更多的之中

> There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有-一间漂亮的房子。

>Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在学生中很受欢迎。

]around 环绕,....周周...四周

>Wesataroundthetable.我们在桌子四周坐下来。

◆The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。

?in front of, behind, opposite

in front of在..的前面;在..的前部

>Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.房子前有一棵树。

> There is a big desk for the teacher in front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。

1 behind在...后面,behind 是in front of的反义词

>Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一棵树。

opposite在...对面

> Our school is opposite a university.我们学校在一所大学的对面。

>Hestoodoppositeme.他站在我对面。

⑥in, into, out of,叩

in 在....之内,用于表示静止的位置

> The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。

into进入,用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等

◆The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。

◆He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。

out of ....到外面,和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向

> The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。

up 向上移动

The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。

⑦along, across, past, through

along 沿着

> I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起了雨。

across 横过

>Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳横渡这条河。

past 经过

?Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。

1 through 贯穿,通过

> The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。

> The river was through the city. 这条河穿过这座城市。

⑧to, from,for

考向三:介词短语

at once立刻

atlast最后

at first起先,首先

at the age of...在...岁时

at the end of...在....之末

at the beginning of... 在....之初

at the foot of...在.....脚下

at the same time同时

at night/noon在夜里/中午

with one's help在某人的帮助下:由于某人的帮助

with the help of...在....的帮助下

with a smile面带笑容

with one's own eyes亲眼看见

after a while过了一会儿

from now on从现在起

from then on从那时起

for example例如

far away from远离

from morning till night从早到晚

by and by不久

byairmail寄航空郵件

by bike/air/train/bus骑自行车/乘飞机/坐火车/乘汽车

by ordinary mail寄平信

by the way顺便说

bythewindow在窗边

by the end of...到....底为止

练习

( ) 1. —Mom, my knees have gone _________my jeans.

—No kidding! I just bought it for you last week.

A. off

B. on

C. through

D. out

() 2. Kelly is thinking about how these old books can be put________ good use.

A. to

B. in

C. on

D. at

( ) 3. He wrote his phone number _______ a piece of paper.

A. from

B. for

C.in

D. on

( ) 4. Darning can't see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit _______him.

A. next to

B. behind

C. in front of

D. on

( ) 5. Betty kept silent at first, _______ soon she joined the other girls, chatting andlaughing.

A. but

B. so

C.or

D. and

( ) 6. You look quite beautiful _________ this pink dress.

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. for

( ) 7. We are all encouraged to work hard and succeed ________ life.

A. on

B. in

C. out

D. up

【答案详析】

1.C【解析】考查副词。句意:妈妈,我的膝盖穿过牛仔裤了。别开玩笑!我上星期才刚给你买的。off与go构不成短语,排除;go on继续,go out出去,不符合句意,排除;go through“穿过”,根据句意膝盖穿过牛仔裤是指牛仔裤破了,故选C。

2.A【解析】句意:凯莉正在考虑这些旧书怎样被好好利用起来。to到……;in在……里面;on 在……上面;at 在具体地点或时间。put.….to good use 好好利用……。故选A。

3.D【解析】句意:他把电话号码写在一张纸上。考查介词辨析。from从,来自;for为了,给;in在……里;on在……上。“在一张纸上”使用介词on,on a piece ofpaper,选D。

4.C【解析】句意:达宁看不清楚黑板,因为两个高个子男孩坐在他前面。next to紧挨着;behind在……后面;in front of在……的前面;on在……上面。看不清楚黑板的原因是前面坐著两个高个子男孩,故选为C。

5.A【解析】句意:贝蒂起初保持沉默,但不久她就加入了其他女孩的行列,有说有笑。考查连词辨析。but表转折;so表结果;or表选择;and表排列。本句前后是转折关系,根据句意结构,可知选A。

6.A【解析】句意:你穿上这件粉色的裙子,看起来相当漂亮。in在……里;on在……上面;with和……一起;for为了。in+颜色+衣服,表示穿着某种颜色的衣服,故选A。

7.B【解析】句意:我们在生活中都被鼓励努力工作和取得成功。考查介词。on在……上;in在……里;out外面的,在外;up向上,向上的。短语in life在生活中,选B。

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