基于ACAT1/ABCA1信号分子探讨牛奶对 金黄地鼠皮脂分泌的影响

2021-06-21 19:59吴淑辉朱明芳张曦刘娟张杜
湖南中医药大学学报 2021年5期
关键词:牛奶

吴淑辉 朱明芳 张曦 刘娟 张杜

〔摘要〕 目的 探討牛奶对金黄地鼠皮脂分泌的影响及其作用机制。方法 将18只金黄地鼠随机分为空白组、全脂牛奶组、脱脂牛奶组,每组6只。空白组不予任何干预措施,全脂牛奶组予全脂牛奶灌胃,脱脂牛奶组予脱脂牛奶灌胃,2.5 mL/次,2次/d。于干预后第0、7、14、21、28天测量金黄地鼠双侧皮脂腺斑面积及厚度;并采用免疫组化法检测金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑ACAT1/ABCA1信号分子表达水平;采用HE染色观察皮脂腺斑病理组织学变化。结果 各组间皮脂腺斑面积无明显差异(P>0.05);与空白组相比,全脂牛奶组及脱脂牛奶组皮脂斑厚度明显增厚,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与空白组相比,全脂牛奶组ACAT1 OD值明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组间ABCA1 OD值无明显差异(P>0.05)。与空白组相比,全脂牛奶组及脱脂牛奶组金黄地鼠皮脂腺腺体肥大,数量较多,呈分叶状分布,排列紧密。结论 牛奶可能通过ACAT1信号分子调控皮脂脂质分泌。

〔关键词〕 牛奶;金黄地鼠;皮脂腺斑;ACAT1;ABCA1

〔中图分类号〕R275      〔文献标志码〕A       〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.05.007

Effects of Milk on Sebum Secretion in Golden Hamsters Based on ACAT1/ABCA1

Signaling Molecules

WU Shuhui, ZHU Mingfang*, ZHANG Xi, LIU Juan, ZHANG Du

(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China)

〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the effect and possible mechanism of milk on sebaceous gland spot of golden hamsters. Methods 18 golden hamsters were randomly divided into the blank group, whole milk group, skim milk group and control group, with 6 rats in each group. The blank group was not given any intervention measures. The whole milk group was given whole milk by gavage, and the skim milk group was given skim milk by gavage, 2.5 mL/time, twice a day. The area and thickness of bilateral sebaceous glands of golden hamsters were measured at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after intervention. The expression levels of ACAT1/ABCA1 signaling molecules in the sebaceous spots of golden hamsters were detected by immunohistochemistry. The histopathological changes of sebaceous spots were observed by HE staining. Results The sebaceous gland spots sizes in groups didnt show great significance (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the thickness of sebaceous spots in the whole milk group and skim milk group was increased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of ACAT1 in whole milk group was significant higher than that in blank group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no differences in the optical density (OD) of ABCA1 among groups (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, sebaceous gland spot of golden hamsters in the whole milk group and the skim milk group were hypertrophic and more numerous, with lobulated distribution and close arrangement. Conclusion Milk may regulate sebum lipid secretion through ACAT1 signaling molecule.

空白組皮脂腺叶无明显分叶结构,排列较为疏松,厚度较全脂牛奶组及脱脂牛奶组略薄;与空白组相比,全脂牛奶组及脱脂牛奶组皮脂腺腺体肥大,数量较多,呈分叶状分布,排列紧密。见图2。

3 讨论

痤疮发病机制复杂多样,遗传背景下激素诱导的皮脂腺过度分泌脂质、毛囊皮脂腺导管角化异常、痤疮丙酸杆菌等毛囊微生物增殖及炎症和免疫反应等与之相关,其中皮脂腺过度分泌脂质被认为是痤疮发生的前提条件,皮脂过分泌在痤疮中发挥重要作用[14]。本课题组前期对长沙市区内在校青少年乳制品消费与痤疮患病情况开展流行病学调查,结果表明全脂牛奶、低脂牛奶和脱脂牛奶摄入的人群患痤疮的风险均高于不喝牛奶的人群,OR值(95%CI)分别为3.46(1.18-10.11)、3.50(1.18-10.40)和46.28(5.02-427.00)[15],基于此,本课题从皮脂角度进一步探究牛奶在痤疮发病中的作用,以期为痤疮患者提供饮食指导。

在高脂血症或高胆固醇血症条件作用下,游离胆固醇可在内质网通过ACAT1作用被酯化,导致胆固醇酯化,形成泡沫状巨噬细胞[16-18];而上调ABCA1表达则可促进巨噬细胞内胆固醇及磷脂流出,抑制巨噬细胞泡沫化,改善动脉粥样硬化[19-21]。除了动脉粥样硬化,研究[16,22-25]表明,阿尔茨海默病、糖尿病、鞘磷脂沉积病等多种脂质代谢紊乱疾病与ACTA1/ABCA1信号分子功能失调密切相关。近年研究表明,脂质代谢紊乱参与诱导痤疮发生发展,Melnik等[26-27]更提出痤疮是一种发生于毛囊皮脂腺的代谢综合征。Zhou M等[28]检测了59名婴儿痤疮患者皮脂成分及含量,结果表明,相比正常对照组,痤疮患儿表面脂质成分明显改变,脂肪酰基、甘油磷脂、鞘磷脂、甾醇脂质、糖脂类明显上升,孕烯醇酮脂类则明显下降;并重点检测了甘油三酯、甘油二酯、神经酰胺类脂质游离脂肪酸、磷脂质,发现患儿表面皮脂甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸含量明显上升,甘油二酯含量与甘油三酯含量成比例关系,磷脂质平均链长明显减低导致患儿皮肤屏障功能下降。Zhou M等[29]研究表明,在青少年痤疮患者皮脂中甘油磷脂、不饱和游离脂肪酸、甾醇类脂质含量明显上升,孕烯醇酮脂类、糖脂类含量明显下降,甘油脂类、鞘磷脂含量相比对照组无明显改变。以上研究表明皮脂代谢紊乱在痤疮发生发展中发挥重要作用,基于此,本研究从皮脂代谢紊乱角度进一步探究牛奶在痤疮中的作用。

本研究发现与空白组相比,全脂牛奶组及脱脂牛奶组皮脂腺斑厚度明显增厚(P<0.05),然而各组皮脂腺斑面积无明显差异,不排除由于测量误差及喂养时间较短等因素造成影响。与空白组相比,全脂牛奶组ACTA1表达上调(P<0.05),这表明牛奶可能通过上调ACAT1表达影响皮脂胆固醇代谢,进而诱导皮脂脂质代谢紊乱,加重痤疮发生,然而各组间ABCA1表达无明显差异,不排除由于实验动物数量较少及喂养时间较短等各方面原因造成的假阴性,仍需进一步实验验证;同时本研究采用金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑面积大小作为其皮脂分泌改变指标,方法简便直观,然尚欠缺一定精准性,故本实验存在一定局限性,仍有待进一步实验证实。

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