金喜来
“最爱说的话呀永远是中国话,字正腔圆落地有声说话最算话。
最爱写的字是先生教的方块字,横平竖直堂堂正正做人也像它。”
这是《中国娃》歌词中反复吟唱的句子。中国汉字自古以来讲究字正腔圆、发音清晰。然而,英语并非如此。正如我们看英文电影一样,“老外”总是含含糊糊,一带而过。尤其是在美音中,它甚至会将两个或者以上的单词全部连起来读了,感觉就像是第一个单词没有读完,下一个紧跟着已经读出来了,或者是将某个单词的某个辅音直接给省略掉了。这就是英语当中的连读和略读。
为了练成中国人的“国际肌肉”,今天鄙人主要归纳一下英语当中的略读。
略读
爆破音和爆破音相邻,第一个爆破音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,称为失爆;爆破音和其他辅音相邻,该爆破音不完全爆破。英语语音中的失爆和不完全爆破现象,我们简称为“略读”。略读是英语语音学习的重点,也是一个难点,掌握好略读,也就掌握了地道英语发音的制胜法宝!
注意:略读时并不是把整个音丢掉,而是发音时点到为止,有口型不发音或轻微发音。
重要学术名词--爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
爆破音+爆破音=失去爆破
Tips:
六个爆破音中任意两个相遇,一个爆破音后紧跟着另一个爆破音时,前面一个音点到为止,形成阻碍,但不发生爆破;第二个音完全爆破;若第二个爆破音在词尾,则必须轻化。
以一个爆破音结尾并以同一个爆破音开始时,只发一次音,前一个音只做好发音准备而不发音,直接发第二个音。
单词内失爆:
active=a(c)tive [k]+[t] Students are encouraged to be active in class.
2. blackboard=blac(k)board [k]+[b] Our class has a large blackboard.
3. dictation=di(k)tation [k]+[t] We'll have dictation today.
4. football=foo(t)ball [t]+[b] There is going to be a football match tonight. Shall we watch it together?
5. goodbye=goo(d)bye [d]+[b] She waved me goodbye.
句子内失爆:
以上列举的失爆和不完全爆破现象,都发生在单词内,实际上,在一个句子或者词组中,相邻的两个单词出现失爆和不完全爆破现象的几率要大于出现在单词内。
1. Stop talking!=Sto(p)-talking!
I don't care.=I don'(t) -care.
I had a bad cold.=I had a ba(d)-cold.
爆破音[t]和[d]+鼻辅音[m]和[n]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟鼻辅音[m]和[n],[t]和[d]形成阻碍,在词末必须通过鼻腔爆破;发音时,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,稍放开立刻贴回,从爆破音到鼻音舌位不变,让气流通过鼻腔冲出,在词中则不完全爆破。
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]在词末
1. Britain [tn]Britain is made up of England, Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.
2. certain [tn]They are certain to agree.
3. frighten [tn]The high prices frighten off many customers.
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]在詞中
1. admire=a(d)mire [d]=[m] I really admire your enthusiasm.
2. admit=a(d)mit [d]+[m]She admits to being strict with her children.
3. goodness=goo(d)ness [d]+[n]Thank goodness!
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]在句中
1. Good morning!=Goo(d)-morning!
2. Let me take a look.=Le(t)-me take a look.
3. I don't know what to say.=I don'(t)-know what to say.
爆破音[t]和[d]+舌边音[l]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟舌边音[l],则必须由舌两边爆破,这种情况多发生在词尾。爆破音爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟清晰舌边[l],则为不完全爆破。
[t]和[d]+[l]在词末
battle [t]+[l] Any soldiers were killed in the battle.
2. gentle [t]+[l] His soap is very gentle on the hands.
3. little [t]+[l] I'm a little tired.
4. settle [t]+[l] The company has agreed to settle out of court.
5. title [t]+[l] Give your name and title。
[t]和[d]+[l]在词中
heartless=hear(t)less [t]+[l]The decision does seem a little heartless.
2. lately=la(te)ly [t]+[l]Have you seen him lately?
3. badly=ba(d)ly [d]+[l]Things have been going badly.
4. needless=nee(d)less [d]+[l]Banning somking would save needless deaths.
[t]和[d]+[l]在句中
Good luck!=Goo(d)-luck!
以上只是英语发音当中微乎其微的一小部分。要想真正练成国际肌肉,能够含含糊糊发出地道英语,需要我们反复练习,认真揣摩,才能真正达到炉火纯情的地步!