词汇短语园地（5）

2021-07-29 23:01

时代英语·高二 2021年4期

关键词：启程调节少数民族

1. minority n. 少数民族，少数群体;少数，少数派，

少数人

The school is 95 percent minority.

这所学校里95%的学生来自少数族裔。

For a minority， the decision was a disappointment.

这个决定令少数人失望。

辨析：比较minority和majority

两者互为反义词，minority意思是“少数人;少数民族”，而majority意思是“大多数，大部分”。

On the last point， he realized， he was a minority of one.

在上一点上，他意识到自己是孤掌难鸣的少数派。

The majority of people interviewed prefer computer to TV.

大多数接受采访的人都喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。

2. native adj. 出生地的，儿时居住地的;土生土长的，

本地的，当地的

n. 出生于某国（或某地）的人;本地人，当地人

It is a long time since he visited his native Poland.

他很久没回过他的家乡波兰了。

These fish are native to North America.

这些鱼原产于北美。

After all， Carlo is a native of Nevada， and he knows his way around.

毕竟卡罗是土生土长的内华达州人。他对那一带很熟悉。

You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.

游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。

3. run v. 控制，管理，经营;跑，奔跑;（使）运转，

运行;操作

Stop trying to run my life for me.

别老想操纵我的生活。

He has no idea how to run a business.

他丝毫不懂企业管理。

Our van runs on diesel.

我们的货车用的是柴油。

Could you run the engine for a moment？

你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？

（1） run across sb/sth 偶然遇见/看到（某人/某物）

（2） run after 追求;追逐，追赶

（3） run away （from sb/sth）突然离开，逃离

（4） run out 用完，耗尽;过期，失效

4. custom n. 风俗，传统，习俗;个人习惯，习性，

惯常行为

It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.

女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。

As was his custom， he knocked three times.

他敲了三下，这是他的习惯。

辨析：比较custom，habit和tradition

三者都有“习惯”的意思，其中custom指一个国家、民族、社会的行为方式或风俗习惯;habit则侧重于自然养成的、不易改掉的个人习惯;而tradition侧重世代相传的理论、行为规范和生活方式。

Social customs are greatly different from country to country.

国与国之间的社会风俗大不相同。

You need to change your eating habits.

你得改變你的饮食习惯。

They broke with tradition and got married quietly.

他们打破传统，毫不声张地结了婚。

customer n. 顾客，主顾，客户

customs n.（政府部门）海关;关税，进口税

5. foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的;出丑;显得尴尬

You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.

你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。

Hes afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.

他怕在朋友面前出丑。

fool n. 蠢人，傻瓜

v. 欺骗，愚弄;说蠢话，干傻事（常为逗乐）

foolishly adv. 愚蠢地，傻地

foolishness n. 愚蠢

6. firm adj. 牢固的，稳固的;坚固的，坚硬的，结实的;

坚定的，确定的，坚决的;严格的

adv. 坚信，坚持

v. 使强壮，使坚固，使坚实

n. 商行，商号，公司

Stand the fish tank on a firm base.

把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。

These peaches are still firm.

这些桃子还很硬。

We have no firm evidence to support the case.

我们没有确凿的证据支持这个案件。

She held firm to her principles.

她坚持自己的原则。

This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.

这个产品据称能在六周内使你身体强壮。

She works for an electronics firm.

她在一家电子公司工作。

7. fasten v.（使两部分）系牢，缚紧，扎牢，结牢，扣紧;

（使）关紧，盖好

（1） fasten （sth）（up）把……系牢/扣紧

Fasten your seat belts， please.

请系好安全带。

He fastened up his coat and hurried out.

他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。

（2） fasten A to B 把A和B系在一起

There were no instructions on how to fasten the carrying strap to the box.

沒有如何把背带系在箱子上的说明。

（1） fasten ones attention on sth 集中注意力于某事上

（2） fasten ones eyes on sb/sth 注视着（盯着）某人/某物

8. fold v. 折叠，对折（纸、织物等）;折小，叠平;包，裹

n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分;褶痕;褶缝

搭配：

fold sth up （back/down/over...）把……折叠/对折起来

He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.

他把地图折叠起来，然后放进了口袋。

The blankets had been folded down.

毛毯已折叠起来。

（1） fold sb in ones arms 拥抱/搂住某人

（2） fold ones arms 双臂交叉在胸前

（3） fold ones hands 十指交叉;双手合拢

9. adjust v. 适应，使适应，习惯;调整，调节

搭配：

（1） adjust to sth/doing sth 适应某事/做某事

It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.

她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。

（2） adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应某事

Youll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

你将很快适应学生生活。

（3） adjust sth （to sth）调整;调节

Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

adjustment n. 调整，调节;（思想等）调整，适应

adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的

10. in use 在使用

From 1900， electric discharge lamps were in use in Europe and the USA.

从1900年以来，欧洲和美国都在使用放电灯。

The conference room is already in use.

会议室已在使用中。

use n. 用，使用，得到利用;用途，功能，用法

（1） be of use 有用的

（2） make use of sth 利用某物

（3） put sth to use 把某物投入使用

（4） be no use doing sth 做某事没有用

（5） out of use 不再被使用

use v. 使用，利用，运用

（1） be/get used to sth/doing sth 习惯了某事/做某事

（2） be used to do sth 被用来做某事

（3） used to be 过去的样子或状态

（4） used to do sth 過去常常做某事

11. in the distance 在远处

The noise of the car died away in the distance.

汽车的声音消失在远方。

Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.

他们黯然地看着英国的海岸在远处消失。

（1） at a distance 稍远一点;离一段距离

（2） at a distance of 以……距离

12. set off 出发，动身，启程

set off =set out，都意为“出发，动身，启程”。

We set off for London just after ten.

刚过十点，我们就动身去伦敦了。

He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey.

他辞别了妻子便启程了。

（1） set about sth/doing sth 开始做/着手做某事

（2） set aside 留出，拨出;不顾，不理会

（3） set down 记下，写下，登记

（4） set up 竖立，建造;建立，创立

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

In a major medical breakthrough， Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the worlds first 3D vascularized （有血管的） engineered heart using a patients own cells and biological materials. Their findings were published on April IS in a study in Advanced Science.

“This is the first time that anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prof Tal Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering， who led the research for the study. “This heart is made from human cells and patient-specific biological materials. In our process， these materials serve as the bioinks， something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models，” Prof Dvir says. “People managed to 3D print the structure of a heart in the past， but not with cells or with blood vessels （血管）. Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”

According to Prof Dvir， the use of “native” patient-specific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.

The researchers are now planning on culturing （培养） the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them to behave” like hearts， Prof Dvir says. They then plan to transplant （移植） the 3D-printed heart in animal models.

“We need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes. “The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can currently contract， but we need them to work together. Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our methods efficacy and usefulness. Maybe， in ten years， there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world， and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”

1. What does Prof Dvir think of an early 3D-printed heart？

A. It was highly practical. B. It was too expensive.

C. It was personalized. D. It was too simple.

2. What do we know about the latest 3D-printed heart？

A. It can be cultured in the lab.

B. It has been used in hospitals.

C. It can match a patient perfectly.

D. It has been transplanted in animals.

3. What is Prof Dvirs attitude to the development of the

printed heart？

A. Doubtful. B. Positive.

C. Unsupportive. D. Cautious.

4. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To doubt the medical value of a new invention.

B. To explain the basic principle of 3D technology.

C. To introduce a breakthrough of medical research.

D. To prove the effectiveness of the new technology.

I grew up in a middle-class household in Australia， in terms of safety and standard of living. A comfortable lifestyle is all I ever knew， and as a result， I was oblivious （未察觉） to just how lucky I was.

It was a Monday， and a teacher told us about an overseas mission trip to Cambodia. I had never been overseas before， and I knew absolutely nothing about Cambodia， but something inside of me knew I needed to go on this trip.

I spent the next few months working on $7.25 hourly wage at an awful fast food chain， saving every penny I earned. Just days before the trip was set to depart， I managed to hit my target.

I will never forget the moment I nervously stepped off the plane in Cambodia. I vividly recall the sight of malnourished （營养不良的） children begging for money tearing at my heart. I saw what true poverty looked like as we went to hand food packages out at a massive garbage dump in the city， home to thousands of families， many of whom were forced to seek for food among the rubbish.

On the following days， I played with children who， despite living in harsh conditions， were overflowing with joy and happiness. I met families who， despite having nothing， were some of the kindest people Id ever encountered. For the first time， my eyes were opened to the reality that happiness is not defined by money. People here were rich in relationships and community， and shared with each other the little that they had.

Through the trip， I began to see the value of learning from people of other races， cultures and religions. I finally saw that there was a much bigger world outside of my little bubble， and experienced first-hand the beauty of human diversity.

5. How did the author react when hearing about the overseas

mission trip？

A. She hesitated in the first place.

B. She considered it a little bit risky.

C. She imagined a lot about Cambodia.

D. She really looked forward to taking it.

6. How did the author feel when she saw the children at first？

A. Upset. B. Scared.

C. Moved. D. Inspired.

7. What did the author think of the locals after getting along

with them？

A. They considered wealth very important.

B. They struggled very hard to become rich.

C. They were poor but had their simple pleasures.

D. They were really bad at building relationships.

8. What was the biggest benefit the author got from the trip？

A. She learned to be independent.

B. She got some work experience.

C. She made friends with some locals.

D. She learned about the outside world.

跟蹤导练（二）

阅读七选五

Change is scary. 1 The truth is that youre so much more courageous than you give yourself credit for and far stronger than you realize. Here are some ways that you can use to help yourself make the process of creating change more manageable.

Make change into small bite size pieces. 2 Remember that as long as you attempt to take regular practice towards your goal， such as eating more healthily every day， or walking twenty minutes a day， youre heading in the right direction to make changes.

Form a habit of keeping a diary every day. Writing a journal every night before going to bed can effectively help you cope with the emotional impact of the change process. 3

Rest is necessary to success. Have a rest and take time out to build your energy. 4 As we dont have the energy to keep going， we have to give up！

5 Just accept it！ This has nothing to do with whether they love you or not. They are just for self-preservation！ Therefore， give them a little time to adjust and get used to it.

A. Its a step into the unknown.

B. Its not being lazy to take a break.

C. No one else is going to like your changes.

D. Dont try to eat the elephant in one sitting.

E. Creating change is about building your character.

F. Keep repeating your big steps over and over again.

G. Its a private place where you can speak out the thoughts deep down inside of you.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

完形填空

My kids and I would be spending the Thanksgiving Day without their father. He had1several months before. The two older kids were2with the flu. I had only about $2.5 to3until the end of the month.

Then I heard the phone ring. It was the4from the church. She said they had something to give us. So I dropped by the church on my way to the5 .

The church secretary met me at the door and6me a special envelope. I opened the envelope and found two grocery certificates （雜货购物券） inside. Each was worth $20.

“Thank you very much，” I said， and as we7each other， I cried.

Then I went to a store and bought some8things and had a little over $14 groceries. As I handed the cashier one of the gift certificates， she took it， but turned her back for what seemed like a very9time. I thought something might be wrong.

“This certificate is a real blessing，” I explained. “Our church gave it to my family， knowing Im a10parent trying to make ends meet.”

The cashier turned11and replied， “Honey， do you have a turkey？”

“No.”

“Anything else for Thanksgiving dinner？”

“No. But its okay，” I replied.

Handing me the12 ， she said， “I cant tell you exactly

why now， but please go back into the store and buy a turkey， or anything else you13for Thanksgiving dinner.”

“Are you14 ？” I asked.

“Yes！ Get whatever you want.”

I felt15as I went back to do some more shopping， but I chose a fresh turkey， a few potatoes， and some juices for the children. Then I16the shopping cart up to the same cashier.

“Now I can tell you，” she said， with17in her kind eyes. “This morning！ I18to help someone today， and you walked through my line！”

She reached under the counter for her19 ， took out a $20 bill and paid for my groceries.

“Im glad I could20 ，” she said. “Here is my phone number if you ever need anything. God bless you， honey.”

1. A. returned B. left C. arrived D. disappeared

2. A. satisfied B. sad C. sick D. disappointed

3. A. last B. hold C. earn D. save

4. A. cashier B. boss C. mother D. secretary

5. A. farm B. market C. bank D. hospital

6. A. made B. bought C. wrote D. handed

7. A. admitted B. hugged C. called D. thanked

8. A. delicious B. cheap C. common D. necessary

9. A. long B. quiet C. boring D. easy

10. A. strict B. kind C. single D. busy

11. A. down B. out C. up D. around

12. A. turkey B. juice C. change D. envelope

13. A. need B. cook C. prepare D. afford

14. A. joking B. mad C. sure D. alright

15. A. excited B. amused C. delighted D. awkward

16. A. drove B. wheeled C. lifted D. raised

17. A. tears B. happiness C. joy D. upset

18. A. tried B. expected C. asked D. offered

19. A. pocket B. case C. drawer D. purse

20. A. help B. know C. see D. manage

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

Fansida Dine

Our menu consists of classic European dishes made from the freshest ingredients with great care paid to every little detail. That is why our dishes can be considered as food art that impresses both vision and taste. Located at Fansida Building， it is near Aljunied MRT. Come and join us here at Fansida Dine for a true blue European fine dining experience like no other.

Pillars Restaurant

Pillars is equipped with a good team with vast experience in catering. Creativity is what our team of chefs are equipped with to create surprises for customers. Our traditional dishes have also received good and positive comments from our group of customers. With a strong and organized team， we deliver timely and quality services to customers at all times. You say it; we do it.

Char-Grill Bar

Char-Grill Bar has won “Asias No.1 Brand Western Cuisine （西餐） Bar”. With its large central kitchen as a support， Char-Grill Bars long term goal is to sincerely invite those who wish to own their business in western cuisine （菜肴） to join the chain and set up a shop to progress and grow together.

Irelands Potato

Originating from Taiwan， China， Irelands Potato was inspired by the Irishs passion for potatoes. As theres an Irish saying， “There are two things in the world that cannot be joked about： 1 is Marriage， 2 is Potato.” Irelands Potato firmly supports this belief to serve customers.

1. Why are the dishes in Fansida Dine considered as food art？

A. They have special food design.

B. They are made at Fansida Building.

C. They have many different traditional tastes.

D. They are made from the freshest ingredients with great care.

2. What can be your best choice if you are hungry at 1：00 am？

A. Char-Grill Bar. B. Pillars Restaurant.

C. Fansida Dine. D. Irelands Potato.

3. Who will pay special attention to Char-Grill Bar？

A. One who wants to become a cook.

B. One who lives near Aljunied MRT.

C. One who likes eating potatoes very much.

D. One who wants to have a western cuisine bar.

4. What can we learn about Irelands Potato？

A. It is run by an Irish.

B. It is famous in Ireland.

C. It originated from Ireland.

D. It has a strict working principle.

I can proudly say that last year I broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller coaster. Im 105， but I feel younger. Even the doctor agrees Im in good condition. Im a bit deaf and my legs feel weak， but they are the only issue.

I rode the Twistosaurus at Flamingo Land， which spins

（旋轉） you round quite fast. I didnt choose to go on that. Id have preferred a really fast one that went upside down. But I was told I couldnt ride something like that， because it would affect my blood pressure and I might have some danger.

I wasnt nervous—I dont get frightened of anything. I was securely fastened， so I knew I wouldnt fall out. The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes， and it couldnt be a better experience. And I raised a lot of money for the Derbyshire， Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance fund， which was fantastic.

People were saying Id got a place in the Guinness World Records. Later， someone came to present me with the certificate. I had it on the wall in my living room， with another one I got a year earlier.

My record-breaking ways really began a couple of years ago， with the ice bucket challenge. It turned out that I was probably the oldest person in the world to do it， and the video was very popular. After that， I started to think about what else I could do to raise money for different charities.

Im not sure if anyone admires all the fun Im having. They just say Im daft and thats about it. But Ive had many good days and many exciting times. Ive had a really good life. I dont think Ive wasted any of it.

5. Why didnt the author choose to go on riding the Twistosaurus？

A. He was told not to do so.

B. He considered it too gentle.

C. He thought it spun too fast.

D. He was in a bad physical condition.

6. How did the author most probably react while riding the roller coaster？

A. He really enjoyed himself.

B. He was very worried at first.

C. He couldnt think much about it.

D. He got frightened as it started moving.

7. What can you learn about the author from Paragraph 4？

A. He was eager to get certificates.

B. He disliked showing off his success.

C. He was the oldest person in the world.

D. He set a record the year before last year.

8. What word can best describe the author？

A. Easy-going B. Optimistic.

C. Generous. D. Intelligent.

跟蹤导练（四）

完形填空

There was a very rich village landowner in India who was very generous. Everybody1him. Once he decided that for three days he would2things， including money， only to the3 . People were happy to receive rice， vegetables， money and other kinds of things.

One poor man got a very heavy sack （麻布袋） of rice. Since he was such a poor man， he was very4with it. But when he emptied the sack， to his great5 ， he found twenty gold coins inside the rice. His greedy wife was6 .

The husband said， “The landowner didnt intend to give me these gold coins. This must be a7 . I should return these coins.” The wife said8 ， “You are a fool！ We are so poor. This is the time to take the gold to the9and exchange it for lots of money.” The husband10to do what his wife suggested. Then they11about the gold for hours. Of course， the husband12because it was he who had brought the rice home.

The following day， he went13to the rich mans house and said， “You were so14to give all of us so many things. I have found these twenty gold coins put in the rice sack by mistake. Now I have come to15them to you. Though I am only a beggar， I can16accept this kind of gift if it was a mistake.” The rich man was so17by his sincerity and decided to give the poor man twice the amount. He said， “You brought me twenty gold coins and now you are getting forty. You are such an honest man. I am going to18an honest man as my housekeeper. Will you come and have a19 ？”

As expected， the rich man finally found his20house-keeper—the poor but honest man.

1. A. pleased B. admired C. envied D. appreciated

2. A. give away B. get back C. throw away D. put back

3. A. sick B. young C. poor D. old

4. A. patient B. familiar C. honest D. satisfied

5. A. excitement B. surprise C. disappointment D. joy

6. A. frightened B. delighted C. crazy D. cautious

7. A. test B. mistake C. joke D. trick

8. A. eagerly B. patiently C. foolishly D. angrily

9. A. office B. street C. village D. market

10. A. managed B. hoped C. refused D. agreed

11. A. discussed B. thought C. talked D. quarrelled

12. A. finished B. won C. changed D. failed

13. A. back B. away C. around D. down

14. A. wealthy B. optimistic C. kind D. careless

15. A. return B. send C. pass D. offer

16. A. hardly B. never C. seldom D. nearly

17. A. scared B. shocked C. attracted D. moved

18. A. treat B. train C. employ D. help

19. A. job B. break C. drink D. try

20. A. strict B. wise C. special D. faithful

語法填空

In China， the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7，000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty， bamboo was being used in ancient peoples daily lives. It was used for food， clothing， housing， transportation，1（music） instruments and even weapons.

The2（apply） of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC， Li Bing， in Sichuan，3（lead） the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs， the first irrigation network in the world， in which bamboo played an important role. The worlds oldest water pipe4（make） of bamboo， too. During the Han Dynasty， the people in Sichuan5（successful） sank a 100-mete?r-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe6the 19th century， and it was by using the technology7the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture， bamboo is well-known8one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men， bamboo is a symbol of goodness and9（honest）. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when10（face） tough situations.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改錯

This afternoon， I went home by bus as usual. I was listening music when I suddenly noticed the bus stop that I should get off. Then I hurried off a bus. But when I arrived home， I find that my wallet was gone—some money and several important card were in it. Eager to get the wallet back， so I rushed to the bus company for help. Lucky， at the Lost and Found office， I saw my wallet. I felt so exciting that I wanted to thank the person who had turned them in. However， I was told the man hadnt left his name. How a great man！

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

I was asked by a reader recently why so many animals seem to have pink ears， when their bodies are all different colors？ The truth is that most animals actually dont have pink ears. Let us explain.

Near the equator， where the climate is hot， animals are likely to have darker skin， including on their ears. Think of the African elephant， which has quite dark ears. In colder climates， skin color is usually lighter and often pink.

Why is skin color different in different climates？ Skin pigmentation， which is what gives skin its color， can protect against sunburn and skin cancer. When animals live in colder parts of the world， they dont need it as much to survive. Light-colored skin also helps animals stay warmer because it reduces heat loss， which is useful if youre in a colder climate.

For most animals， the color of their fur or other body covering has generally developed as camouflage. That allows animals to mix into the background and avoid being eaten， or for predators （捕食者） to remain hidden during hunting. One example is the sandy-colored coat of the desert fennec fox， which uses camouflage for both hunting and hiding.

By the way， in many animals， ears come in many different shapes and sizes. For example， in bats， the serval （a type of African wildcat） and the fennec fox， the ears are large compared to their body size—this helps them hear better because it allows them to sense more sound waves. Naked mole-rats have tiny ears because they need to dig a lot. Big ears would get in the way. The other downside of big ears is that you can lose a lot of body heat. Thats why animals that live in really cold places， like the Arctic fox， have quite small ears.

1. Who is the author most likely to be？

A. A teacher. B. A librarian.

C. A zoo worker. D. A science writer.

2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A. Sunlight. B. Camouflage.

C. Skin pigmentation. D. Light-colored skin.

3. Which animal uses its skin color to protect itself from being eaten？

A. The Arctic fox. B. The naked mole-rat.

C. The African wildcat. D. The desert fennec fox.

4. What do we know about animals living in cold places？

A. They usually have small light-colored ears.

B. They know ways to store body heat.

C. They need big ears to keep warm.

D. They usually have good hearing.

閱读七选五

Moving abroad can be a challenging experience. You leave your family， friends and everything you know behind. You enter a new culture where the customs and sometimes the languages are different. 1 Its a time to discover new things， make new friends and begin a new adventure.

So what are the best ways to involve yourself in the new culture while living abroad？

Live with a native speaker.

2 First， you have a friend！ Living alone can be a lonely experience， especially if youre far from home. As for me， Ive had the opportunity to meet my housemates friends and socialize （交往） with them. 3 In addition， you have someone to tell you about the cultural customs and interesting places in the area.

The thought of making friends and mixing with the local people may seem scary at first but its worth it. You can meet other people in the area by joining a club， attending an evening class or participating in a language exchange with people that are interested in learning your native language.

Try the local food.

The food in France is amazing and discovering new food is a fun experience. 5 My knowledge of different bread and cheese types has grown greatly.

A. But its also exciting.

B. Socialize with the local people.

C. I recently volunteer to help the homeless.

D. Ive tried things that Ive never tried before.

E. You can also speak the local language every day.

F. I can improve my French speaking and understanding.

G. There are many advantages of living with a native speaker.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

跟踪导练（六）

阅读理解

According to historical documents， the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty， “Maoniu Yi” in the Jin Dynasty and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty.

Between the early 10th century and the middle of the 13th century， production in the Lijiang area experienced marked changes， as agriculture replaced livestock （家畜） breeding as the main occupation of the people. Scores of agricultural， handicraft， mineral and livestock products were turned out， and the country presented a picture of prosperity. During that period， a number of slave-owning groups in Ninglang， Lijiang and Weixi counties gradually grew into a feudal manorial lord caste （世袭封建庄园领主制）.

In 1278， the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture （自治州）， representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. This resulted in closer links between the Lijiang area and the center of the empire.

In the early Ming Dynasty， the leader of the Naxi people， named Mude， was made chief of Lijiang Prefecture， exercising control over the Naxi and other ethnic groups nearby. Throughout the Ming Dynasty， the chiefs from the Mu family kept taxes and tribute （貢品） flowing to the Ming court in the form of silver and grain. The Ming， in turn， relied on the Mu family as the mainstay for the control of the people of various ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan Province.

Later， with the development of the productive forces， buying， selling and renting of land began to take place in the Naxi areas， marking the beginning of a landlord economy.

1. What was probably the main occupation in the 13th century in Lijiang？

A. Livestock breeding. B. Agriculture.

C. Fishing. D. Forestry.

2. When was Lijiang Prefecture set up？

A. In the Tang Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty.

C. In the Yuan Dynasty. D. In the Ming Dynasty.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？

A. The good relationship between Mu Family and the Ming.

B. Yunnan Provinces economy in Ming Dynasty.

C. The achievements of Naxi peoples leader.

D. The Ming courts financial situation.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. The Mu Family

B. The Rulers of Naxi

C. The History of Lijiang Prefecture

D. The History of the Naxi Ethnic Group

书面表达

假定你是学生会主席李华，为了更好地保护和传承少数民族文化，学校将成立少数民族文化传承与保护志愿者协会，现将招募志愿者。请你就此写一则通知，内容包括：

1﹒成立志愿者协会的原因;

2﹒入会者条件;

3﹒志愿者协会活动安排。

注意：

1﹒词数100左右;

2﹒可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3﹒通知的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：宣传 publicize;重要性 significance

Notice

Teachers and students，

___________________________________________________

Looking forward to your joining.

The Students Union