选择性必修1第1单元重点词语归纳

钟佳佳

1. commit vt. 承诺;保证 vi. 忠于;全心全意投入（工作、活动等）

【经典例句】

Most crimes are committed by young men. 多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。

I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working on Sundays. 我建议大家慎重考虑一下答应周日工作的问题。

Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. 双方承诺和平解决争端。

【思维拓展】

commit v. 犯（罪或错等）;承诺;保证;commit sb. / sth. to sb. 将某人/某事交给某人;commit sb. / oneself to sth. / doing sth. 承诺（做）某事;commit sth. to （doing） sth. 投入

【派生词】

commitment n. 承诺;交托;信奉;committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的;committee n. 委员会

2. acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）;（公开）感谢

【经典例句】

Do you acknowledge that youve been wrong？ 你承不承认你错了？

He is acknowledged as one of the greatest pianists. 他被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一。

We wish to acknowledge the support of the university. 我们希望对这所大学所提供的支持表示感谢。

I was standing right next to him， but he didnt even acknowledge me. 我就站在他边上，可他连个招呼都不跟我打。

【思维拓展】

acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事;Its universally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的;acknowledge sb. / sth. to be / as...承认某人/某物是……;认为……是……;acknowledge sb. with sth. 以……感谢某人

【派生词】

acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢

3. defeat vt. 击败;战胜n. 失败;挫败

【经典例句】

The Brazil national football team suffered a defeat in the World Cup. 巴西国家足球队在世界杯上被击败了。

Our team was narrowly defeated in the final. 我们队在决赛中惜败。

Dont let your arms relax as that would defeat the purpose of the exercise. 不要放松手臂，那樣会达不到锻炼的目的。

【易混辨析】

defeat， beat与win

defeat意为击败，强调过程和结果，宾语是对手;beat意为打败;（连续）击打，宾语是对手;win意为赢得;获胜，宾语是game或prize等。

4. insist vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求

【经典例句】

He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说自己是对的。

Tu Yoyo and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的队友们甚至坚持在自己身上试验这种药，以确保它是安全的。

He insisted that the problem （should） be discussed at the meeting. 他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。

【思维拓展】

insist on sth. 坚决要求某事;坚持说某事;insist on / upon doing sth. 坚持要做某事;insist on / upon ones doing sth. 坚持要求某人做某事

【温馨提示】

insist表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that从句用虚拟语气：insist that... （should） do sth.;而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时，that从句用陈述语气。

5. conclusion n. 结论;推论

【经典例句】

Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for this job. 我断定他不适合做这项工作。

New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong. 根据新的证据可能会推断我们是错的。

When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion， his teacher invited the rest of the class to congratulate him. 当他圆满地结束演讲时，他的老师邀请班上其他同学祝贺他。

【思维拓展】

make a conclusion下结论;come to / draw / arrive at / reach a / the conclusion得出结论;in conclusion（=to conclude） 最后;总之（常作插入语）

【派生词】

conclude vt. & vi. 结束;推断出;conclude from从……推断出/断定;conclude sth. with /by以……结束/终止;conclude... （to be）... 断定……（是）……

6. pay attention to注意

【经典例句】

Please pay attention to what I am saying. 请注意听我讲的话。

Newspapers should pay less attention to media celebrities and more attention to our national heroes. 报纸应该少关注媒体名人，多关注我们的民族英雄。

More attention will be paid to wildlife protection. 野生生物保护将得到更多的关注。

【思维拓展】

give / pay attention to+n. / doing... 注意……;catch / attract ones attention 引起某人的注意;draw / call ones attention to sth. 使某人注意某事（物）;fix ones attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中在某事（物）上

7. other than除……以外

【经典例句】

He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan. 除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。

I have not studied foreign languages other than English. 除了英语外，我没学过其他外语。

We are going away in June but other than that Ill be here all summer. 我们六月份外出，除此之外，我整个夏天都会在这里。

【思维拓展】

rather than意为“而不是，而没有”，侧重客观上的差别，还可以表示“与其……，倒不如……”，前后两端所连接的词性是一致的，侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中rather than前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语，甚至分句等，有时可用介词短语instead of替代。

【易混辨析】

other than， except， except for， except that， apart from与besides / in addition to

other than相當于except，意为“除了……以外”，除去的部分不在整体之内;except for “除了……以外”，从细节方面对整体进行修正，除去的部分与整体一般不是同一类事物;except that“除了……以外（都）”。that 引导从句，有时可省略;apart from相当于besides 和 in addition to，它还可表示“除了……以外”，用于所言不包括的人或事物前，相当于except;besides / in addition to 除了……以外（还有），除去的部分包含在整体之内。

8. manage to do设法做成;努力完成

【经典例句】

How did you manage to steer by that difficult question？ 你是怎样成功回避了那个棘手的问题的？

We managed to fulfill the task ahead of time. 我们成功地提前完成了任务。

We finally managed to get there in time. 最后我们及时赶到了。

【思维拓展】

manage to 设法做（成功做到了）某事=succeed in doing sth;manage sth. 经营/管理……; manage it 能做到;manage sb. 设法对付某人;attempt to do尝试做某事

【易混辨析】

manage to do与try to do

manage to do指设法做成（完成）某事，含有成功之义，相当于succeed in doing sth.;try to do 指争取做成某事，但不一定成功。例如：

He worked hard and managed to pass the exam. 他努力学习并顺利通过了考试。

He tried to pass the exam， but failed because of laziness. 他试图想通过考试，但是由于懒惰而最终失败了。

9. sum up总结;概括

【经典例句】

To sum up， for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. 总之，想要心脏健康，你必须经常运动并戒烟。

His speech summed up the present situation of politics. 他的演讲概括了目前的政治局势。

She quickly summed up the situation and took control. 她很快就判断出是怎么回事，并控制住了局面。

【思维拓展】

in sum总而言之;do / work / make sums / a sum计算;做算术题

10. put forward提出;拨快;将……提前;推荐

【经典例句】

Who put forward a theory about black holes？ 誰提出了黑洞理论？

We have put forward the ceremony by one week. 我们已把典礼提前了一周。

I had no idea who put him forward for this position. 我不知道是谁推荐他任这个职位。

【思维拓展】

put up with忍受;put aside搁置;不理睬;储蓄;put away把……收起来;储蓄;put off  推迟;延期;put through使经受;接通（电话）;put out熄灭;出版;生产;put back将……放回原处;推迟;put up举起;张贴;建造;为……提供住宿;推荐;提出

【巩固训练】

根据括号内汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. How did you ____ ____ （设法） persuade him as he was such a stubborn man.

2. They  ____ ____ ____ ____ （坚持被告知） the details of the accident.

3. The new measures ____ ____ ____ ____ （还没有被提出） to protect the endangered animals in this area.

4. The President __  _ _  __ ____ （承诺要） reforming health care when he came to power.

5. Their team ____ ____ ____ （惜败） in the first round of the playoffs.

6. Much attention should ____ ____ ____ （注意） the air pollution in the downtown.

7. I havent learned any musical instrument ____ ____ （除了） the guitar.

8. ____ ____ ____ ____ （是大家公认的） he is the best football player in the world.

9. We can safely ____ ____ ____ （得出一些结论） from our discussion.

10. ____ ____ ____ （概括地说）， you will make great progress as long as you devote yourself to learning English.