基于软件分析的汽车内部安全结构的吸能及轻量化设计

管开源　王军　白鑫　李涛　陈栋

摘 要：随着我国汽车保有量不断上升，汽车的安全和节能性越来越受到人们重视，可吸收车辆碰撞能量并有效减轻车身质量的帽型结构便成为研究的热点，车身上许多结构是典型的帽形薄壁结构，承载着较多的轴向载荷，例如前纵梁，电动汽车电池包箱体等。根据研究表明，薄壁角区域增加加固材料能够有效提高薄壁的吸能能力，所以其薄壁吸能特性及轻量化设计已然成为关注的焦点。在传统的针对薄壁结构的吸能和轻量化设计中基本上都是根据相应的工况使用CAE仿真模拟实际情况，获得模拟仿真时的实验数据进而进行结构的优化设计，涉及的过程耗时费力。我们针对这方面问题，基于MATLAB与C#混合编程，应用带有精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法设计了一款能够迅速且高精度地完成薄壁轻量化设计和吸能计算双目标优化的软件，实现了多线程结构多目标优化求解、最优解分布图绘制、结构设计参数输出等功能，提供了让设计人员精准迅速研究单帽结构压溃变形情况的平台。

关键词：遗传算法 MATLAB 压溃吸能 多目标优化 轻量化 软件分析

Energy Absorption and Lightweight Design of Automobile Internal Safety Structure based on Software Analysis

Guan Kaiyuan Wang Jun Bai Xin Li Tao Chen Dong

Abstract：With the continuous increase in the number of automobiles in China， people pay more and more attention to the safety and energy saving of automobiles. The hat-shaped structure that can absorb vehicle collision energy and effectively reduce the body mass has become a research hotspot. Many structures on the body are typical hat-shaped thin-walled structure carrying more axial loads， such as front rails， electric vehicle battery pack boxes， etc. According to research， adding reinforcement materials in the corner area of ??the thin wall can effectively improve the energy absorption capacity of the thin wall， so its thin-wall energy absorption characteristics and lightweight design have become the focus of attention. In the traditional energy absorption and lightweight design for thin-walled structures， CAE simulation is basically used to simulate the actual situation according to the corresponding working conditions， and the experimental data during the simulation is obtained to optimize the design of the structure. The process involved is time-consuming and laborious. In response to this problem， based on MATLAB and C# mixed programming， the article designed a software that can quickly and accurately complete the thin-wall lightweight design and energy-absorbing calculation dual-objective optimization software based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy. It realizes the functions of multi-threaded structure multi-objective optimization solution， optimal solution distribution map drawing， structural design parameter output and other functions， providing a platform for designers to accurately and quickly study the collapse and deformation of single-hat structures.

Key words：genetic algorithm， MATLAB， crushing energy absorption， multi-objective optimization， lightweight， software analysis