慕尼黑：古老又现代

文／飞扬 图／李丹

慕尼黑依山傍水，景色秀丽。Munich is situated beside a river at the foot of a mountain,and surrounded by beautiful scenery.

慕尼黑是德国巴伐利亚州的首府。这个仅次于柏林和汉堡的德国第三大城市，有着古老又现代的独特魅力。慕尼黑位于德国南部阿尔卑斯山北麓的伊萨尔河畔，不仅依山傍水、景色秀丽，而且是德国的经济、文化、科技和交通中心之一，同时又保留着原巴伐利亚王国都城的古朴风情，因此被人们称作“百万人的村庄”。

了解慕尼黑，首先从它的历史开始。慕尼黑地区最早的居民点可以追溯到罗马帝国时期。早在8世纪时，这个地方出现了一个本笃会修道院，因此慕尼黑在德语中有“僧侣之地”的含义。慕尼黑长期是当地的政治、经济和文化中心。早在拿破仑横扫欧洲时期，慕尼黑就已经成为巴伐利亚王国的艺术重镇；1825年，继承王位的路德维希一世，更是竭尽全力把慕尼黑打造成为一个文化艺术之都；1871年德国统一后，这里曾经作为德国首都直到1918年。

这个德国历史文化积淀和承载之地，拥有德国历史最悠久的慕尼黑大学、欧洲最大的出版业中心、3000多家画廊、50多座博物馆、4座歌剧院、3个世界顶尖交响乐团和数不胜数的图书馆，是全球艺术家向往的艺术殿堂和精神家园。装饰华丽的巴伐利亚国家歌剧院，100年前就上演过瓦格纳的多部名剧，可容纳2100人的观众席，如今依然一票难求。老城的玛利亚广场，汇集了慕尼黑的精华，被称为“城市客厅”，是慕尼黑千年历史文化的荟萃之地。这里及附近集中了圣母柱、新老市政厅、老王宫、教堂、歌剧院、音乐厅广场等重要地标性建筑。

慕尼黑被人们熟知的，还有久负盛名的啤酒节。啤酒节在每年的十月举行，是慕尼黑甚至德国的一张名片。其中最令人印象深刻的就是大木桶装的啤酒，乐队轻松愉快地演奏着音乐，穿着巴伐利亚裙、提起裙边、端起酒杯的女孩跟随音符快乐地舞蹈旋转……

在慕尼黑的大街上，活跃着许多街头艺术家。On the streets of Munich,there are many street artists.

慕尼黑奥林匹克电视塔是当地的标志性建筑，站在塔顶可以俯瞰整个市区。The Munich Olympic TV Tower is a local landmark.Standing on the top of the tower can overlooking the entire city.

当地人穿着巴伐利亚传统服饰去参加重大庆典活动。A local wears traditional Bavarian clothing to a major celebration.

慕尼黑所在的巴伐利亚州，还是山东的“好友”。1985年，时任巴伐利亚州州长的施特劳斯率大型经贸代表团访问山东，掀开了两省州友好交往的序幕。1987年，两省州在慕尼黑正式签署关于建立友好关系的《共同宣言》，翻开了全面友好交流合作的新篇章。如今，这一对友好省州高层互访频繁，人员交流活跃，不仅合作项目众多，合作成果斐然，也表明了鲁巴人民之间的友谊长存。

新天鹅堡建于1869年，是迪士尼城堡的原型，也是德国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。The Neuschwanstein Castle,built in 1869,is the prototype of the Disney Castle,and one of the most popular tourist attractions in Germany.

Munich,located by the Isar River,at the northern foot of the Alps in southern Germany,is not only situated beside a river at the foot of a mountain and surrounded by beautiful scenery,but also o n e o f G e r m a n y’s e c o n o m i c,cultural,sci-tech and transport centers.Moreover,it retains the primitive simplicity of the former capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria.Thus,it is known as a “Village of a Million Citizens”.

As a city with a major place in German history and culture,Munich is home to Germany’s oldest university,Europe’s largest publishing center,more than 3,000 galleries,more than 50 museums,four opera houses,three world’s top symphony orchestras and numerous libraries.It is a glamorous art palace and spiritual home for artists around the world.

The Munich Oktoberfest held every October is an image icon of Munich and even Germany.One of the most impressive items involved is beer in big casks,with the addition of bands playing their music merrily,girls wearing dirndls,holding beer mugs,lifting their hemlines,dancing happily to the notes...

Bavaria,where Munich is located,is a “friend” of Shandong.In 1985,Strauss,then-governor of Bavaria,led a large econom-ic and trade delegation to visit Shandong,opening the prelude of friendly exchanges between Shandong and Bavaria.In 1987,Shandong and Bavaria officially signed theon establishing friendly relations in Munich,opening a new chapter of friendly exchanges and cooperation in all respects.Now,this pair of sister provinces/ states maintain frequent high-level reciprocal visits,and active personnel exchanges,with numerous cooperation projects and fruitful cooperation results.This also shows the enduring friendship between the people of Shandong and Bavaria.