中欧班列 助力四川外贸大发展

雷怡安

超9500亿！海关数据显示：2021年四川货物贸易进出口总值9513.6亿元，规模位列全国第8，较上年同比增长17.6%，四川外贸总值再创历史新高。

亮眼的数据背后，中欧班列的功劳当仁不让。自2013年的1206.7亿元增至现在2455亿元，四川外贸进出口总值跟随着“一带一路”建设的步伐不断上升，伴着中欧班列长鸣的汽笛声高质量发展。

班列让国际交往越走越近

2022年1月26日，中白地方合作年暨中国四川——白俄罗斯戈梅利州企业经贸洽谈会在成都如约举行。四川省与戈梅利州已建立友好省州，此次会议通过挖掘白俄罗斯潜在机遇，促进四川与白俄罗斯更进一步开展经贸交流合作。

截至2021年，四川与白俄罗斯进出口贸易总额已达2.5亿美元。“中欧班列的运行和青白江白俄罗斯国家馆的设立，将进一步为白俄罗斯与四川省之间的经贸合作注入积极动力！”白俄罗斯驻重庆总领事德米特里热情洋溢的发言，昭示着两个城市经贸合作的光明前景。

农业是白俄罗斯的主导产业，每年有2/3的肉制品和奶制品出口。以往白俄罗斯主要通过海路运输出口中国的农产品，海运运费低但运输时间长。为保证产品新鲜度，白方选择通过中欧班列扩大肉制品出口。2020年3月23日，累计近百吨重的冷冻鸡翅自白俄罗斯途经哈萨克斯坦到中国阿拉山口，再到成都国际铁路港清关，先期运抵成都，全程运输时间仅14天。此外，后期陆续有30个货柜，累计2600万元人民币的冷冻肉制品采用同样的方式运输抵蓉。

国际间的经贸往来不止于此。

2019年10月，成都与荷兰蒂尔堡市正式签署两市建立友好合作关系的备忘录，同月，满载着来自荷兰、法国、西班牙等地的红酒、奶粉、汽车整车等货品的中欧班列（成都）缓缓驶入了成都国际铁路港。

2021年12月25日，一列载有松木等货物的中欧班列（成都）从俄罗斯西伯利亚伊尔库茨克车站发出驶往成都。这是全球首次使用国际铁路联运运单作为国际信用证约定单据、控货权凭证，并采取人民币结算的中欧班列，标志着全国首单基于铁路国际联运运单的货物贸易国际信用证结算试点启动。

截至2021年，成都中欧班列境外站点增至67个。成都国际铁路班列在欧洲线路网络上进一步拓展，为拓宽欧洲市场、拓展贸易通道提供了有力支撑。

班列让城市“国际生意”越做越大

虎年伊始，一批栩栩如生的仿真恐龙乘坐中欧班列，从成都国际铁路港综合保税区出发，远赴欧洲。距离虽远，但却仅需几天时间就可抵达。

中国占到全球仿真恐龙生产量的80%，欧洲市场仿真恐龙中有一半来自恐龙之乡自贡。一直以来，其出口依赖于海运，疫情暴发以来，仿真恐龙的出口逐步从海运转移到铁路运输。作为本土的一家供应链公司，成都长九供应链管理有限公司凭借多年成熟的物流和外贸业务经验，成为港区负责仿真恐龙出口的公司之一。

“想要走出国门，就要符合出口的要求。”公司总经理刘本艳介绍，在走上国际舞台之前，海关的工作人员要按照查验指令给仿真恐龙做“全身检查”，不漏过每一个细节，确保每一项都符合出口要求。

伴随着中欧班列线路的延伸，公司也得到了长足发展。2018年8月，成都长九供应链管理有限公司入驻港区。3年多来，公司规模不断发展壮大，员工从几个人发展到现在的近50人，外贸进出口总额从4000万元增长到如今的13亿元。

越来越红火的中欧班列带火了一个又一个生意。

2021年7月22日，成都中欧班列市场采购贸易专列从成都国际铁路港出发，由新疆霍尔果斯出境，10余天后抵达波兰马拉舍维奇，随即分拨发往德国、匈牙利等欧洲国家。

此次专列载着来自位于隆昌的中国西南国际轻纺城的50个集装箱，包括家纺、服装、日用百货等快消品，采用 “市场采购贸易方式”申报出口，总货值约4000万元，是四川省首个成都以外的市州通过中欧班列开展的市场采购贸易出口的专列。

在过去，受个体商户不具备外贸资质和外贸能力、出口利润低、出口难等诸多因素的影响，“出口梦”似乎离隆昌有点儿远。

而随着市场采购贸易方式的开通以及成都中欧班列带来的贸易便利化，隆昌贸易的春天也到来了。隆昌市轻纺加工业协会负责人难掩兴奋之情：“现在将产品在市场采购模式下通过成都中欧班列出口，是按大类简化报关，且出口商品增值税免征不退，加上运输效率的保障，大幅降低了出口产品成本和门槛，对隆昌來说是件大好事啊！”

好事大事接踵而来。2022年1月25日9时30分，中欧班列（泸州号）首列正式发车，泸州和杜伊斯堡分别是这趟货运火车的始发地和目的地。鸣笛后，这趟满载着来自包括泸州在内的川渝多地以及上海、南京等地的货物专列缓缓驶出泸州港进港铁路专用线。泸州成为四川首个开通国际陆运、国际水运双通道的城市。

“中欧班列（泸州号）开通以后，我们在同客户议价时，多了地域和价格优势。”泸州市驰腾科技有限公司总监圣艳望着远去的专列格外激动，“可供客户选择的运输方式更多样了，也便于客户综合考虑运输时间和成本。”受益的出口型公司在泸州还有很多，中欧班列（泸州号）开通后，让越来越多的企业尝到了出口贸易的红利。

政策“组合拳”助力大发展

随着中欧班列越开越远、越开越密，四川外贸市场呈现一片欣欣向荣的景象。“一带一路”高质量发展和RCEP生效实施正在不断拓展着外贸企业的市场空间，同时，财税金融、疏通国际航运物流、支持外贸新业态、新模式发展等政策组合拳则为外贸企业纾困解难。

2020年4月，中国商务部印发《进一步发挥中欧班列作用应对新冠肺炎疫情做好稳外贸稳外资促消费工作的通知》，提出11条具体举措和工作要求。其中一条举措特别引人注目：利用中欧班列支持外贸新业态新模式发展，鼓励中欧班列运营企业充分发挥自身优势，与有意愿的跨境电商企业开展商业合作。在具备条件的综合保税区内，集成质量检测、保税仓储、理货分拨、拣货打包和拼箱服务。

“以前隆昌大部分商家是以內贸为主，现在有了成都到欧洲的市场采购专列以后，许多商户发现了新商机。推行市场采购贸易，还为广大中小微企业搭建起共享式商贸流通、供需对接的外贸新平台，有效激发了那些‘不敢不懂不会’做外贸的中小微企业活力，打开了小商品走向国际的大门。”四川省商务厅电商处相关负责人表示，市场采购贸易方式具有低门槛、便利化通关、免征增值税等优势，通过这一方式出口，可以让更多市场商户便捷地参与国际贸易，快速走向国际市场。

在“组合拳”中，金融支持的作用也非常重要。

2021年8月25日，成都国际铁路班列有限公司订舱客户四川欧鹭供应链管理有限公司收到66万元“运费贷款”。这是成都国际班列公司和建行四川分行联合开发的创新融资产品——“中欧班列运费贷”在四川发放的首笔贷款。

作为长期稳定的订舱客户，2021年1至7月，欧鹭公司共向成都国际班列公司订舱发运中欧班列231柜。此笔“运费贷款”资金定向支付给成都国际班列公司，作为欧鹭公司9月计划发运的运费使用。

欧鹭公司总经理段天豪表示，“中欧班列运费贷”让行业内“信用消费”成为可能，切实解决了企业面临的资金压力。

铁龙飞驰！“十四五”期间，作为“一带一路”合作的重要标志，中欧班列必将助力四川外贸量稳质优大发展！

Over 950 billion yuan！ Customs data show that the total value of Sichuan’s foreign trade hit a new record high. In 2021， Sichuan’s total import and export value of trade in goods was 951.36 billion yuan， ranked 8th in the country， an increase of 17.6% year on year.

This bright achievement is inseparable from the contribution of the China-Europe Railway Express. From 120.67 billion yuan in 2013 to 245.5 billion yuan now， Sichuan’s total value of foreign trade keeps high-quality development with the progress of the Belt and Road construction and increasing departures of China-European freight trains.

China-Europe Railway Express continuously enhances international exchange

On January 26， 2022， the China-Belarus Local Cooperation Year and China （Sichuan）-Belarus Gomel Region Business and Trade Fair was held in Chengdu as scheduled. Sichuan Province and Gomel Region have established sister-province relations. The conference promoted further economic and trade exchanges and cooperation between Sichuan and Belarus by exploring potential opportunities in Belarus.

As of 2021， the Sichuan-Belarus trade reached USD 250 million. “The operation of the China-Europe Railway Express and the establishment of the Belarusian National Pavilion in Qingbaijiang will further inject positive momentum into the economic and trade cooperation between Belarus and Sichuan Province！” Dmitry Emelyanov， Consul General of Belarus in Chongqing， said enthusiastically and indicated the bright future of economic and trade cooperation between Chengdu and Gomel.

Belarus has agriculture as its leading industry and exports 2/3 of its meat and dairy products every year. In the past， Belarus mainly transported agricultural products to China by sea， with low shipping costs but long transportation time. To ensure the freshness of meat products， Belarus keeps expanding export through China-Europe Railway Express. On March 23， 2020， a total of nearly 100t of frozen chicken wings were transported from Belarus to Chengdu. The transportation took only 14 days via Kazakhstan to Alashankou， and then to Chengdu International Railway Port for customs clearance. After that， a total of 30 containers of frozen meat products worth 26 million yuan have been transported to Chengdu in the same way.

Beyond this， Chengdu carried out more international economic and trade exchanges.

As early as October 2019， Chengdu officially signed a memorandum of understanding with the Dutch city of Tilburg to establish friendly cooperation. In the same month， a China-European （Chengdu） freight train loaded with goods such as wine， milk powder， and automobiles from the Netherlands， France， and Spain slowly drew into Chengdu International Railway Port.

On December 25， 2021， a China-European （Chengdu） freight train carrying pine wood and other goods departed from Irkutsk station in Siberia， Russia to Chengdu. This is the first China-European Railway Express in the world to use the international railroad intermodal waybill as the agreement document of international letter of credit， and the cargo control document， and to take the RMB settlement， marking the start of China’s pilot international letter of credit settlement of trade in goods based on the international railroad intermodal waybill.

As of 2021， the number of overseas stations of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu） has increased to 67. China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu） continues to expand its European route network， which provides strong support to broaden the European market and open up trade channels.

China-Europe Railway Express expands international business

At the beginning of the Year of the Tiger， a group of lifelike dinosaur toys was transported from the Chengdu International Railway Port Comprehensive Bonded Zone to Europe via China-Europe Railway Express. In this way， it takes only a few days to finish the long journey.

China contributes 80% production of the global dinosaur toys. Half of the dinosaur toys in the European market come from Zigong， the hometown of dinosaurs. Exports of dinosaur toys have always depended on ocean shipping. Since the COVID-19 outbreak， export transport has shifted from ocean shipping to rail transportation. As a Chengdu-based supply chain company with years of logistics and foreign trade business experience， Changjiu Supply Chain Management Co.， Ltd. has become one of the companies responsible for the export of dinosaur simulation in the port area.

“Exports shall meet the export requirements，” said the general manager Liu Benyan， adding that customs inspectors should follow the inspection instructions to thoroughly check the exported dinosaur toys. They would not miss every detail to ensure that every item of exports meets the export requirements.

The company has also developed considerably along with the route extension of the China-European Railway Express. In August 2018， Chengdu Changjiu Supply Chain Management Co.， Ltd. set up an office in the port area. Over the past three years， the company has grown in size， with the number of employees increasing from a few to nearly 50， and the total foreign trade turnover growing from 40 million yuan to 1.3 billion yuan.

The increasingly prosperous China-Europe Railway Express has driven one business after another.

On July 22， 2021， the China-European Railway Express （Chengdu Market） procurement trade train departed from Chengdu International Railway Port and left the country in Horgos， Xinjiang. 10 days later， it arrived in Malaszewicze， Poland， and was then distributed to Germany， Hungary， and other European countries.

This special train is loaded with 50 containers from Southwest China International Textile City in Longchang， which contains FMCG products including home textiles， garments， and daily necessities. The goods are declared for export using the “market procurement trade mode”， with a total value of about 40 million yuan. This is the first time that a city in Sichuan other than Chengdu has opened a special export train of China-Europe Railway Express for market procurement trade.

Due to many factors such as individual merchants’ incapability of foreign trade qualification and foreign trade ability， low export profit， and difficult export， the “export dream” seemed to be a bit far from Longchang.

With the opening of the market procurement trade and the trade facilitation brought by the China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu）， trade in Longchang began to flourish. According to an exciting person in charge of the Longchang Textile Processing Industry Association， “Products exported through China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu） under the market procurement mode adopt simplified customs declaration according to major categories. And no VAT and no tax refund， coupled with the guarantee of transportation efficiency， the cost and standard of export products reduce significantly， which is a good thing for Longchang！”

Good things come in battalions. At 9：30 on January 25， 2022， the first train of the China-Europe Railway Express （Luzhou） pulled out of Luzhou and was bound for Duisburg. After honking， the special train loaded with goods from Luzhou， many regions in Sichuan and Chongqing， as well as Shanghai and Nanjing， slowly left the inbound railroad line of Luzhou port. Luzhou has become the first city in Sichuan to open international land and water transportation channels.

“After opening China-Europe Railway Express （Luzhou）， we increase our geographical and price advantages in bargaining with clients，” Sheng Yan， a director of Luzhou Chiteng Technology Co.， Ltd.， looked at the departed train and said excitedly， “Clients have more choices of transportation methods， and it is also easy for them to consider the transportation time and cost in a comprehensive manner.” Many other export-oriented companies in Luzhou have benefited from the opening of the China-Europe Railway Express （Luzhou）， which has allowed more and more companies to taste the gains of export trade.

Policies boost great development

With the expansion of lines and the increase of trains of China-Europe Railway Express， Sichuan’s foreign trade market is thriving. The high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative and the implementation of RCEP are constantly expanding the market space of foreign trade enterprises. At the same time， financial taxation， unblocking international shipping logistics， support for developing new business forms and models of foreign trade， and other supporting policies help foreign trade companies to relieve difficulties.

In April 2020， the Ministry of Commerce issued the Notice of Further Playing the Role of China-Europe Trains in Responding to the New Coronary Pneumonia Outbreak and Doing a Good Job in Stabilizing Foreign Trade， Stabilizing Foreign Investment， and Promoting Consumption， and put forward 11 specific measures and requirements. One measure stands out. We need to use the China-Europe Railway Express to support the development of new business forms and new models of foreign trade， and encourage the operators of the China-Europe Railway Express to give full play to their advantages and carry out business cooperation with willing cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Comprehensive bonded areas with the conditions need to integrate quality testing， bonded warehousing， sorting and distribution， picking and packing， and LCL （less than container load） services.

“Most of the merchants in Longchang used to mainly focus on domestic trade. With the market procurement train from Chengdu to Europe， many merchants have found new business opportunities. The implementation of market procurement trade also builds a new foreign trade platform for medium， small and micro-sized enterprises to share trade circulation and match supply and demand， effectively stimulating the vitality of medium， small and micro-sized enterprises incapable of foreign trade， and opening the export door of small commodities，” said a person in charge of the E-commerce Division of Sichuan Provincial Department of Commerce， adding that the market procurement trade mode has the advantages of low threshold， facilitated customs clearance and VAT exemption， which allows more market merchants to participate in international trade conveniently and go global quickly.

In the series of policies， financial support also plays a very important role.

On August 25， 2021， Sichuan Olu Supply Chain Management Co.， Ltd. （Olu Company）， a client of Chengdu International Railway Service Co.， Ltd. （Chengdu International Railway Company）， received a freight loan of 660，000 yuan. This is Sichuan’s first “China-Europe Railway Express freight loan”， an innovative financing product jointly developed by Chengdu International Railway Company and Construction Bank Sichuan Branch.

As a long-term and stable client， Olu Company has booked and shipped 231 containers of China-Europe Railway Express from Chengdu International Railway Company from January to July 2021. The above “freight loan” is a directed payment to Chengdu International Railway Company as freight for Olu Company’s planned shipments in September.

According to Olu Company’s general manager Duan Tianhao， “China-Europe Railway Express freight loan enables credit-based consumption， which effectively solves the financial pressure of companies.”

Like an iron dragon， China-Europe Railway Express is speeding！ During the 14th Five-Year Plan period， as an important symbol of the Belt and Road cooperation， the China-Europe Railway Express will help Sichuan’s foreign trade to develop in a stable and quality way！