广椭牛齿兰,中国兰科一新记录种

2023-04-11 03:22张中扬陈枳衡宋希强李大程张哲周康
热带亚热带植物学报 2023年2期
关键词:唇瓣兰科基部

张中扬, 陈枳衡, 宋希强, 李大程, 张哲, 周康

广椭牛齿兰,中国兰科一新记录种

张中扬, 陈枳衡, 宋希强*, 李大程, 张哲, 周康

(热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南大学林学院,海口 570228)

报道了在海南热带雨林国家公园内发现的兰科牛齿兰属中国一新记录种:广椭牛齿兰[(Schltr.) J.J.Sm. ex Mansf.]。该种原分布于马来半岛、苏门答腊岛、爪哇岛、婆罗洲、苏拉威西岛, 在形态上与国内记录的4种牛齿兰属植物均有较大差别,如茎中部具分枝、叶广椭圆形、单个花序仅着生1朵花、且唇瓣扭转具粉紫色斑块等特征。对产自海南的该种形态和生境进行了详细描述,并提供高清解剖照片。凭证标本保存于海南大学林学院教学标本馆(HUFB)。

兰科;牛齿兰属;广椭牛齿兰;海南热带雨林国家公园;新记录

兰科(Orchidaceae)牛齿兰属(Bl.)由C. L. Blume于1825年确立[1]。全世界约有150种[2],广泛分布于中国东南部、东喜马拉雅、中南半岛、马来半岛和南洋群岛[3],以印度尼西亚与新几内亚岛最为多见[4]。中国原记录牛齿兰属植物4种[5–6]:(1) 牛齿兰(Bl.),国内主要分布于广东、广西、香港、海南[6];(2) 小花牛齿兰(Guillaumin),国内主要分布于海南[7];(3) 长叶牛齿兰[(Ames) Schlechter]国内主要分布于台湾兰屿[8]; (4) 台湾牛齿兰(Blume),国内主要分布于台湾[8]。

调查发现海南五指山、陵水、保亭均有一未记录的牛齿兰属植物分布,其叶片呈薄革质的广椭圆形、单个花序仅着生一朵花、且唇瓣扭转具粉紫色斑块。该种形态上与我国原记录的4种均有较大差异,经图片比对、描述查证、解剖佐证后确定其为中国新记录种[9]。该种因其叶片呈广椭圆形,故在中国植物园联盟数据库中被登记的中文正式名为广椭牛齿兰[10]。根据全球生物多样性信息服务网络平台(GBIF, Global Biodiversity Information Facility)显示该种原记录分布于马来半岛、苏门答腊岛、爪哇岛、婆罗洲、苏拉威西岛[11]。本文将详细介绍其形态学特征并提供高清细节解剖照,同时分析其分布特征及保护现状,并编制最新的中国牛齿兰属植物检索表。

广椭牛齿兰 新拟图1

(Schltr.) J.J.Sm. ex Mansf., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 74: 3 (1934).

Type:Indonesia, Sumatra, Naturalis BiodiversityCentre, formerly Leiden University (L), L0052517.

附生草本。茎丛生,斜出或下垂,中部时有分枝,长30~60 cm,粗1~2 mm,幼嫩至成熟时包藏与叶鞘之中,成熟后多裸露,节间长4~6 mm。叶二列互生,与茎呈45°斜交,卵状椭圆形,薄革质,长1.5~2 cm,宽4~8 mm,先端浑圆并为2浅裂,具细尖,基部具圆筒状鞘;鞘宿存,抱茎。花序多侧生,偶有顶生,单个花序仅着生一朵花;花苞片卵状披针形,长1~1.5 mm,反卷;子房圆柱形,扭转,无毛,连花梗长6~10 mm;花很小,主体为白色;中萼片近三角形,长与宽近相等,约2 mm, 先端具小锐尖;侧萼片斜三角形长2~3 mm,宽1.5~ 3 mm,着生于蕊柱足上,与唇瓣基部共同形成萼囊;花瓣卵状椭圆形,长约1.5 mm,宽约1 mm,先端具小锐尖;唇瓣矩圆形,长3~4 mm,宽1~1.5 mm,末端向外反折,呈三角形,具粉紫色斑块,基部凹陷成囊状,中部向内缢缩,从中部至末端向左扭转,从中部至基部间具有一枚肥厚的马蹄形附属物,边缘稍向内弯;蕊柱较短,具明显的蕊柱足,连蕊柱足共长2.5~3 mm;药窝下周具粉紫色晕圈,与同为粉紫色药帽共同组成极具识别特征的图案,药帽心形,长1~1.5 mm;花粉团6个,成2群,蜡质, 水滴形,黏盘粉紫色;蒴果椭圆形,长4~5 mm, 直径约1.5~2 mm。花期7—11月,果期8月至翌年1月。

图1广椭牛齿兰。A: 药帽; B: 花粉团; C: 中萼片; D: 花瓣; E: 蕊柱与蕊柱足; F: 侧萼片; G: 唇瓣; H: 果荚; I: 单株; J: 生境。

Fig. 1. A: Operculum; B: Pollinaria; C: Dorsal sepal; D: Petal; E: Column and column foot; F: Lateral sepal; G: Labellum; H: Seed pod; I: Plant; J: Habitat.

引证标本:海南省陵水黎族自治县,2021年7月17日,海拔763 m,陈枳衡2021717-CZH (海南大学林学院教学标本馆HUFB)

分布与生境:该种原记录分布于马来半岛、苏门答腊岛、爪哇岛、婆罗洲、苏拉威西岛,在最新的针对海南岛的兰科植物专项调查中发现其在海南岛的4个分布点,且都集中于海南岛东南部的五指山市、陵水黎族自治县、保亭黎族苗族自治县。该种多附生于郁闭度大于70%的林下岩石或树干上,偶有记录附生于河谷边的小乔木上,海拔600~900 m。

保护状况:资料显示该种在东南亚多个岛屿上有分布,且在马来西亚被描述为并不罕见[12],本次调查的4个分布点种群规模都相对稳定。该种生长依赖稳定的林分环境,且对水分需求较高,易受到环境变化的影响。综合东南亚和海南岛种群情况,根据世界自然保护联盟(IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature)的评价标准[13],认为评估为易危等级(vulnerable, VU)符合实际。

中国牛齿兰属()分类检索表

1. 叶披针状长圆形,长达5 cm,先端渐尖;唇瓣附属物上有毛···················································· 长叶牛齿兰

1. 叶长圆形至狭卵状椭圆形,长1~4 cm,先端钝或近浑圆;唇瓣附属物上无毛······················································· 2

2. 唇瓣上部有1枚肥厚的、褶片状的附属物,近基部又有另1个附属物············································ 牛齿兰

2. 唇瓣上部无附属物,仅在中部至基部有1个附属物························································································· 3

3. 唇瓣在近基部上方具1个微凹而圆的附属物台湾牛齿兰·········································································

3. 唇瓣中部至基部之间具1枚半圆形或马蹄形的肥厚附属物················································································ 4

4. 总状花序具4~5朵或更多花,唇瓣不扭转,药帽近白色····················································· 小花牛齿兰

4. 单花,唇瓣向左扭转,药帽粉紫色····················································································· 广椭牛齿兰

[1] Blume C L. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië [M]. Batavia: Ter Lands Drukkerij, 1825: 297–304.

[2] Teoh E S. Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A-E) [M]. Cham: Springer, 2021: 53–54.

[3] Bhaumik M, Deori C. Rediscovery ofBl. (Orchidaceae) from Meghalaya, India [J]. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon, 2010, 17(2): 199–202. doi: 10.3329/bjpt.v17i2.6700Bangladesh.

[4] Wibowo A R U, Juswara L S. A new species ofsection pododesme (Orchidaceae) from Indonesia [J]. Reinwardtia, 2017, 16(2): 65–72. doi: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v16i2.3156.

[5] Chen X Q, LIU Z j , Zhu G H, et al. Flora of China, Vol. 25 [M]. Beijing: Science Press & St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2009: 363–364.

[6] Delectis Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Agendae Academiae Sinicae Editta. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Tomus 19 [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1999: 57–60. [中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志, 第19卷 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 57–60.]

[7] JIN X H, Li J W, Ye D P. Atlas of Native Orchids in China [M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 2019: 1000–1003. [金效华, 李剑武, 叶德平. 中国野生兰科植物原色图鉴 [M]. 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 2019: 1000–1003.]

[8] ZHONG S W. Orchids of Taiwan Vol. 1 [M]. Taipei: Forestry Bureau, COA, Executive Yuan, 2008: 24–26. [钟诗文. 台湾野生兰(上册) [M]. 台北: 行政院农委业林务局, 2008: 24–26.]

[9] Fedde F. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veroffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen. Beihefte. [M]. Berlin: 1934: 3–4.

[10] Chinese Union of Botanical Gardens.[DB/OL]. [2022-02-21]. [中国植物园联盟. 广椭牛齿兰 [DB/OL]. [2022-02- 21]. https://image.cubg.cn/.]

[11] Global Biodiversity Information Facility.[DB/OL]. [2022-2-21]. https://www.gbif.org/species/5325171.

[12] Seidenfaden G, Wood J J, Holttum R E. The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore [M]. Fredensborg: Olsen & Olsen. 1992: 324–326.

[13] Commission I S S. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 [M]. UK: Gland & Cambridge: IUCN, 2012: 32.

(Orchidaceae), a Newly Recorded Species in China

ZHANG Zhongyang, CHEN Zhiheng, SONG Xiqiang*, Li Dacheng, ZHANG Zhe, ZHOU Kang

(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University,Haikou 570228, China)

(Schltr.) J.J.Sm. ex Mansf, found in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, was reported as a newly recorded species of Orchidaceae in China. It is originally distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. It is different from four species ofrecorded in China by morphology of branches in middle of stem, broad ovate leaf blades, single inflorescence bears only one flower and twisted lips with pink-purple markings. The detailed morphological and habitat description, and high- definition anatomy photograph of the newly recorded species are provided. Voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of College of Forestry, Hainan University (HUFB).

Orchidaceae;;; National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest; New record

10.11926/jtsb.4595

2021-12-16

2022-02-24

国家林业和草原局兰科植物资源专项调查项目(2020070708)资助

This work was supported by the Project for Orchidaceae Plant Resources Special Investigation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration (Grant No. 2020070708).

张中扬,男,硕士研究生,从事植物分类学研究。E-mail: martlet112@163.com

通讯作者Corresponding author.E-mail:songstrong@hainanu.edu.cn

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