妙用呼应关系 巧解完形填空

林旭鹏

本文的“呼应关系”指选择项即备选词与完形填空的上下文的相互呼应，这种呼应使得文章上下文语句内容通顺，情节合理，行文连贯等。妙用这种呼应关系，可以快速地选择正确答案填空，准确地还原文章的本来面目。

笔者在课堂教学中，妙用下面几种呼应关系，在解答完形填空方面取得很好的教学效果。这里以2023年高考真题为例，谈谈这些呼应关系的妙用。

（一）词义复现呼应

词义复现呼应是上下文的某个词或短语与备选词互相呼应，这个词或短语可能是备选词的同义词、近义词或反义词的复现，也可能与备选词是语义关联的复现。因此这个词或短语是选备选词的依据。

1.（2023年新课标Ⅱ卷）When I met Tiffys owners， they seemed very 27 . George， the husband， was trying to be calm， but …．

27. A. confusedB. nervousC. annoyedD. curious

析：下句calm与备选词nervous是反义呼应，选B项。

2.（2023年全国乙卷）The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world ， helping her skyrocket from an 34 member of the national team to the top of the sport.

34 . A. amateurB. electedC. averageD. enthusiastic

析：the top of the sport的top（最优秀的），与average（平凡的），能彼此呼应，选average。

3.（2023年全国甲卷）But when we looked at the tomatoes， we were worried because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice， round， 27 things you get in a supermarket.

27. A. simpleB. realC. shinyD. fun

析：misshapen（外表畸形的）表明下半句描述西红柿的形状，故选shiny（光亮的），词义反义呼应。

（二）备选词与句子部分内容呼应

根据上下文某个句子的某部分意思去选择备选词，使得备选词能符合上下文语境的呼应关系，那么句子这部分的内容便是答案的依据。

1.（2023年新课标Ⅱ卷）They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 21 . They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog， Tiffy， and 23 wanted to take her with them.

21. A. turnB. budgetC. scheduleD. connection

23. A. desperatelyB. temporarily

C. secretlyD. originally

析：根據下句前半句“They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog， Tiffy， and…”比较4项备选词，能呼应第21空的是budget（预算）；同样的，能呼应第23空的是desperately（非常、拼命地），即：他们的预算很紧张，他们付不起狗狗的托运费，却非常想带狗狗Tiffy一起去Virginia。

2.（2023年全国乙卷）By 35 the Olympic all-around title， she became the first black woman to do so．

35. A. clarifyingB. defending

C. winningD. demanding

析：能够呼应句子后半部分“she became the first black woman to do so”的选项只能是winning 。

3.（2023年新课标Ⅱ卷）When I met Tiffys owners， they seemed very nervous. George， the husband， was trying to be calm， but I could tell this was 28 for him， having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out ．

28. A. hardB. fineC. commonD. lucky

析：连词but和句子后半部分“having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out（他不得不把狗狗付托一个陌生人，并相信一切都会办妥当的）”可以呼应A项hard（困难）。

4.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）As reported by a local newspaper， Bailey was more than twothirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 25 to help her fellow runner， Danielle Lenoue. …. Bailey then 27 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，…

24. A. raceB. schoolC. townD. training

25. A. agreedB. returnedC. stoppedD. promised

27. A. went awayB. stood up

C. stepped asideD. bent down

析：這3个空都是依据句子部分内容与备选词的呼应就能确定答案。根据a runner in front of her，第24空选race；根据to help her fellow runner， Danielle Lenoue，第25空选stopped；根据to let Lenoue climb onto her back，第27空选bent down。

（三）备选词与单个句意呼应

根据上下文某单个句子的句意和备选词词义的呼应关系，可以很容易地选择正确答案。

1.（2023年全国乙卷）But it was 25 to take the leap （飞跃）， however heartbreaking it would be. Even at 14， Douglas knew that．

25. A. commonB. timeC. funD. tough

析：句子“Even at 14， Douglas knew that（甚至在14岁时候，Douglas认识到这一点）”可以确定第25空与时间有关，故选time。

2.（2023年全国乙卷）The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 33， helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. By winning the Olympic allaround title， she became the first black woman to do so．

33. A. worldB. cityC. teamD. state

析：由整句“By winning the Olympic allaround title， she became the first black woman to do so.”可知Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选world呼应此句意。

（四）备选词与多个句子句意呼应

如果上下文多个句子句意和备选词的词义相结合，能够使得上下文句意完整通顺，且行文符合逻辑，那么这些句子句意就是答案的依据。

1.（2023年全国乙卷）To become the Olympic champion in the individual （个人） allaround event， Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she knew best. She had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach， where she loved to ride waves on her board. But it was time to take the leap （飞跃）， however 26 it would be. Even at 14， Douglas knew that．

26. A. breathtakingB. heartbreaking

C. eyecatchingD. headspinning

析：前面3个had to（不得不）及其句意表明“take the leap”应该是heartbreaking（令人伤心的），只有heartbreaking才能呼应前面3个句子句意，是其句意的归纳总结。

2.（2023年全国Ⅰ卷）As for Bailey， she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big deal. “She was just crying. I couldnt leave her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”

31. A. worriedB. ashamed

C. confusedD. discouraged

析：Bailey告诉记者的话表明她对其行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，故选confused呼应Bailey的困惑。

（五）语境一致呼应

一个段落或段落内部的多个句子会围绕某个中心主题展开，形成一个完整独立的语境。这个语境的意境要一致，比如语境是积极向上的，则呼应积极向上方面的备选词；语境是褒义的，就呼应褒义方面的词，照此类推。语境一致就是答案的依据。

1.（2023年全国乙卷）The Chinese coach 32 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 33 ， helping her skyrocket from an 34 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 35 the Olympic allaround title， she became the first black woman to do so. She 36 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 37 all along that she would win．

32. A. forcedB. transformed

C. persuadedD. put

33. A. worldB. city

C. teamD. state

34. A. amateurB. elected

C. averageD. enthusiastic

35. A. clarifyingB. defending

C. winningD. demanding

36. A. followedB. organized

C. watchedD. led

37. A. confidentB. nervous

C. excitedD. uneasy

析：从关键信息one of the best gymnasts、the top of the sport、the first black woman to do so可知这3个句子是并列关系，语境相同，都是描述Dougla是一位顶尖体操运动员。因此，为了呼应此语境，要选择那些体现“顶尖体操运动员”的语境的词。第32空选transformed（转变），第33空world，第34空average（平凡的），第35空winning（赢得），第36空led（处于领先地位），第37空confident（自信的）。

2.（2023年全国乙卷）“Im going to inspire so many people，” she said. “Im ready to 40.” And shine she did．

40. A. shineB. flyC. danceD. score

析：从“Im going to inspire so many people，”和句子“And shine she did.”可知句子是并列关系，描述的语境是“我”会激励别人，会给人正能量。故shine（亮光闪闪）可以呼应该语境。

（六）备选词与逻辑关系呼应

上下文出现诸如because， despite， so that，but， therefore， eventually， although， and，or等词汇时，由于这些词汇表明上下文句子的逻辑关系，因此符合这样的逻辑关系的呼应是答案的依据。

1.（2023年全国甲卷）But when we looked at the tomatoes， we were 26 because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice， round， shiny things you get in a supermarket．

26. A. worriedB. movedC. thrilledD. bored

析：句中because表明因果关系，由于西红柿外表畸形，所以我们担心（worried）。

（七）备选词与主旨大意呼应

一些记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章在篇尾处对全文的内容作归纳概括或抒发感悟或阐明道理，揭示主旨大意，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。呼应这样的主旨大意的备选词就是答案。

1.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）Neither won the race， but the 35 of human kindness won the day．

35. A. secretB. displayC. benefitD. exchange

析：文章讲述在越野比赛过程中，赛友脚扭伤，“我”背她过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。第35空的句子是文章最后一句，揭示主旨大意（两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利）。故display能够呼应文章主旨大意。

2.（2023年全国甲卷）Its good to eat things at the correct time， when theyre in season， and as close as possible to where they were grown. What Mario had 40 us was the taste of the Garfagnana．

40. A. cookedB. givenC. boughtD. told

析：这是文章的末段。本文是记叙文，講述了居住在Garfagnana的作者的邻居Mario给作者一家送了自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，虽然西红柿的外表畸形和酒很浑浊，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。故可以呼应此主旨大意的是told，即“Mario给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。”

上面几种呼应关系对解答完形填空有很大帮助，既能点拨思维，也能给学生有一种“柳暗花明又一村”的解题境界，有益英语成绩提高。同学们不妨试一试。

责任编辑吴昊雷