Summary Remarks and Contents

TheIntegrationofFolkCulture frominPerspectiveofRegionalCommonality…………Amur（003）

Mr.Fei Xiaotong’s research on ethnic corridors and the theory of“the Pattern of Multi-cultures and Unity of the Chinese Nation”both emphasize the regional view of the nationalities.The Mongol tribes in Hulunbuir mainly refer to the Bargas,Buryats and Ölöts,each of which have created rich material and spiritual cultures in the region,with clothing being an important carrier.In history,due to the different migration routes of the three tribes and the influence of different politics,economy,culture,etc.,their clothing has shown different styles and preferences,especially their typical clothing.However,in the Hulunbuir region,where the three tribes coexisted for more than a hundred years,they absorbed each other’s excellent culture and exhibited regional commonality in their clothing.The main reasons for this were the common customs,religious beliefs and aesthetics of the three tribes.The commonality of clothing of the Hulunbuir Mongol tribes reflects not only the cultural identity of the people in the region,but also the communication and integration of various tribes.

Wars betweentheJungarandKazakhintheReignofGaldan-Tsering（1727-1745）……………………………………………………………………………………………QI Guang（014）

Utilizing the Scribed Manchu Archives of the Qing Grand Secretariat housed in the First Historical Archives of China,this study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the comprehensive spectrum of military activities that unfolded during the reign of Galdan Tsering from 1727 to 1745.These military endeavors encompassed a wide range of operations,including military defense,border conflicts,battles and combat,involving the Jungar and the Kazakh.Our research places particular emphasis on providing a detailed exposition of each of these events,comprising their chronological sequence,geographical settings,commanding officers,troop sizes,principal objectives,contextual backgrounds,and the geographic topography of the battlefields.

AnnotatedTranslationoftheChapterofKhoshotHistoryintheHistoryofQinghai,II…………………………………………………………………………………………Lubenzhashi（030）

The New Rhyme of Sanskrit,which is a chapter in the History of Qinghai,is an account of the rise and fall of Khoshot Mongols written in Tibetan,in 1786,by the famous Mongolian monk Yisibaljur（1704-1788）in response to the request of the great grandson of Gushi Khan,Erdeni Chechen Boshogt Beise Choijidorj.The term Qinghai here is not the current administrative division of Qinghai Province,but the entire territory put under the rule of Khoshot Mongols including Qinghai Province today,Gansu Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,and some parts of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.The chapter in question includes the history of Qinghai Lake,the rulers of Qinghai throughout history,and the natural environment.Although the author was a religious figure,he dared to criticize fallacies and had his own unique insights into the historical events that occurred during this period.This book is of great reference value for the study of local history and ethnic relations in Tibetan-inhabited areas of Qinghai,Xizang,Gansu and Sichuan as well as for strengthening the sense of community among the Chinese nation and enhancing communication,exchange,and integration between ethnic groups.

TheBlendingofthePeripheryandtheInterior:OntheStrategyandDevelopmentofGuangxi in YuanDynasty………………………………………………………………… XIANChenghai（039）

In order to stabilize the border area and achieve long-term peace and stability,the Yuan Dynasty carried out the system of the chieftain according to the situation of various ethnic groups in the border area.Guangxi,as the proper name of China’s local level administrative division,began in the Yuan Dynasty.The policy of the Yuan Dynasty towards the minorities in Guangxi was based on the value orientation of“Huayi undivided”and“rule by custom”.By systematically combing the remodeling of local order and social changes in Guangxi in the Yuan Dynasty,it can be found that the administration and management of Guangxi in the Yuan Dynasty had the following political effectiveness and basic characteristics.First,it is conducive to stabilizing the border area and standardizing the order to integrate the political,economic and military resources of Guangxi and gradually bring them into the national institutionalized track;Second,taking an important step towards the unified multi-ethnic country to deeply govern the local areas,the Yuan Dynasty used the chieftain to govern the local areas,enhance the national identity,gather strength,make the Guangxi region get better development;Third,under the pattern of“great unity”,the Yuan Dynasty governance of the chieftain region further promoted the integration of all ethnic groupsin China.

OnthePolicyMeasures oftheYuanManagementoftheEightMileRoad……… LIUGuojun（050）

During the Song,Yuan,and Ming dynasties,Jimusar was known as Bieshibali,meaning Five Cities in Uyghur.In 1209,Gaochang surrendered to the Mongols,and BieshiBali became part of the Yuan.The Yuan rulers had a profound understanding of the strategic value of the Bieshibali and carried out resolute management on the basis of the Han and Tang dynasties.One is to establish military and political institutions such as Daruga,the Ministry of Shangshu,Xuanweisi Duyuanshuaifu and Yuanshuaifu.The second is to continue to implement land reclamation and development,establish postal systems,develop the economy,and ensure people’s livelihoods.The third is to vigorously utilize talents from all ethnic groups in Bieshibali to participate in national politics.The Yuan played an important role in maintaining its rule over the Western Regions and consolidating the northwest border,especially in suppressing the rebellion of the Northwest Princedoms,by managing the Beishi Ba Liarea.

Inland-ChangingofBorderlandGovernanceduringtheQingSeenintheContractFormofDebt andLitigationPractice:ACaseStudyofTwoCasesoftheGuangxuPeriodRecordedinthe EjinaArchives……………………………………………………………………… PINGPing（062）

In the expression of state power in the Qing Dynasty,border governance and inland governance were parallel and each had its own emphasis.However,through analysis of the operation of the legal system,it is not difficult to find that national governance and national law may exhibit different scenes from official expression in specific judicial practice.This article comprehensively analyzes two cases of debt law during the reign of Emperor Guangxu,showcasing the contractual and litigation practices of debt in the daily civil legal life of the Ejina Torguts.It points out that the Qing government implemented a border governance system among the Mongols,mainly based on the banner system and the Mongol Code.With the development of the economy and society,population growth and mobility,and frequent trade with merchants entering nomadic areas,the governance methods and methods had increasingly shown inland changing so that the national law eventually penetrated into the grassroots society of the borderland,promoting the integration and deepening of the governance of the borderland by the state in the late Qing Dynasty.

AnAnalysis oftheReasons fortheMisdescriptionofTserinUbashiasaTorgutin“ShuoFangBei Cheng”…………………………………………………………………………… HUMingxia（070）

The Guangxu woodblock“Shuo Fang Bei Cheng”is an important monograph on the study of the history and geography of the late Qing border regions.Its records of the northwest border tribes such as Kazakhs,Buruts,and Torguts have been repeatedly cited by late Qing scholars,becoming an important work for spreading the knowledge of the northwest border region.While spreading knowledge,it also confuses the tribe to which Tserin Ubashi belongs,having a profound impact on later literature.There are three principal reasons for this mistake.One is that the original manuscript of Shuo Fang Bei Cheng had been destroyed and was not extant when it was put to printing.The Guangxu edition of Shuo Fang Bei Cheng was actually a compilation by later scholars on the basis of an incomplete manuscript.This means the errors observed in today’s Shuo Fang Bei Cheng are not necessarily attributed to HE Qiutao.Secondly,the phenomenon of different people sharing the same name maybe increased the difficulty of studying historical figures.Persons in a book that should not simply be regarded as the same person ought to be put into comprehensive consideration factoring relevant factors as much as possible.Thirdly,the book mistakenly states that Tserin Ubashi was a Torgut.This erroneous understanding should take source from the Biography of the Princes of the Mongolian and Hotong Tribes.

Aspects oftheReasons fortheProsperityofYuanDrama:AReviewofVariousTheoriesonthe Reasons fortheProsperityofYuanDrama………………………………… RENChongyue（078）

Scholars have different opinions on why Yuan Drama flourished,and there is currently no consensus.In summary,there are four theories:firstly,the Yuan abolished the imperial examination system for a long time,leaving Confucian scholars with no way to enter the officialdom,and thus turned to creating drama;the second is the saying that Confucian is the ninth with beggars tenth.The social status of Confucian scholars in the Yuan Dynasty was low,they suffered discrimination,were not valued,had no choice but to make a living in drama writing.Due to the large number of practitioners,the drama was able to flourish;the third is the theory of abnormal prosperity.During the Yuan Dynasty,the urban economy was prosperous and people’s lives were stable,providing a favorable environment for the development of theatre;the fourth is that the Yuan rulers liked to speak.The preference of the Yuan rulers provided an opportunity for the theatre development.These statements have some truth,they are often far-fetched and cannot be convincing though.The real reason for the prosperity of Yuan drama was twofold:firstly,the comprehensive socioeconomic prosperity during Yuan dynasty led to the drama prosperity;secondly,the Yuan rulers did not understand Chinese and did not have a literary muzzle,which objectively provided a relatively relaxed environment for the drama composition,allowing it to prosper and develop.

OntheJangarEpisode“AragUlaanKhongorTakeCaptiveoftheDemonKhanDonshuurGerel”SungbyArimpil…………………………………………………………………… Khumujile（092）

“Arag Ulaan Khongor Take Captive of the Demon Khan Donshuur Gerel”is a relatively important episode in Jangar,which has been included in both collected publications in China and foreign countries as well as in some specialized research works.This very article is based on the version published in the first issue of Xinjiang Literature（Mongolian version）in 1979,and compares it with other versions to identify the differences between the versions.It is believed that the 1979 version of Xinjiang Literature is the second edition published after Mr.A.Taibai’s Kalmyk“Jangar”transcribed in Tod Mongolian in 1964,and also the first local Jangar chapter published in Xinjiang.

DiscussionontheRelationshipbetweenArimpil’sJangarandOblai’sJangar………………………………………………………………………………………… MAXiaoliang（102）

Based on the academic texts“10 Chapters of Jangar sung by Oblai”and“23 chapters of Jangar sung by Arimpil”,this paper makes a detailed comparison between the two texts on Aliya Munghulai from four aspects:title,language,description and motif to examine the relationship between Arimpil’s version and Oblai’s version.

AReviewoftheEpicFigureBoroMangnaiDescribedinArimpilSungEpisode andKalmykVersion…………………………………………………………………………………………… Öljiibayar（110）

This paper compares the heroic image of Boro Mangnai in terms of name,position,status in the Arimpil and the Kalmyk version of the Jangar,analyzing the common and unique aspects of Boro Mangnai’s image in different regions,and offering own perspective on the related issues.It is difficult to say that the Boro Mangnai from Mongolia directly influenced the image of Groom Boro Mangnai in the Kalmyk Jangar,and defining his position based on the appearance of groomin a specific regional text is not appropriate.In terms of status,in both versionsof Jangar there are sometimes differences in the left and right divisions and the seating order,but he is always one of the twelve main heroes and is sometimes classified as a hero on the right side of Jangar.

AReviewoftheCollectionandCollationofAlaichimbuu’sSong………………………… Meili（117）

Various forms of military-themed folk songs have been passed down in multiple styles and fashions among the Mongolian people,with one of the most notable being the song Alaichimbuu’s Song.This song primarily reflects the emotions of soldiers who have served far from home and has garnered significant attention from scholars.Starting with the collection and compilation by the Russian scholar A.M.Pozdneev in the late 19th century,nearly thirty different variants have been discovered to date.This paper aims to explore the dissemination,development,and evolution of military-themed folk songs by providing a comprehensive overview of the collection,compilation,and research of the song Alaichimbuu’s Song.