聚焦中考非谓语动词的八大热门考点

龙　敏

非谓语动词是中学英语中的重要语法项目，也是中考必考考点之一。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。笔者对近几年各地的中考试卷进行了分析，总结了非谓语动词的八大热门考点，并以2007年各地中考题为例进行讲解，以期对同学们的复习迎考有所帮助。

【考点1】it代替不定式作形式主语的情况

【典型试题】

Its very nice ____ pictures for me. (2007年天津)

A. of you to draw B. for you to draw

C. for you drawing D. of you drawing

【简析】本题句中it为形式主语，it作形式主语一般代替的都是不定式，故后面空格处填的应该是个不定式，所以先排除选项C和D；又因为句中的形容词是nice，要用of引导动词不定式短语的逻辑主语，所以本题正确答案为A。

[解题点拨] ◆当较长的不定式作主语时，习惯用it作形式主语，把真正的不定式主语放在句末，构成“It is+形容词+（for/of sb.）to do sth.”结构, 其中it作句子的形式主语,真正的主语是“for/of sb. to do sth.”；

◆当句子中的形容词是诸如brave, good, clever, careful, wise, stupid, foolish, nice, polite等用来说明人的性格、特征、品德等单词时，用of引导动词不定式短语的逻辑主语；

◆若句子中的形容词是诸如important, necessary, natural等表示事物的特点，行为本身的单词,则用for引导动词不定式短语的逻辑主语。

【考点2】非谓语动词作宾语

【典型试题】

1. ——Would you mind ____ my pet dog when I am out?

——Sorry, I cant. I have to study for my test this week.

（2007年重庆）

A. take care of B. taking care of

C. to take care of D. taking care

【简析】mind后面跟v-ing形式，所以先排除选项A和C；又因为take care of“照顾”是固定短语，所以正确答案为B。

2. ——There goes the bell.

——Its time for class. Lets stop ____.（07年福州）

A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talk

【简析】stop doing sth. 的含义与 stop to do sth.不同。前者表示“停止做某事”,后者表示“停下正在做的事去做另外一件事”。本题句意为“上课了，咱们该停止说话了”，所以答案选C。

[解题点拨] 不定式、v-ing形式均可作宾语，分以下几种情况：

◆多数动词后面既可接不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，两者并无区别，如：begin, start等；

◆某些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语，如：hope, wish, expect, pretend,decide, plan, seem等；

◆有些动词和词组后面只能接v-ing形式作宾语，如enjoy, be busy, cant help, suggest, include, keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, miss, give up, imagine, feel like, mind等；

◆有些动词后面既可接不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，但意义和用法大不相同。例如：

1. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

2. remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘了曾经做过某事

remember/forget to do sth. 记住/忘了要去做某事

3. go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事

4. try doing sth. 试着做某事

try to do sth. 努力去做某事

【考点3】非谓语动词作宾语补足语

【典型试题】

1. He didnt feel very well yesterday, so his mother told him ____ a rest. (2007年桂林)

A. to have B. has C. had D. having

【简析】tell sb．后面应用不定式作宾语补足语，所以答案选A。

2. When I got home, I found my pet dog ____(lie) on the floor, dead. (2007年兰州)

【简析】本题意为“我发现我的宠物狗躺在地板上”， 故应该填上表主动意义的v-ing形式，用作宾语补足语；lie的动词-ing形式为lying。

3. She tells her son to have his hair ____ (cut) every other month. (2007年兰州)

【简析】分析语境可知“头发应该被修剪”， 故填表被动意义的过去分词cut作宾语补足语。

[解题点拨]◆不定式作宾语补足语多考查ask/tell/want/invite/order/warn sb. to do sth.结构；

◆现在分词作宾语补足语多强调进行、主动的动作；

◆过去分词作宾语补足语多强调被动或已经完成的动作。

◆不定式作宾语补足语用于被动语态就变为主语补足语，它多出现于be asked/told/invited/ordered/warned to do sth.结构。

◆特别需要注意的是:hope， suggest， stop等词后面不可接不定式作宾语补足语。

【考点4】疑问词+不定式

【典型试题】

——My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know ____.

——Lets read the instructions.(2007年河南)

A. what to use B. which one to use

C. how to use it D. when to use it

【简析】分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，该空表示“不知道如何使用MP4”，可用“疑问词+不定式”结构how to use it作宾语。

[解题点拨]◆what, who, which等连接代词与及物动词的不定式连用时,这些连接代词本身已经是该不定式的逻辑宾语,故无需再在该不定式后面用一个名词或代词作宾语；

◆如果动词不定式与how, when, where等连接副词连用时,则该动词不定式应为不及物动词或“及物动词+宾语”。

【考点5】不定式省略to

【典型试题】

1. Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them ____ how much they mean to us. (2007年哈尔滨)

A. to know B. knowing C. know

【简析】本句中make为使役动词，后接不定式作宾语补足语应省to，所以选C。

2. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.(2007年济南)

A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew

【简析】本题感官动词see为被动形式，则其后充当主语补足语的动词不定式应带to，所以选A。

3. Wed better ____ off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute. (2007年上海)

A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned

【简析】had better后面接不定式应省to，所以选C。

[解题点拨]◆在hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官动词和make, have, let等使役动词后面应跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。若这些使役动词为被动形式,则其后充当主语补足语的动词不定式应带to；

◆would rather, had better, why not后面应该跟不带to的动词不定式。

【考点6】非谓语动词的否定形式

【典型试题】

1. Our teacher told us again ____ to each other in the library.

(2007年成都)

A. to speak B. not to speak C. dont speak

【简析】根据句意“老师叫我们不要说话”先排除选项A；又因为不定式作宾语补足语时其否定式为not to do sth.，所以答案选B。

2. Please dont play basketball here, will you? (改为同义句)

Would you ____ ____ playing basketball here? (2007年茂名)

【简析】根据句意“你介意不要在这里打篮球吗？”可知该用v-ing形式的否定式mind not playing basketball。

[解题点拨] ◆动词不定式的否定形式是在to前面加not或never等否定词，构成“not/never+to do sth.”；

◆“had better(not) do sth.”及“have/make/let sb. (not) do sth.”等结构中，若要表达否定意义，则用“not+动词原形”；

◆v-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。

【考点7】不定式作状语

【典型试题】

——What should I do, Doctor? (2007年江西省)

——____ healthy, you should take more exercise.

A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Having kept

【简析】分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“为了保持健康”，因此应用不定式作目的状语，所以选择C。

【典型试题】

The father is creative enough ____ so many nice toys for his daughter. （2007年镇江）

A. buying B. making C. to buy D. to make

【简析】本题考查固定结构“enough to…”，动词不定式作结果状语，所以先排除A和B；又因为句中有creative表示“有创造力的”，所以答案应选D (to make)。

[解题点拨] ◆不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果、原因等；

◆为加强语气在不定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组（即：in order to…，so as to…），作状语表示目的；

◆在“so…as to…”，“such…as to…”，“enough to…”，“only to…”以及“too…to…”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果。

【考点8】动词不定式作后置定语

【典型试题】

In the future, there isnt going to ____ enough space to ____ on the earth.（07年兰州）

A. have; stand in B. be; stand

C. have; stand D. be; stand in

[简析]由there be结构可以先排除选项A和C；又因为stand是不及物动词，故用作后置定语时应在stand后面加介词in，所以正确答案为D。

[解题点拨]若作后置定语用的动词不定式本身为不及物动词，则应在该不及物动词后面加上适当的介词。

巩固练习：

1. It is everyones duty ____ the laws.

A. obeying B. obey C. to obey D. obeyed

2. Lucy wants ____ a new pen.

A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. buys

3. On her way home， Lucy saw a thief ____ in a shop． She stopped

____ 110 at once.

A. steal, call B. to steal, call

C. stealing, to call D. stealing, calling

4. The girls were asked ____ out at night．

A． to not go B． not go C． not to go D. didnt go

5. I hope Tina ____ to my birthday party on time next Wednesday．

A. to come B. come C. came D. will come

6. ——Shopping with me?

——Sorry． I have a lot of clothes ____.

A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed

7. Yesterday morning I got up early ____ be late for the exam．

A. in order to B. in order to not

C. so as not to D. so as to

8. ——Millie, could you give me some advice? I dont know ____.

——Why dont you wear this red shirt?

A. when to wear B. what to wear

C. how to wear D. where to wear

9. ——Is Wei Fang good at singing?

——Yes, she is. We often hear her ____ in the next room.

A. to sing B. sings C. sing D. sang

10. The boy is old enough ____ the army.

A. joining B. joining in C. to join D. to join in

Key:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C