新目标英语八年级(上)重点词语讲解(Unit8)

2008-11-26 10:42胡扬朋
中学英语园地·初二版 2008年11期
关键词:复数代词辨析

胡扬朋

Unit 8How was your school trip?

1. win v. 获胜;赢

Toby won a prize. (P48) 托比获得了一个奖。

辨析: win与beat

win意为“获胜”、“赢得”,其后的宾语不是竞争对手,而是表示比赛(game)、 奖品(prize)、 战斗(battle)一类的名词。例如:

He won the Nobel prize for physics in 1921. 他在一九二一年获得了诺贝尔物理奖金。

—Who won the race? 赛跑中谁获胜了?

—I won but David came second. 我获胜了,不过大卫跑了第二。

They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了战斗的胜利,但牺牲了很多人。

beat意为“胜过”、“打败”,其宾语必须是“人”或一个集体,如a team, a class, a school等。例如:

We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。

I beat John at chess yesterday. 昨天和约翰下棋我赢了他。

2. else adj. & adv. 其他的;别的;另外的

What else did you do? (P48) 你还干了些什么?

辨析: else与other

两者都可以表示“别的”、“其他的”、“另外的”。 else用作形容词或副词时,常出现在who, what等疑问代词, nobody, nothing, anybody, anything, somebody, something等不定代词以及where, how等疑问副词之后,作后置定语或状语。例如:

What else would you like? 你还喜欢什么?

Did you see anybody else? 你看到别的什么人了吗?

Look at something else in the room. 看看房间里别的东西吧。

Where else did you go? 你还去过别的什么地方?

注意:“不定代词+ elses”可构成该不定代词的所有格。例如:

Then it will be someone elses turn. 然后就要轮到其他某个人了。

other用作形容词修饰可数名词单数或复数时,只能放在它们前面。例如:

You can read other books. 你可以看别的书。

Dont tell the other boys about it. 不要把此事告诉别的男孩子。

other还可修饰代词one或ones。 例如:

This story is more interesting than the other one. 这个故事比那个更有趣。

注意:可以说the two other books, 也可以说the other two books; 可以说two other books, 但不能说other two books。

3. take photos 拍照

Did you take any photos? (P48) 你照相了吗?

take photos意为“拍照”、“照相”; photo是photograph的缩写形式。 take a photo of somebody意为“给某人拍照片”。例如:

I took a photo of my sister. 我给我姐姐照了一张相片。

注意:若要表示“请某人拍照”,常用have ones photo taken。 例如:

He had his photo taken this morning. 今天上午他请人拍照。

4. at the end of在……结束时;在……尽头

At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class monitor cleaned the bus after the trip. (P49) 在一天结束时,理科教师非常高兴,因为班长在旅游结束之后打扫了公共汽车。

at the end of之后可接表示时间的名词,表示“在……时间末”。例如:

At the end of this month well go to the Great Wall. 本月末我们将去参观长城。

He came back from Japan at the end of 1998. 他在1998年末从日本回来。

at the end of后面也可接表示事物的名词,表示“在某物的末端”。例如:

At the end of the road youll see the hospital. 在路的尽头你会看到那所医院。

Then she sat down on the seat at the end of the garden. 然后她在花园尽头的座位上坐了下来。

5. day off休息日;假日

On my next day off, I dont want to go for a drive. (P50) 下个休息日,我不想开车去兜风。

day off是“休假的一天”,其中的day可根据意思上的需要有单、复数形式的变化。例如:

Tomorrow is my day off, and Im going to take my family to the park. 明天我休息,我打算带全家上公园去玩。

We will have three days off next month. 下个月我们有三天假。

6. have fun玩得高兴

Im sorry you didnt have fun on your day off. (P51) 真遗憾,你休息日过得不开心。

have fun意为“玩得高兴”、“过得愉快”,相当于have a good time。 在这里fun是不可数名词,前面不能加a,也没有复数形式。例如:

Its a good place to have fun. 这是一个好玩的地方。

Boys and girls, please come, have fun! 孩子们,请过来,尽情地玩吧!

have fun后面可以接动词的-ing形式,意为“愉快地做某事”。例如:

Did you have fun camping? (P51) 你们野营有趣吗?

Well have fun learning English this term. 这学期我们将愉快地学英语。

7. again adv. 再一次;又一次

Do you want to go again? (P52) 你想再去一次吗?

again意为“再一次”、“又一次”,指重复某一动作。例如:

Say it again, please. 请再说一遍。

Its good to see all my teachers and friends again. 再一次见到我的老师和朋友们,真是好极了。

again的另一个意思是“现在又恢复原来的状态”,指经过变化后又回到原来的状态,不是指某一动作的重复。例如:

She was ill, but now she was well again. 她病了,可现在又康复了。

比较: again and again意为“再三地”、“一再地”,强调重复地做某事或某一动作。例如:

She asked me again and again to go shopping with her. 她一再请求我与她一起去购物。

8. in the future将来

We watched a movie about living in the future. (P52) 我们看了一部有关未来生活的电影。

辨析: in the future与in future

in future意为“从今以后”,相当于from now on。 例如:

In future, you must be more careful with your work. 从今以后,你做工作时必须更加小心。

Try to live a better life in future. 尽力使今后的日子过得好一些。

in the future意为“将来”、“未来”,但不一定就是从今立即开始,而是指将来的时间,相当于in the time yet to come。 例如:

No one knows what will happen in the future. 没有人知道将来会发生什么事。

巩固练习:

1. 用beat或win填空:

1) Dick ______ John and _______ the game.

2) He ______ all runners in the race.

3) It was easy for him to _______ the race.

4) We will certainly_______ the basketball match with Class Four.

2. 用other或else填空:

1) Give me the ________ pencil, not this one.

2) He has nothing ______ to do today.

3) Whom_______did you see?

4) Have you any_______books on this subject?

3. 用in the future或in future填空:

1) Youd better not go out alone_______.

2) Id like to be a teacher_________.

3) You must be more careful_______.

4) Maybe one day ________ we will be able to take a trip to the moon.

Key:

1. 1) beat; won2) beat3) win4) win

2. 1) other2) else3) else4) other

3. 1) in future2) in the future3) in future4) in the future

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