书面表达常见错误剖析

2015-03-10 17:10陈传光
中学生英语·阅读与写作 2014年12期
关键词:画线及物动词剖析

陈传光

一、动词错误多

1. 时态误用

一般来说,根据写作要求考生能够非常清楚地知道该用什么时态,但时态错误是考生写作时普遍存在的问题。

【典型错句】One afternoon some boys played football on the playground. Suddenly one of them fall over and hurt his leg.

【剖析】这段很显然是叙述过去发生的事,故文中的动词要用过去的某种时态,画线的部分按其语境应改为were playing; fell。

2. 语态错误

汉语在表达时用主动形式较多,学生往往在该用被动语态的地方用了主动语态。

【典型错句】There are many tall building in the city. Many squares and green lands build for people to rest.

【剖析】要记清各种被动语态的构成及其用法。文中画线的部分应改为have been built。

3. 词形错误

英语动词有各种复杂的词形变化。动词有过去式、过去分词、现在分词、第三人称单数形式。由于忽略了这些变化,许多同学在写句子时屡屡出现词形错误。

【典型错句】Lucy Green is a student. She work very hard at school.

【剖析】本句用一般现在时来叙述Lucy Green的爱好,文中画线的部分应改为works。

4. 词性错误

① 及物动词与不及物动词的混用

英语中动词有及物与不及物之分。及物动词后须跟宾语,可用被动语态;而不及物动词在使用时没有宾语,也不能用被动语态。

【典型错句】Just then, a young man entered into the room. When he knew what had been happened, he gave us some help.

【剖析】enter本身为及物动词,相当于go (come) into,后面不需再用into;happen为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,应把been去掉。

② 实义动词与系动词之间的误用

【典型错句】They kept busily the whole afternoon. They were quite tired but they all felt happily.

【剖析】句中的kept和felt都用作系动词,后面应分别跟busy和happy作它们的表语。

③ 瞬间动词与延续性动词的混用

【典型错句】Mary lent me a book and told me that I could borrow it for three weeks.

【剖析】borrow为瞬间动词,不能和表示一段的时间状语连用,应将borrow改为keep。

④ 非谓语动词的错误

【典型错句】He likes make friends and they always enjoy play football. After work hard for a week, he wants stay at home and watch TV.

【剖析】英语中,两个实义动词不能紧接使用,或用并列连词连接,或后面动词用非谓语形式。有些及物动词(短语)后面只能跟动词-ing形式作其宾语;有的只能跟动词不定式;还有的既可接动词不定式,也可接动词-ing形式。学习时要注意积累、比较、记忆。另外,还应知道英语中的介词后要接名词、动词-ing等。句中画线部分应分别改为making, playing, working和to stay。

二、母语干扰强

1. “缺头少腿”类

① 缺主语

【典型错句】Yesterday planted a lot of trees on the hill. When we got home, was already six oclock.

【剖析】除祈使句外,一般情况下,英语句子都要有主语。画线部分前应分别加上主语we和it。

② 缺谓语

【典型错句】My school not far from my home.

【剖析】一个完整的句子应该有谓语动词。画线部分应改为is not far from。

③ 缺连词

【典型错句】Mother bought me a MP3 player, I like it very much.

【剖析】英语中连词and用得较多,但在汉语中却很少用。应改为:Mother bought me a MP3 player, and I like it very much.

2. “画蛇添足”类

【典型错句】My brother has just returned back from the USA.

【剖析】画线部分应改为come back或把back去掉。

3. “张冠李戴”类

① 误用主语

【典型错句】My mother is a doctor. Her work is very busy.

【剖析】这是典型的汉语式英语,应改为“She is very busy with her work. / She is very busy.”。

② 误用谓语

【典型错句】Some of us for the plan, but some of us against the plan.

【剖析】for“同意”和against“反对”是介词,应在它们前加are。

③ 误用宾语

【典型错句】Jack is my good friend. I often hear from her letter.

【剖析】英语中,表示“收到某人的来信”,要说hear from sb. / get a letter from sb. / receive a letter from sb.等句型,而不能说hear from her letter,本句要把letter去掉。

④ 误用表语

【典型错句】I think the price of your car is very expensive.

【剖析】英语中,表示“价格的高(低)”,要用high(low),而不能用expensive (cheap),本句要用high。

⑤ 修饰错误

【典型错句】I have new something to tell you.

【剖析】修饰不定代词的定语应放在后面,应改为something new。

⑥ 误用介词

【典型错句】Today, we worked in the farm, After work, we had a good rest under the sun.

【剖析】介词是英语学习中的一大难点,学习时必须记住一些介词的固定搭配和用法。如本句中的in要改为on,under要改为in。

以上是对学生在习作中容易出现的一些错误作出的简单的分类归纳。要想真正提高自己的写作水平,在考试中得高分,同学们还需要平时勤学苦练,多记、多背常见短语与句式,应严格按照简单句的五种句型来写句,这样才能达到预期的效果。

【栏目要求】

1. 将学生习作根据中考分值给出成绩; 2. 在应该修改的地方划线并标注序号;

3. 根据所标序号进行修改并说明修改的理由; 4. 给学生习作点评<优点与不足>;

5. 请点评名师提供简历一份,包括:学校、职务、 职称、荣誉、教研教学成果、照片一张。

来稿请寄: 430079 华中师范大学外国语学院《中学生英语》 杂志社 初中部 收

本 期 点 评 名 师

姜经志 男,中学英语高级教师、安徽省骨干教师、淮北市优秀教师、中国外语学习研究会会员、《中学生英语》特约编委、《学英语》和《英语周报》特约编辑。多年来,在省级以上报刊发表文章800余篇,并有多篇论文获奖;曾主编《初中生英语满分作文大全》、《英语奥林匹克》、《新目标英语八年级暑假作业》,参编《高中英语知识点反馈与阅读》、《初中英语题典大全》、《21世纪英语学习指南》等;多次辅导学生在国家和省级英语竞赛中获奖。

My House

Do you want to know about my house? Come with me! This is our living room. Its big and clean. There is a sofa in the middle of the room. There is a big television in front of the sofa. Sometimes my father watch① sports programs on the sofa. My sister and I often watch cartoons there.

Next to the living room, on the right, is the balcony. There is② many beautiful flowers on the balcony. This is my grandmothers favorite place. She often waters and looks at the flowers here.

My bedroom is on the left of the living room. I study here. There is a computer and a bookshelf in my bedroom. I often play computer games there.

I very like my house③.

安徽省濉溪县四铺中心学校七(4)班 曹梦欣

1. 优点:

作者对自己的房子做了详细的描述,全文语言生动活泼,文笔流畅,结构合理。尽管出现了几处错误,但对文章整体结构把握合理,这方面值得同学们借鉴学习。作者对There be句型能够灵活运用。

2. 需要修改的地方:

①watch应改为watches。该句时态为一般现在时,且主语my father为第三人称,故动词应用第三人称单数形式。

②There is应改为There are。该句为There be句型,且主语many beautiful flowers为复数,故此处应为There are。

③I very like my house应改为I like my house very much。very不能直接修饰动词;very much可以用来修饰动词,且放在句子末尾。

3. 评分:

按中考英语作文满分20分的标准,本文修改前可得18分。

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