名词性从句考点剖析与精练

马国民

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，是历年来高考频繁考查的重要考点之一，而且考查的角度越来越灵活。在高考备考中，对名词性从句展开复习时，需要在全面复习的基础上，科学部署，重点突出，进一步增强针对性和实效性。

一、考点剖析

在语法填空这一高考题型中，涉及名词性从句的考查是没有提示词的，做题时需要把名词性从句的相关知识与题干紧密结合起来，才能确定空白处使用哪一个词引导。

1.考查宾语从句

【典例1】I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.（2014年广东卷）

解析：分析题干可知，understand之后接的是宾语从句，且空白处在从句中做状语，由此结合语境“我不理解为什么这种事情会发生”可知，应填why。

【典例2】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.（2012年广东卷）

解析：在题干中，wondered之后接的是宾语从句，且空白处在从句中做do的宾语，由此结合语境“其他所有学生想知道那个男孩会做什么”可知应填what。

【知识延伸】宾语从句往往位于动词、介词或某些形容词之后，其常用句式有：①主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语从句；②主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 宾语从句；③主语 + 动词短语 + 宾语从句；④主语 + be + 形容词 + 宾语从句。此外，it充当形式宾语，而真正的宾语为宾语从句，常用句式有：

①主语 + think/ believe/ make/ find/ consider/ feel + it + [WTBX]adj./ n[WTBZ]. + 宾语从句

②主语 + enjoy/ hate/ love/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/ prefer + it + 宾语从句

③主语 + see to/ look to/ insist on/ stick to/ depend on/ answer for + it + 宾语从句

④主语 + 动词 + it + 介词短语 + 宾语从句（如take it for granted that…想当然地认为；bring it to ones attention that…引起某人注意的是；owe it to sb. that…把……归功于）

2.考查主语从句

【典例1】Perhaps my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. （2014年上海卷）

解析：分析题干可知，“ my mother had told me”为主语从句，空白处在从句中做直接宾语，且指的是内容，故填what。

【典例2】 the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.（2014年陕西卷）

解析：分析题干的句子结构可知，depends之前是主语从句，且空白处在从句中做时间状语，故填when。

【知识延伸】主语从句常位于谓语动词之前，但是有时为了保持句子平衡，会使用it做为形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放在后面，常见的有：

①It + be + 名词 + 主语从句（如It is a fact/ pity/ shame / surprise that…；It is no wonder that…）

②It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句（如It is clear/ important/ necessary/ obvious/ possible/ strange that…；It is known to all that…）

③It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句（如It is believed/ reported/ said/ suggested/ thought that…）

④It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句（如It happens that…；It occurred to sb. that…；It doesnt matter how/ whether/ what…）

3.考查表语从句

【典例1】The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal. （2014年北京卷）

解析：分析题干可知，was之后是表语从句，且空白处在从句中做时间状语，故填when。

【典例2】As John Lennon once said， life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.（2014年湖南卷）

解析：在题干中，is之后是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指的是内容，因此应使用what引导表语从句。

【知识延伸】表语从句指的是在句中做表语的从句，常位于系动词之后，其常用句式有：

①主语 + be 动词 + 表语从句

②主语 + appear/ look/ remain/ seem/ smell/ taste + 表语从句

4.考查同位语从句endprint

【典例1】One day， he came up with an idea he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

解析：idea之后的句子对其解释说明，即idea之后的部分为同位语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，句意完整，故填that引导同位语从句。

【典例2】Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.

解析：分析句子结构可知，study之后是主语Evidence的具体内容，即同位语从句，从句的句意完整，且不缺少成分，故填that。

【知识延伸】同位语从句常位于某些名词之后，其引导词最常用的是that。常接同位语从句的名词有：belief，chance，conclusion，demand，desire，discovery，doubt，evidence，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope，idea，news，notice，possibility，problem，promise， report，reply，request，sign，statement，theory，thought，truth，view，warning，wish，word

为保持句子平衡，主语的同位语从句往往不紧跟其后，而是放在后面，从而形成了分隔式同位语从句，而做宾语或表语的名词与其同位语从句之间有插入语、状语或后置定语等修饰成分时，也会形成分隔式同位语从句。例如：

Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. Danby给我的秘书留言，他下午会再打电话的。

二、备考建议

名词性从句的引导词包括连词that，if，whether；连接代词what，which，whom，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever，whosever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。在复习备考中，一方面应该掌握好宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种名词性从句的特征与用法，另一方面应灵活掌握好连接词的种类及其用法。同时还需要强化这方面的专题训练，进一步提高自己的应用能力。

三、强化训练

（一）单句语法填空

1. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.

2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said， “Thats I was born.”

3. I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

4. “Every time you eat a sweet， drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tell me.

5. It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

6. I have no idea Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday and thats one of his favorite universities.

7. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain， but it was probably around 1565.

8. It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.

9. Do not let any failures discourage you， for you can never tell close you may be to victory.

10. one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

11. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.

12. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

13. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

14. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.

15. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.endprint

16. Over the next several months， my professor taught me one story was so much better than the other.

17. For one thing， parents have time to think about they want to say before they write.

18. There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.

19. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

20. Its good to know the dogs will be well cared for while were away.

21. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

22. From space， the earth looks blue. This is about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.

23. Scientists study human brains work to make computers.

24. As many five courses are provided， and you are free to choose suits you best.

25.It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

26.Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter you have lived there for a short or a long time.

27.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.

28.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently.

29. Mom called me yesterday， asking me I was getting along with the exam.

30.I made a promise to myself this year， my first year in high school， would be different.

（二）语法填空综合训练

Many students may feel 1 （stress） because of their parents. Most parents have good intentions， 2 some of them arent very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in 3 （adjust） to college， and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their childrens 4 （difficulty）.

For one thing， parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They dont realize that the 5 （compete） is stronger， that the required standards of work are 6 （high）， and that their children may not be prepared for 7 change. They may be upset by their childrens poor grades. At their kindest， they may 8 （gentle） ask why John or Mary isnt doing better， whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should， and so on. At their worst， they may threaten 9 （take） their children out of college or cut off living expenses.

Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine 10 their children do with their lives. They forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way.

参考答案与解析：endprint

（一）单句语法填空

1.what。在题干中，doing之后跟的是宾语从句，空白处在从句中做do的宾语，且指的是具体内容，故应用what引导宾语从句。

2.where。在题干中，Thats之后是表语从句，空白处在从句中做地点状语，故应填where。

3.what。句意为：关于他的画我认为给我留下深刻印象的是他所使用的颜色。“ impresses me about his painting”为主语从句，空白处在从句中做主语，且指的是内容，故应用what引导。

4.what。在题干中，is之后为表语从句，空白处在从句中做tell的直接宾语，且指的是内容，故应用what引导表语从句。

5.what。动词imagine之后为宾语从句，由此结合句式“What + be + sb./ sth. like？”可知，应用what引导宾语从句。

6. why。句意为：我不知道为什么Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。分析题干可知，idea之后是其具体内容，即同位语从句，空白处在从句中做原因状语，故应用why引导。

7.when。句意为：土豆确切是在何时被引进欧洲的还不确定，大约在1565年左右。在题干中，“ the potato was introduced into Europe”为主语从句，空白处在从句中做时间状语，由此结合语境可知，应用when引导。

8. whether。句意为：新成立的委员会的政策是否能够付诸实践，还需拭目以待。在题干中，it是形式主语，真正的主语为空后的主语从句，由此结合语境可知应填whether。

[JP+1]

9. how。分析题干可知，tell之后为宾语从句，由此结合感叹句的句式“how + 形容词或副词 + 主谓”可知，应用how引导宾语从句。[JP]

10. Whichever。句意为：你们当中无论哪个人弄坏窗户都得赔偿。空白处在从句中做one的定语，由此结合语境可知应填Whichever。

11. what。在题干中，动词found之后为宾语从句，空白处在从句中做主语，且指的是内容，故应用what引导。

12. that。分析题干可知，belief之后的部分是其具体内容，即同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，而且句意完整，故应用that引导。

13. whoever。句意为：我们承诺无论谁参加聚会，都有机会与影星合影。在题干中，promise之后为宾语从句，空白处在从句中做主语，由此结合语境可知应填whoever。

14. What。分析题干的句子结构可知，was之前为主语从句，在从句中缺少主语，且指的是事物，故填what。

15. that。分析题干可知，believe之后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且句意完整，故应用that引导。

16. why。在题干中，me之后是宾语从句，由此结合语境“为什么一个故事比另一个好得多”可知，空白处在从句中做原因状语，故填why。

17. what。分析题干可知，about之后为宾语从句，且空白处在从句中做say的宾语，由此结合语境可知，应用what引导宾语从句。

18.that。在题干中，evidence之后是其具体内容，即同位语从句，从句句意完整，且不缺少句子充分，故应用that引导同位语从句。

19.What。句意为：使这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。在题干中，is之前为主语从句，空白处在从句中做主语且指的是内容，故应用What引导。

20. that。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且句意完整，故应填that。

21. What。在题干中，describes之前为主语从句，空白处在从句中做said的宾语，且指的是内容，故填What。

22.because。在题干中，is之后为表语从句，空白处在从句中做状语，由此结合语境“这是因为其表面的71%被水覆盖”可知应填because。

23. how。分析题干可知，study之后为宾语从句，空白处在从句中做方式状语，故应填how。

24.whichever。在题干中，choose之后为宾语从句，空白处在从句中做主语，由此结合语境可知应填whichever。

25.whether。在题干中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为discussion之后的主语从句，根据空后的or not及语境可知，应填whether。

26.whether。分析题干可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语是matter之后的主语从句，由此结合语境和句式whether…or可知应填whether。

[JP+1]

27.what。分析题干可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语是clear之后的主语从句，空白处在从句中做do的宾语，且指的是内容，故填what。[JP]

28.that。分析句子结构可知，felt之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且句意完整，故应使用that引导宾语从句。

29.how。在题干中，人称代词me之后为宾语从句，空白处在从句中做方式主语，故应用how做为宾语从句的引导词。

30.that。在题干中，myself之后为promise的具体内容，即同位语从句，从句中句意完整，且不缺少句子成分，故应用that引导。

（二）语法填空综合训练

【文章导读】父母的期望值过高，方法不当，使许多学生感到压力很大，殊不知每个人都有不同的发展方式。

1.stressed。考查形容词。空白处在句中做表语，故提示词的过去分词与题意相符（分词形容词化，意为“有压力的，紧张的”）。

2.but。考查并列连词。空白处前后是两个并列的句子，且空白处表示转折，故应填but。

3.adjusting。考查非谓语动词。介词之后应该接动名词做宾语，故空白处填提示词的动名词形式。

4.difficulties。考查名词。根据空前的定语childrens和语境可知，difficulty为可数名词，空白处应填提示词的复数形式。

5.competition。考查名词。空白处在句中做主语，故空白处填提示词的名词形式。

6.higher。考查形容词。根据语境可知，空白处在句中暗含了一种比较的语气，故空白处填写提示词的比较级形式。

7.the。考查冠词。空白处之后的change是名词，在句中表示特指，故应填定冠词。

8.gently。考查副词。空白处在句中做状语，故提示词的副词形式与题意相符。

9.to take。考查非谓语动词。threaten之后应该接不定式做宾语，故空白处填to take。

10.what。考查宾语从句。determine之后接的是宾语从句，而动词短语do with常与what搭配，故空白处填what。endprint