非谓语动词易错对比

周伟

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词历来是高考考查的重点。考查要点一般在下面几个方面设置：两个及多个动词连用时的非谓语动词作伴随状语，非谓语动词的一般式、完成式和被动语态，动名词的复合结构及独立主格结构，非谓语动词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致等，试题的命题方向是考查注重语境，强调基本概念的运用，同学们对非谓语动词的运用在备考时要引起足够的重视。以下例题就易错非谓语动词的题型时行对比说明。

例1 ①________ by some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.

②________ some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.

A. Following B. To be followed

C. Having followed D. Followed

解析 DA。①主句的主语与分词为逻辑上的动宾关系； ②主句的主语与分词为逻辑上的主谓关系。

例2 ①The teacher told us that this English poem was ________.

②The teacher told us that this English poem was difficult ________.

A. understanding B. to understand

C. to be understood D. understand

解析 CB。①没有形容词作表语，不定式用被动式；②有形容词作表语时，不定式要用主动式与形容词一起构成复合谓语。

例3 ①They worked all day， _______ for the sports meeting.

②They worked all day _______ for the sports meeting.

A. prepare B. preparing

C. prepared D. to prepare

解析 BD。①preparing伴随状语；②to prepare目的状语。

例4 ①Their team is sure ____ the game. Im confident in them.

②Their team is sure ______ the game. Theyre confident in themselves.

A. to win B. win

C. to winning D. of winning

解析 AD。①be sure to do“一定会……”；②be sure of doing“对做……有把握”。

例5 ①There is a large waiting room there， _______ a lot of passengers.

②There are a lot of passengers ______ in the waiting room there.

A. seating B. sitting

C. seats D. sits

解析 AB。①非谓语动词seating这里是及物的，应接一个宾语，意为“使（让）……就座”；②sitting不及物动词，分词短语作后置定语。

例6 ①—Im going to town. I have something ________ to my sister.

②—Im going to town. Do you have anything ________ to your sister？

A. taking B. to be taken

C. to take D. taken

解析 CB。①“带去”的动作是“I”发出的，故不定式用主动式“to take”；②“带去”的动作不是“you”发出的，故不定式要用被动式“to be taken”

例7 ①—Have you _____ to Jack for many years？

—No， just one year.

②—Have you ______ to Jack？

—Not yet.

A. been marrying B. married

C. got married D. been married

解析 DC。①表示可持续性状态用be married； ②表示行为动作要用get married，且不能持续。

例8 ①Seeing my mother is busy， I cant help ________ housework.

②I was busy with my work， so I cant help ________ housework.

A. do B. be doing

C. to doing D. doing

解析 DA。①cant help （to） do不能帮忙做某事；②cant help doing忍不住做某事。

例9 ①Who would you like ________ you with your English？

②Who would you rather have _______ you with your English？

③Who would you rather _______ you with your English？

A. helped B. helping

C. to help D. help

解析 CDA。①would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”； ②would rather have sb. do sth “宁愿让某人做某事”，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语； ③would rather （that） sb. did sth. “宁愿让某人做某事”。宾语从句中动词用虚拟语气。

例10 ①In this university， Mr. Smith is the only one of the professors who _______ Chinese.

②In this university， Mr. Smith is one of the professors who _______ Chinese.

③In this university， Mr. Smith is among the professors _______ Chinese.

A. know B. knows

C. knowing D. to know

解析 BAC。①定语从句修饰the only one用单数；②定语从句修饰the professors用复数；③现在分词短语作定语，相当于主动语态的定语从句who know Chinese。

例11 ①He is looking forward ________ his grandma in the country next week.

②He was looking forward ________ what was going on over there.

③He was looking forward， ________ what was going on over there.

A. to see B. seeing

C. to seeing D. see

解析 CAB。①期盼；②往前凑想看看那边发生什么事，to see作目的状语；③往前凑看到那边发生了什么事；seeing作结果状语。

例12 ①—I thank you ________ me the news.

—Youre welcome.

②—I appreciate your ________ me the news.

—Its my pleasure.

③—I thank you ________ me the news.

—All right.

A. for telling B. tell

C. to tell D. telling

解析 ADC。①thank sb. for doing sth.“表示感谢某人做某事”；②appreciate“感谢”时不接“人”做宾语，常接名词或动名词；③thank sb. to do sth. “恳求某人做某事”。

例13 ①I suggested he __________ it again.

②I suggested him __________ it again.

③His expression suggested he ________ it again.

A. try B. trying

C. tried D. had tried

解析 ABD。①suggest表示“建议”宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气“should do”；②suggest不可接不定式，但可接动名词或动名词的复合结构；③suggest做“暗示；表明”意思时，宾语从句用直称语气。

例14 ①I think your suggestion is worth .

②I think your suggestion is worthy of _______.

③I think your suggestion is worthy _______.

A. consider B. being considered

C. to be considered D. considering

解析 DBC。①表示“……值得做”用“sth. is worth doing”；②sth. is worthy既可用“of being done”也可用“to be done”。

例15 ①Her overcoat ________， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

②The girl， ________ in her overcoat， hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

③On ________ her overcoat， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

④The girl ________ a overcoat hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

A. putting on B. dressed

C. wearing D. going on

解析 DBAC。①独立主格结构做时间状语，go on不及物，作“穿戴”时，常用衣、帽鞋袜作主语；②dressed in... = who was dressed in...；③（姑娘）一穿上大衣，On doing sth， “一……就……”；④wearing现在分词短语作定语相当与主动语态的定语从句who is wearing...。

例16 ①He had his sick kid _______ to the hospital， for he had no time then.

②He had a boy _______ the books for him.

③He had a boy _______ the books all the morning.

④He had a boy _______ on his motorcycle， so he couldnt take me along.

A. carry B. to carry

C. carrying D. carried

解析 DACB。 ①“have...done”“请（让）某人做某事”（他当时没空，他请别人把他生病的孩子送到医院）；②have+宾语+do宾补）；③have sb. doing=keep sb. doing“让（使）某人一直做……”；④had是行为动词“有”，后接不定式作定语，而不是使役动词。

例17 ①East of the city ________ a beautiful park 3 years ago.

②He ________ his hand on my shoulder.

③He often _______ to his teacher in high school.

④Hes ________ there for 2 hours.

A. laid B. lied

C. lay D. lain

解析 CABD。①完全倒装句，动词“位于”lie的过去式为lay；②动词lay“搁置；放”的过去式为laid；③动词lie“撒谎”的过去式为lied。

[练习]

1. ①Three years later he turned ______ doctor.

②Three years later he became ______ doctor.

A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the

2. ①Many students find ______ difficult to learn.

②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn.

A. English B. an English

C. the English D. England

3.①New York is much larger than ______ in America.

②New York is much larger than _____ in India.

A. other city B. any city

C. all cities D. any other city

4. ①The workers ______ a new hospital since the end of last year.

②The workers ______ a new hospital by the end of last year.

A. have built B. have been building

C. had built D. were building

5. ①The little girl had no choice but _______ at home.

②The little girl could do nothing but ______ at home.

A. to stay B. to staying

C. stayed D. stay

6. ①The book is worth _______， I think.

②The book is worthy of _______， I think.

③ The book is worthy _______， I think.

A. to be read B. being read

C. reading D. read

7. ①She often goes to school _______ bike.

②She often goes to school _______ foot.

A. in B. at

C. on D. by

[参考答案]

1. CB 2. DC 3. DB 4. BD 5. AD 6. CBA 7. DC